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Peau d'orange ( French for "orange peel skin" or, more literally, "skin of an orange") describes a phenomenon in which hair follicles become buried in edema, giving the skin an orange peel appearance. Peau d'orange can be caused by cutaneous lymphatic edema, which causes swelling. Parts of the edematous skin are tethered by hair follicles and sweat glands such that pinpoint pitting occurs within areas of swelling, leading to the characteristic appearance. Causes of peau d'orange include chronic processes such as cellulite, infection,
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Peau d'orange ( French for "orange peel skin" or, more literally, "skin of an orange") describes a phenomenon in which hair follicles become buried in edema, giving the skin an orange peel appearance. Peau d'orange can be caused by cutaneous lymphatic edema, which causes swelling. Parts of the edematous skin are tethered by hair follicles and sweat glands such that pinpoint pitting occurs within areas of swelling, leading to the characteristic appearance. Causes of peau d'orange include chronic processes such as cellulite, infection, pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease that causes mineralization of elastic fibers in some tissues. The most common problems arise in the skin and eyes, and later in blood vessels in the form of premature atherosclerosis. PXE is cau ...
, inflammatory breast cancer, and Graves' dermopathy.
Peau d'orange on the breast should raise concerns of possible underlying inflammatory breast cancer, a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer.
Other examples of peau d'orange occur in the eye due to breaks in Bruch's Membrane
Bruch's membrane or lamina vitrea is the innermost layer of the choroid of the eye. It is also called the ''vitreous lamina'' or ''Membrane vitriae'', because of its glassy microscopic appearance. It is 2–4 μm thick.
Anatomy
Structure
B ...
called angioid streaks, which are common in pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease that causes mineralization of elastic fibers in some tissues. The most common problems arise in the skin and eyes, and later in blood vessels in the form of premature atherosclerosis. PXE is cau ...
, or in elephantiasis
Elephantiasis, often incorrectly called elephantitis, is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling (edema). It is characterised by edema, hypertrophy, and fibrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues, due to obstru ...
caused by thread-like, microscopic parasitic worms (filariasis
Filariasis is a filarial infection caused by parasitic nematodes (roundworms) spread by different vectors. They are included in the list of neglected tropical diseases.
The most common type is lymphatic filariasis caused by three species o ...
). Peau d'orange can also be used to describe the dermopathy seen in the pretibial myxedema of Graves' disease
Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter or Basedow's disease, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid. It frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It also often results in an enlarged thyro ...
, in which the ankles and shins become swollen and red along with the characteristic orange peel texture.
References
External links
www.djo.harvard.edu
www.medicalnewstoday.com
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