Parivāra (

Pāli Pāli (, IAST: pāl̤i) is a classical Middle Indo-Aryan language of the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the Buddhist ''Pāli Canon'' or '' Tipiṭaka'' as well as the sacred language of '' Therav� ...

for "accessory") is the third and last book of the Theravādin Vinaya Pitaka. It includes a summary and multiple analyses of the various rules identified in the Vinaya Pitaka's first two books, the Suttavibhanga and the Khandhaka, primarily for didactic purposes. Because it includes a long list of teachers in Ceylon, scholars, and Theravada fundamentalists, in its present form some suggest the work may be written later than the Fourth Council in Ceylon in the last century BCE, when the

Pali Canon The Pāḷi Canon is the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhism, Buddhist tradition, as preserved in the Pāli language. It is the most complete extant Early Buddhist texts, early Buddhist canon. It derives mainly from t ...

was written down from oral tradition.''This work (the Parivāra) is in fact a very much later composition, and probably the work of a Ceylonese Thera.'' from: ''Book of the Discipline'', volume VI, page ix (translators' introduction)

Overview

The book contains 19 chapters: # catechisms on the rules of the monks' Patimokkha # similar on the nuns' rules # verse summary of origins; an action can be originated by body and/or speech, in each of the three cases with or without intention, making six origins in all; this chapter goes through all the Patimokkha rules for monks and nuns, saying which of these six are possible # in two parts: ## repetitions on types of legal case involved in offences ## which rules for settling disputes are to be applied to legal cases # questions on Khandhaka # lists arranged numerically (cf. Anguttara Nikaya) #in two parts: ## beginning the recitation of the Patimokkha ## exposition of reasons for rules # collection of stanzas # on legal cases # additional collection of stanzas (mainly on reproving) # on reproving # lesser collection on disputes # greater collection on disputes # kathina: the process of making up robes # Upali asks the Buddha questions, the answers being lists of five # another chapter on origins # second (''sic'') collection of stanzas # "sweat-inducing stanzas": a collection of riddles (answers not given here); perhaps intended as exam questions" # in five parts: ## formal acts of the sangha ## reasons for rules ## laying down of rules ## what was laid down ## nine classifications

Translations

* ''The Book of the Discipline'', tr I. B. Horner, volume VI, 1966, Pali Text Society

Oxford.

Notes

Vinaya Pitaka Theravada Buddhist texts {{Buddhist-philo-stub

Overview

Translations

See also

Notes