Paškal Jukić
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Paškal "Paško" Jukić (; ; 1748 – 7 November 1806) was a preacher, musician, and professor of philosophy in the
Makarska Makarska () is a town on the Adriatic coastline of Croatia, about southeast of Split (city), Split and northwest of Dubrovnik, in the Split-Dalmatia County. Makarska is a prominent regional tourist center, located on a horseshoe-shaped bay bet ...
lyceum in present-day
Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...
. He is best known for editing the Italian-Croatian bilingual newspaper ''
Il Regio Dalmata – Kraglski Dalmatin ''Il Regio Dalmata – Kraglski Dalmatin'' (also ''Kraljski Dalmatin'') was a bilingual weekly newspaper, written in Italian and Croatian, which was published in Zadar by the French government between 1806 and 1810. It was the first newspaper publ ...
'', considered to be the first periodical printed in Croatian, published between 1806 and 1810.Kapitanović, V., Franjevačko filozofsko učilište …, Prilozi 69–70 (2009), str. 301–340 Since Jukić belonged to a group of
Franciscan The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent Religious institute, religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor bei ...
friars who went on to become prominent figures in the cultural life of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the second half of the 19th century, some sources compare him to other influential writers of the time such as
Vuk Karadžić Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( sr-Cyrl, Вук Стефановић Караџић, ; 6 November 1787 (26 October OS)7 February 1864) was a Serbian philologist, anthropologist and linguist. He was one of the most important reformers of the moder ...
and
Ljudevit Gaj Ljudevit Gaj (; born Ludwig Gay; ; 8 August 1809 – 20 April 1872) was a Croatian linguist, politician, journalist and writer. He was one of the central figures of the pan-Slavist Illyrian movement. Biography Origin He was born in Krapina ( ...
.


Biography

Jukić was born in 1748 in
Živogošće Živogošće is a tourist locality in southern Dalmatia, Croatia, located between Makarska and Drvenik, that belongs to municipality Podgora. It consists of three smaller localities on the coast (Porat, Mala Duba i Blato) which are approximately ...
, a coastal village in
Dalmatia Dalmatia (; ; ) is a historical region located in modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. Through time it formed part of several historical states, most notably the Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Croatia (925 ...
, some 20 kilometres south of
Makarska Makarska () is a town on the Adriatic coastline of Croatia, about southeast of Split (city), Split and northwest of Dubrovnik, in the Split-Dalmatia County. Makarska is a prominent regional tourist center, located on a horseshoe-shaped bay bet ...
, which was at the time part of the
Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 ...
. After completing the Franciscan elementary and middle schools in his hometown, in 1767 he joined the Franciscan order, and later became professor of philosophy at the Makarska
lyceum The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies among countries; usually it is a type of secondary school. Basic science and some introduction to ...
. After
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...
had conquered Austrian-held Dalmatia in 1806, and the establishment of the French
Illyrian Provinces The Illyrian Provinces were an autonomous province of France during the First French Empire that existed under Napoleonic Rule from 1809 to 1814. The province encompassed large parts of modern Italy and Croatia, extending their reach further e ...
, Italian journalist Bartolomeo Benincasa moved to the Dalmatian city of
Zadar Zadar ( , ), historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian, ; see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Croatia. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ...
to publish a bilingual Italian-Croatian newspaper titled ''Il Regio Dalmata – Kraglski Dalmatin'', the first newspaper printed in Croatian. Benincasa asked friar
Andrija Dorotić Andrija (; sr-cyr, Андрија) is a South Slavic masculine given name. It is cognate to Greek ''Andreas'', or English Andrew. Notable people with the name include: *Andrija, Prince of Hum (fl. 1203–50), medieval nobleman from the Vukanović ...
to recommend one of the Franciscans for the job of translating
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance languag ...
articles into Croatian. Dorotić recommended Jukić, who then became a co-editor of the bilingual newspaper. Jukić also worked as a translator in the Zadar-based government office of the
Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy (; ) was a kingdom in Northern Italy (formerly the Italian Republic) that was a client state of Napoleon's French Empire. It was fully influenced by revolutionary France and ended with Napoleon's defeat and fall. Its gover ...
. Launching the newspaper on 12 July 1806 as a weekly news digest, Jukić contributed to the first dozen or so editions of ''Il Regio Dalmata – Kraglski Dalmatin'' before dying in Zadar less than four months later on 7 November 1806. The newspaper, sponsored by the local French government of the Illyrian Provinces, lived to see a total of 175 issues before publishing its last edition on 1 April 1810. Due to his role in promoting printed Croatian, Jukić later became an important person in the political history of
Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...
. In the early 20th century friar Juraj Božitković conducted extensive research of Jukić's literary manuscripts found in the archives in Makarska, and published the results of his findings in his work ''Friar Paskal Jukić and his unpublished poems about prince Ivan Mirković'' () in 1938.


Bibliography

Jukić belonged to a group of Franciscan friars who wrote poetry greatly influenced by the works of
Andrija Kačić Miošić Andrija Kačić Miošić (; 17 April 1704 – 14 December 1760) was a Croatian poet and Franciscan friar, as well as a descendant of the Kačić noble family, one of the oldest and most influential Croatian noble families. Biography Born in ...
. Jukić's octosyllabic verse has ratio of 66.5%:13.6%. Jukić composed three complete and two incomplete poems about count Ivan Mirković. They are very similar to poems about
Skanderbeg Gjergj Kastrioti (17 January 1468), commonly known as Skanderbeg, was an Albanians, Albanian Albanian nobility, feudal lord and military commander who led Skanderbeg's rebellion, a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire in what is today Albania, ...
written by Kačić.EPIKA NA RAZMEĐU 18. i 19. STOLJEĆA, Dunja Fališevac, p. 88 Jukić also wrote the following (unpublished) works: * ''Razmišljanja duhovna za sve dane godine'' * ''Razlike svete pjesme'' which is collection of poems that also includes ''Božićne pjesme'' * Institutiones philosophicae ad mentem Ioannis Duns=Scoti omnium theologorum principis concinatae Juventutique propositae A. P. F. P. - Makarska 1779–1780


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jukic, Paskal 1748 births 1806 deaths Franciscan writers Croatian Roman Catholic writers 18th-century Croatian Roman Catholic priests People from Dalmatia