The Parque Reducto No. 2 is a 20,000 m²

public park An urban park or metropolitan park, also known as a city park, municipal park (North America), public park, public open space, or municipal gardens (United Kingdom, UK), is a park or botanical garden in cities, densely populated suburbia and oth ...

located at the intersections of Benavides and

Luis Bedoya Reyes Luis Fernán Bedoya Reyes (20 February 1919 – 18 March 2021) was a Peruvian Christian Democrat Party (Peru), Christian Democrat (PDC) and Christian People's Party (Peru), Christian People's Party (PPC) politician who served as the List of may ...

avenues, in

Miraflores District, Lima Miraflores, founded as San Miguel de Miraflores, is a Districts of Peru, district of Lima Province, in Peru. A residential and upscale shopping district, it is one of the wealthiest districts that make up the city of Lima, located to the south o ...

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

. Located in a former

redoubt A redoubt (historically redout) is a Fortification, fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort, usually relying on Earthworks (engineering), earthworks, although some are constructed of ston ...

built by the

Peruvian Army The Peruvian Army (, abbreviated EP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with safeguarding the independence, sovereignty and integrity of national territory on land through military force. Additional missions include assistance in s ...

during the

War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific (), also known by War of the Pacific#Etymology, multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru), Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Atacama Desert ...

, it was declared a National Monument in 1944, and a Patriotic Sanctuary in 1965. The building formerly used as a

train station A train station, railroad station, or railway station is a railway facility where trains stop to load or unload passengers, freight, or both. It generally consists of at least one platform, one track, and a station building providing suc ...

now houses a

museum A museum is an institution dedicated to displaying or Preservation (library and archive), preserving culturally or scientifically significant objects. Many museums have exhibitions of these objects on public display, and some have private colle ...

dedicated to

Andrés Avelino Cáceres Andrés Avelino Cáceres Dorregaray (10 November 1836 – 10 October 1923) was a Peruvian politician and general who served as the President of Peru, from 1886 to 1890 as the 27th president, and again from 1894 to 1895 as the 30th. He is cons ...

History

The

s (''reductos'') were defenses built by the

in order to defend

Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...

from the

Chilean Army The Chilean Army () is the land arm of the Chilean Armed Forces. This 80,000-person army (9,200 of which are conscripts) is organized into six divisions, an army aviation brigade and a special operations brigade. In recent years, and after sever ...

during the

. In 1880, the Chileans had landed in

Pisco Pisco is a colorless or yellowish-to-amber-colored spirit produced in winemaking regions of Peru and Chile. Made by distilling fermented grape juice into a high-proof spirit, it was developed by 16th-century Spanish settlers as an alternativ ...

and had successfully pushed north toward the city. There were ten in total: *Reducto No. 1: located at the

esplanade An esplanade or promenade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water, where people may walk. The historical definition of ''esplanade'' was a large, open, level area outside fortress or city walls to provide cle ...

of Chorrillos, it was where Battalion No. 2 was entrenched under the command of Colonel Manuel Lecca. Among its civilian defenders was

Augusto B. Leguía Augusto Bernardino Leguía y Salcedo (19 February 1863 – 6 February 1932) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru from 1908 to 1912 and from 1919 to 1930, the latter term known as the " Oncenio" after its eleven-year length. ...

. *Reducto No. 2: it housed Battalion No. 4, with 300 men, under the command of , who fought alongside other lawyers and deputies of the city. It received the troops of

Belisario Suárez Manuel Belisario Suárez y Vargas (1833–1910) was a Peruvian colonel and politician that was notable for serving in several battles of the War of the Pacific as well as holding several offices within the Congress of the Republic of Peru. Bio ...

after their defeat at San Juan. *Reducto No. 3: located at the former ''Fundo La Palma'', it is where Battalion No. 6 fought under the command of lawyer Narciso de la Colina, supported by the troops of

Justo Pastor Dávila Justo Pastor Dávila Herrera (1829-1901) was a Peruvian colonel who was a primary commander throughout the Lima campaign as well as the Sierra campaign during the War of the Pacific as well as the Prefect of Tarapacá in 1879. Biography Justo ...

. *Reducto No. 4: located in the same place, it house Battalion No. 8 under the command of Juan de Dios Rivero, then

Minister of Finance A ministry of finance is a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an executive or cabinet position . A ministry of finance's portfolio ...

, alongside other state employees. *Reducto No. 5: located in ''La Calera de la Merced''. Possibly where the 10th battalion fought under the command of the ''La Calera'' hacienda's owner, José M. León. *Reducto Nos. 6 and 7: located between ''La Calera'' and the ''Hacienda Vásquez'', under the command of

Juan Martín Echenique Juan Martín Echenique y Tristán (1841 – May 26, 1912) was a Peru, Peruvian politician and soldier who served as the Mayor of Lima from 1898 to 1899. He was the son of José Rufino Echenique, who served as President of Peru and Victoria Trist ...

. *Reducto Nos. 8, 9 and 10: located between the ''Hacienda Vásquez'' and an area formerly part of

Ate District Ate, also known as Ate-Vitarte, is one of the forty-three districts that make up Lima Province, located in Peru. History The ''Ate'' name is of Aymaran origin and denoted a local Native town, while the ''Vitarte'' name is a Castilian Spani ...

. 12 battalions were based here, who did not see action.№ 5,500 men in total fought in the first four redobuts, since the rest were dissolved by

Nicolás de Piérola José Nicolás Baltasar Fernández de Piérola y Villena (known as "''El Califa''" ("The Caliph"); January 5, 1839 – June 23, 1913) was a Peruvian politician and Minister of Finance of Peru, Minister of Finance who served as the 23rd (1879 ...

and did not see action. The Chilean troops were numbered at 8,000 men—supported by the

Chilean Navy The Chilean Navy () is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense (Chile), Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso. History Ori ...

—with 3,000 Peruvians and 2,214 Chileans being

killed in action Killed in action (KIA) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their personnel at the hands of enemy or hostile forces at the moment of action. The United States Department of Defense, for example, ...

. Some of the unidentified bodies at the site were subsequently moved to the crypt at the city's main cemetery. The park, located at the second redoubt, was declared a National Monument in 1944, and a Patriotic Sanctuary in 1965 (alongside redoubt No. 3—today No. 5—and the Morro Solar). It was subsequently remodelled in 1995 by then mayor of Miraflores,

Alberto Andrade Alberto Manuel Andrade Carmona (December 24, 1943 – June 19, 2009) was a Peruvian lawyer and politician, born in Lima who served as the Mayor of Lima from 1996 to 2002 and as a Congressman from 2006 until his death. Education He studied at ...

. It keeps the original

barricade Barricade (from the French ''barrique'' - 'barrel') is any object or structure that creates a barrier or obstacle to control, block passage or force the flow of traffic in the desired direction. Adopted as a military term, a barricade denotes ...

built in 1881, alongside some

cannon A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during th ...

s used during the war.

Gallery

Reducto N-2.jpg, Statue of

Monumento reducto n2 2.jpg, Busts of participants of the battle Reducto nro. 2 v.jpg, Locomotive Reducto nro. 2 i.jpg, Museum entrance MINISTRO VALAKIVI PRESIDIÓ CEREMONIA DONDE SE RESALTÓ HEROICIDAD DE COMBATIENTES EN BATALLA DE MIRAFLORES (23774217223).jpg, Ceremony for the 135th anniversary of the battle of Miraflores

References

{{coord, 12, 07, 35, S, 77, 01, 21, W, type:landmark_region:PE, display=title Parks in Lima Miraflores District, Lima War of the Pacific Redoubts Cultural heritage of Peru

History

Gallery

See also

References