Pedro Ogazón Rubio (

Guadalajara Guadalajara ( ; ) is the capital and the most populous city in the western Mexican List of states of Mexico, state of Jalisco, as well as the most densely populated municipality in Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population ...

Jalisco Jalisco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. It is located in western Mexico and is bordered by s ...

; November 17, 1820 –

Orizaba Orizaba (, Otomi: ) is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. It is located 20 km west of its sister city Córdoba, and is adjacent to Río Blanco and Ixtaczoquitlán, on Federal Highways 180 and 190. The city had a ...

Veracruz Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entit ...

; February 27, 1890) was a Mexican military officer and politician. He served as the

governor of Jalisco The following is a list of governors of the Mexican state of Jalisco from 1821. The current Constitution indicates a term of six years in length, which cannot be renewed under any circumstances. It also stipulates the qualifications for becoming ...

, Minister of War, a local and federal deputy, and a magistrate of the Supreme Court of Justice.

U.S. intervention and Ayutla Revolution

He completed his studies in Guadalajara and earned a law degree in 1846. During the

Mexican-American War Mexican Americans are Americans of full or partial Mexican descent. In 2022, Mexican Americans comprised 11.2% of the US population and 58.9% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans. In 2019, 71% of Mexican Americans were born in the United State ...

in 1847, he participated in the defence of Guadalajara as part of the Terán battalion of the National Guard. In 1855, he was the general secretary of the government under José Santos Degollado. During the

Ayutla Revolution The Plan of Ayutla was the 1854 written plan aimed at removing conservative, centralist President Antonio López de Santa Anna from control of Mexico during the Second Federal Republic of Mexico period. Initially, it seemed little different from ...

, he sided with the liberals and was promoted to the rank of colonel. He served as a deputy during the Constituent Congress that drafted the

1857 Constitution The Political Constitution of the Mexican Republic of 1857 (), often called simply the Constitution of 1857, was the liberal constitution promulgated in 1857 by Constituent Congress of Mexico during the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort. Ratified ...

Reform War and French intervention

Ogazón participated on the liberal side in the

Reform War The Reform War (17 December 185711 January 1861) or War of Reform (), also known as the Three Years' War (), and the Mexican Civil War, was a complex civil conflict in Mexico fought between Mexican liberals and conservatives with regional var ...

and distinguished himself in the Battle of Guadalajara, defeating the conservative general Severo Castillo. At the behest of President

Benito Juárez Benito Pablo Juárez García (; 21 March 1806 – 18 July 1872) was a Mexican politician, military commander, and lawyer who served as the 26th president of Mexico from 1858 until his death in office in 1872. A Zapotec peoples, Zapotec, he w ...

, Ogazón became the interim governor of the state of Jalisco in 1858, until the arrival of the conservatives. In 1859, Degollado appointed him Brigadier General of the First Division of Jalisco, and in 1860, he was named commander of the Central Division. At the end of the Reform War, Pedro Ogazón was elected governor, a position he held until 1862. During these two years, he left his cousin and general secretary Ignacio Vallarta in charge while he fought Manuel Lozada, "the Tiger of Álica," on multiple occasions. His mission was interrupted during the

Second French Intervention in Mexico The second French intervention in Mexico (), also known as the Second Franco-Mexican War (1861–1867), was a military invasion of the Republic of Mexico by the French Empire of Napoleon III, purportedly to force the collection of Mexican de ...

, leading him to sign the Pochotitlán treaties with Lozada. He defended the port of Mazatlán in the eponymous Battle of Mazatlán in 1864 after returning from San Francisco with weapons for the defense. During the French intervention, he traveled constantly between San Francisco and New York, acting as an agent to secure financial support and armaments. From May 1866, he returned to Mexico and served under General Silvestre Aranda, participating in the Siege of Querétaro in 1867. With the restored Republic, he became a magistrate of the

Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (, SCJN) is the Mexican institution serving as the country's federal high court and the spearhead organisation for the judiciary of the Mexican Federal Government. Judges of the SCJN are appointed ...

from 1868 to 1874.

Tuxtepec Rebellion

In 1876, he was promoted to division general under

Porfirio Díaz José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori (; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a General (Mexico), Mexican general and politician who was the dictator of Mexico from 1876 until Mexican Revolution, his overthrow in 1911 seizing power in a Plan ...

, supporting him in the Tuxtepec Revolution against the reelection of

Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada y Corral (; 24 April 1823 – 21 April 1889) was a Mexican liberal politician and jurist who served as the 31st president of Mexico from 1872 to 1876. A successor to Benito Juárez, who died in office in July 1872, ...

. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Tecoac. As a reward for his services, he was appointed Minister of War and Navy in the first Cabinets of Porfirio Díaz and Juan N. Méndez, from November 1876 to April 1878. From that year until 1883, he was once again a magistrate of the Supreme Court of Justice. After his term, he retired from public life.

Personal life

One of his aunts, Juana Ogazón Velázquez, was the mother of General and Governor of

Nuevo León Nuevo León, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is a Administrative divisions of Mexico, state in northeastern Mexico. The state borders the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosí, San Luis ...

Bernardo Reyes Bernardo Doroteo Reyes Ogazón (30 August 1850 – 9 February 1913) was a Mexican general and politician who fought in the Second French intervention in Mexico and served as the appointed Governor of Nuevo León for more than two decades dur ...

; the other, Isabel Ogazón Velázquez, was the mother of lawyer

Ignacio Luis Vallarta Ignacio Luis Vallarta Ogazón (25 August 1830, Guadalajara, Jalisco – 31 December 1893, Mexico, D.F.) was a Mexican jurist and governor of the Mexican state of Jalisco (1872–1876). His baptismal name was José Luis Miguel Ignacio Vallarta ...

. He married Rosa Escobar in 1872, and they had two children, Margarita (1875–1920) and Pedro (1873–1929). The latter adopted the artistic name Pedro Luis Ogazón, becoming one of the most prominent pianists of his time and a teacher of the celebrated Carlos Chávez. Due to health problems, Pedro Ogazón Rubio retired first to Cuernavaca, and later to Orizaba, where he died on February 27, 1890. He was buried in the Rotonda de las Personas Ilustres.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ogazón, Pedro 1820 births 1890 deaths Mexican military personnel Governors of Jalisco Burials at the Panteón de Dolores