The Pavane in F-sharp minor, Op. 50, is a short work by the French composer Gabriel Fauré written in 1887. It was originally a piano piece, but is better known in Fauré's version for orchestra and optional chorus. It was first performed in Paris in 1888, becoming one of the composer's most popular works.

History

The work is titled after the slow processional Spanish court dance of the same name. Fauré's original version of the piece was written for piano and chorus in the late 1880s.Howat, p. 155 He described it as "elegant, assuredly, but not particularly important." Fauré composed the orchestral version at

Le Vésinet Le Vésinet () is a suburban Communes of France, commune in the Yvelines Departments of France, department in the Île-de-France Regions of France, region in north-central France. It is a part of the affluent outer suburbs of western Paris, from ...

in the summer of 1887.Orledge, Robert (1993). Notes to EMI CD CDM 7-64715-2 He envisaged a purely orchestral composition, using modest forces, to be played at a series of light summer concerts conducted by Jules Danbé. After Fauré opted to dedicate the work to his patron, Elisabeth, comtesse Greffulhe, he felt compelled to stage a grander affair and at her recommendation he added an invisible chorus to accompany the orchestra (with additional allowance for dancers). The words were inconsequential verses, ''à la'' Verlaine, on the romantic helplessness of man, written by the Countess's cousin, Robert de Montesquiou. Fauré wrote: The orchestral version was first performed at a Concert Lamoureux under the baton of Charles Lamoureux on 25 November 1888. Three days later, the choral version was premiered at a concert of the Société nationale de musique. In 1891, the Countess finally helped Fauré produce the version with both dancers and chorus, in a "choreographic spectacle" designed to grace one of her garden parties in the Bois de Boulogne. From the outset, the Pavane has enjoyed immense popularity, whether with or without chorus. With choreography by

Léonide Massine Leonid Fyodorovich Myasin (), better known in the West by the French transliteration as Léonide Massine (15 March 1979), was a Russian choreographer and ballet dancer. Massine created the world's first symphonic ballet, ''Les Présages'', and ...

a ballet version entered the repertoire of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in 1917, alternatively billed as ''Las Meninas'' or ''Les Jardins d'Aranjuez'', danced to music by not only Fauré but also Maurice Ravel and others. For Massine, Fauré's music had "haunting echoes of Spain's Golden Age" parallelling the formality and underlying sadness he found in the paintings of Velázquez.Norton, p. 25 Some critics found the ballet pallid, but Diaghilev retained a fondness for the piece, and kept it in the company's repertoire until the end of his life. Fauré's example was imitated by his juniors, who went on to write pavanes of their own:

Debussy Achille Claude Debussy (; 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionism in music, Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. He was among the most influe ...

's Passepied in his '' Suite bergamasque'' and Ravel's '' Pavane pour une infante défunte'', and "Pavane de la belle au bois dormant" in '' Ma mère l'oye''.Brown, Alan
"Pavan"
''Grove Music Online'', Oxford Music Online, accessed 15 November 2011

Music

The work is scored for modest orchestral forces consisting of strings and one pair each of

flute The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, producing sound with a vibrating column of air. Flutes produce sound when the player's air flows across an opening. In th ...

oboe The oboe ( ) is a type of double-reed woodwind instrument. Oboes are usually made of wood, but may also be made of synthetic materials, such as plastic, resin, or hybrid composites. The most common type of oboe, the soprano oboe pitched in C, ...

clarinet The clarinet is a Single-reed instrument, single-reed musical instrument in the woodwind family, with a nearly cylindrical bore (wind instruments), bore and a flared bell. Clarinets comprise a Family (musical instruments), family of instrume ...

bassoon The bassoon is a musical instrument in the woodwind family, which plays in the tenor and bass ranges. It is composed of six pieces, and is usually made of wood. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, versatility, and virtuosity ...

s, and horns. The Fauré scholar Jean-Michel Nectoux writes that the Pavane has become one of the composer's best-known pieces, and "there will be few to deny that it is one of the most attractive of his lesser works: the flute theme, once heard, is not easily forgotten".Nectoux, pp. 108–109 In a 1979 study, Robert Orledge describes the scoring of the Pavane as "delicate and airy, with some practical and inspired woodwind writing and a variety of string textures…" He adds that the strings sometimes double the viola part on either second violins or cellos, "perhaps for safety's sake". After the opening flute theme, there is a more dramatic central section, comprising a series of four-bar sequences over bass pedals which descend whole tones – a favourite device of Fauré's. There are small and barely perceptible changes to the main theme during the work and reharmonisations that Orledge calls "a miracle of Fauréan ingenuity".Orledge, p. 101 Performance timings vary considerably. These recordings made between 1953 and 2014 have playing times from under five minutes to nearly seven: Fauré intended the piece to be played more briskly than it is sometimes performed in its more familiar orchestral guise. The conductor Sir Adrian Boult heard Fauré play the piano version several times and noted that he took it at a tempo no slower than 100 crotchets a minute.Howat, p. 272 Boult commented that the composer's sprightly tempo emphasised that the ''Pavane'' was not a piece of German romanticism, and that the text later added was "clearly a piece of light-hearted chaffing between the dancers".

Verse

C'est Lindor, c'est Tircis et c'est tous nos vainqueurs! C'est Myrtille, c'est Lydé! Les reines de nos coeurs! Comme ils sont provocants! Comme ils sont fiers toujours! Comme on ose régner sur nos sorts et nos jours! Faites attention! Observez la mesure! Ô la mortelle injure! La cadence est moins lente! Et la chute plus sûre! Nous rabattrons bien leur caquets! Nous serons bientôt leurs laquais! Qu'ils sont laids! Chers minois! Qu'ils sont fols! (Airs coquets!) Et c'est toujours de même, et c'est ainsi toujours! On s'adore! On se hait! On maudit ses amours! Adieu Myrtille, Eglé, Chloé, démons moqueurs! Adieu donc et bons jours aux tyrans de nos coeurs! It's Lindor! it's Tircis! and all our conquerors! It's Myrtil! it's Lydé! the queens of our hearts! How provocative they are, how proud they are always! How they dare reign over our fates and our days! Pay attention! Observe the measure! O the deadly insult! The pace is less slow! And the fall more certain! We'll tone down their chatter! Soon we'll be their lackeys! How ugly they are! Sweet faces! How crazy they are! Coquettish airs! And it's always the same! And will be so always! They love one another! They hate one another! They curse their loves! Farewell, Myrtil! Eglé! Chloe! Mocking demons! Farewell and good days to the tyrants of our hearts!English translation combined from Google and Microsoft translators

Notes, references and sources

Notes

References

Sources

* * * * * *

External links

* * Free scores of this work in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki) * An ASCII-base
text and translation
of the Pavane fro
The Lied and Art Songs Text Page
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pavane (Faure) Compositions by Gabriel Fauré Choral compositions 1887 compositions Compositions in F-sharp minor Orchestral compositions with chorus