Palau de la Música Catalana (, ) is a

concert hall A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage (theatre), stage that serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats. This list does not include other venues such as sports stadia, dramatic theatres or convention ...

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

Catalonia Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationalities and regions of Spain, nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 2006, Statute of Autonomy. Most of its territory (except the Val d'Aran) is situate ...

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

. Designed in the Catalan '' modernista'' style by the architect

Lluís Domènech i Montaner Lluís Domènech i Montaner (; 21 December 1850 – 27 December 1923) was a Catalan architect who was very much involved in and influential for the Catalan '' Modernisme català'', the Art Nouveau/ Jugendstil movement. He was also a Catalan pol ...

, it was built between 1905 and 1908 for

Orfeó Català The Orfeó Català is a choral society based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, which was founded in 1891 by Lluís Millet and Amadeu Vives.William H. Robinson, Jordi Falgàs, Carmen Belen Lord Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí ...

, a choral society founded in 1891 that was a leading force in the Catalan cultural movement that came to be known as the ''

Renaixença The ''Renaixença'' (; also written ''Renaixensa'' before spelling standardisation), or Catalan Renaissance, was a romantic revivalist movement in Catalan language and culture through the mid 19th century, akin to the Galician '' Rexurdimento ...

'' (Catalan Rebirth).Benton, Tim. ''Modernismo in Catalonia'' In: ''Art Nouveau Architecture'' (Frank Russell, editor), New York: Arch Cape Press, 1986. . It was inaugurated on 9 February 1908. The construction project was mainly financed by Orfeó Català, but important financial contributions also came from Barcelona's wealthy industrialists and

bourgeoisie The bourgeoisie ( , ) are a class of business owners, merchants and wealthy people, in general, which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between the peasantry and aristocracy. They are traditionally contrasted wi ...

. The palace won the architect an award from the Barcelona City Council in 1909, given to the best building built during the previous year. Between 1982 and 1989, the building underwent extensive restoration, remodeling, and extension under the direction of architects Oscar Tusquets and Carles Díaz. In 1997, the palace de la Música Catalana was declared a

UNESCO World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural ...

along with Hospital de Sant Pau. Today, more than half a million people a year attend musical performances in the Palau that range from symphonic and chamber music to jazz and Cançó (Catalan song).

Architect

The Palau de la Música Catalana was designed by

. Montaner was a Catalan architect and politician. He was born in Barcelona in December 1850. He studied physics and natural sciences in Madrid, and completed his architectural studies in 1873 at the University of Barcelona. He spent 45 years as a professor and director at the Escola d'Arquitectura, the school of architecture in Barcelona. His personal designs fit in with the

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and ...

movement, and featured decorative elements such as mosaics and stained glass.

Building

Location

The palace is located in the corner of a cramped street, Carrer Palau de la Música, and Carrer de Sant Pere Mes Alt, in the section of old Barcelona known as ''Casc Antic''. Most of the other prominent ''modernista'' buildings, those designed by

Antoni Gaudí Antoni Gaudí i Cornet ( , ; ; 25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926) was a Catalans, Catalan architect and designer from Spain, widely known as the greatest exponent of Catalan ''Modernisme''. Gaudí's works have a style, with most located in Barc ...

, for example, are located in the chic 19th-century extension of the city known as the

Eixample The Eixample (, ) is a district of Barcelona between the old city (Ciutat Vella) and what were once surrounding small towns (Sants, Gràcia, Sant Andreu, etc.), constructed in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its population was 262,000 at ...

Design

The design of the palace is typical of Catalan modernism in that curves predominate over straight lines, dynamic shapes are preferred over static forms, and rich decoration that emphasizes floral and other organic motifs is used extensively. In contrast to many other buildings built in the modernisme style, however, it must also be said that the design of the palace is eminently rational. It pays strict attention to function and makes full use of the most up-to-date materials and technologies available at the beginning of the 20th century (e.g., steel framing). As Tim Benton has commented: : "To eyes unaccustomed to the architecture of Barcelona, the impression of a riot of ornament lacking any logic or control seems overwhelming. And yet the building follows exactly the exhortations of the rchitecturalrationalists. The structure, in brick and iron, is clearly expressed." Actually, its walls are the first example of curtain wall structures. The wealthy citizens of Barcelona, who were becoming ever more sympathetic to the ''Renaixença'' at the time the palace was built, asked its architect for building materials and techniques that symbolized the Catalan character. In response, he commissioned and gave great creative freedom to a variety of local artisans and craftsmen to produce the fabulous ornamentation, sculpture, and decorative structural elements for which the palace is famous.

Façade

The rich decoration of the façade of the palace, which incorporates elements from many sources, including traditional Spanish and Arabic architecture, is successfully married with the building's structure. The exposed red brick and iron, the mosaics, the stained glass, and the glazed tiles were chosen and situated to give a feeling of openness and transparency. Even Miguel Blay's massive sculptural group symbolizing Catalan music on the corner of the building does not impede the view into or out from the interior (see photograph). As Carandell and co-authors (2006, 20) have pointed out, in the palace "the house as a defense and protected inner space has ceased to exist". Two colonnades enjoy a commanding position on the second-level balcony of the main façade. Each column is covered uniquely with multicolored glazed tile pieces in mostly floral designs and is capped with a candelabrum that at night blazes with light (see photograph). Above the columns are large busts of

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music. The central representative of the Roman School, with Orlande de Lassus and Tomás Luis de V ...

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (German: Help:IPA/Standard German, �joːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ ( – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque music, Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety ...

, and

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...

on the main façade and

Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most o ...

on the side. The top of the main façade is graced by a large allegoric mosaic by Lluís Bru that represents the members of the Orfeó Català, but it is impossible to see it clearly from the narrow street below.

Entrance

Originally, guests entered the palace from the street through two arches supported by thick pillars that opened into the vestibule. The former ticket windows, which are located in the center pillar, are beautiful concentric arches adorned with floral mosaics of various materials created by Lluís Bru.

Vestibule, staircases, and foyer

The ceiling of the vestibule is decorated with glazed

ceramic molding file:Old-Babylonian clay mould for ceramic plaques, from Southern Mesopotamia, Iraq.jpg, alt=whitish mould, Clay mould for ceramic (fired clay) plaques, from Southern Mesopotamia, Iraq Ceramic molding is a versatile and precise manufacturing proces ...

s that are arranged in the shape of stars. From the vestibule, on the left and right, grand marble staircases ascend from between crowned lamps on columns to bring visitors to the second floor. The balustrades of the staircases, also marble, are supported by unusual transparent yellow glass balusters. The underside of the staircases is covered with tiles that form gleaming canopies on either side of the vestibule. Today, guests generally enter the palace through the

foyer A lobby is a room in a building used for entry from the outside. Sometimes referred to as a foyer, entryway, reception area or entrance hall, it is often a large room or complex of rooms (in a theatre, opera house, concert hall, showroom, cine ...

, which was created in the renovations of Tusquets and Díaz from what originally were the headquarters of the Orfeó Català. The large space of the foyer is more soberly decorated than the rest of the palace, but the wide exposed brick arches with their marvelous glazed green, pink, and yellow ceramic flowers recapitulate the ornamentation of the rest of building. The foyer features a large counter where tapas and beverages can be served to concert-goers or visitors who are touring the building. The bar is situated between massive pillars of brick and is illuminated from behind by expansive stained-glass panes that are suspended above it. A glass case in the foyer displays the Orfeó Català's banner, which bears its crest embroidered on fabric in the modernisme style.

Lluís Millet hall

The Lluís Millet hall is a salon located on the second floor of the palace that is named after one of the founders of the Orfeó Català. The hall is a popular gathering place for concert-goers and also serves as a teaching area for visitors touring the building. From floor to ceiling the hall is two stories high and affords views of the intricate mosaics on the two rows of columns outside its windows that are much better than those available from the street. It is ornated by several bronze busts of musicians related to the palace: Lluís Millet and Amadeu Vives (Orfeó Català founders),

Pablo Casals Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: ; 29 December 187622 October 1973), known in English as Pablo Casals,Eduard Toldrà (founder and first conductor of the Orquestra Municipal de Barcelona), Just Cabot (Orfeó Català president) and pianist Rosa Sabater.

Concert hall

:''The concert hall is one of the most beautiful in the world (...) without exaggeration. It is one of its most important architectural treasures. Its pace, simple, complex, mystical and paradoxical, defies accurate description.'' -David Mackay
(Quoted in Carandell et al. 2006, 62) The concert hall of the palace, which seats about 2,200 people, is the only auditorium in Europe that is illuminated during daylight hours entirely by natural light. The walls on two sides consist primarily of stained-glass panes set in magnificent arches, and overhead is an enormous skylight of stained glass, designed by Antoni Rigalt, whose centerpiece is an inverted dome in shades of gold surrounded by blue that suggests the sun and the sky. The architectural decoration in the concert hall is a masterpiece of creativity and imagination, yet everything has been carefully considered for its utility in the presentation of music. The hall is not a theater, because the massive sculptures flanking the stage make the use of scenery nearly impossible. Likewise, even though a noble pipe

organ Organ and organs may refer to: Biology * Organ (biology), a group of tissues organized to serve a common function * Organ system, a collection of organs that function together to carry out specific functions within the body. Musical instruments ...

graces the apse-like area above and behind the stage, the hall is not a church. The dominant theme in the sumptuous sculptural decor of the concert hall is choral music, something that might be expected in an auditorium commissioned by a choral society. A choir of young women surrounds the "sun" in the stained-glass skylight, and a bust of Anselm Clavé, a famous choir director who was instrumental in reviving Catalan folk songs, is situated on the left side of the stage, under a stone tree. Seated beneath this statue are sculpted girls singing the Catalan song ''Les Flors de Maig'' (''The Flowers of May''). The whole arch over the front of the stage was sculpted by Dídac Masana and Pablo Gargallo. On the right side is depicted the 'Ride of the Valkyries' from Wagner's opera ''

Die Walküre (; ''The Valkyrie''), Wagner-Werk-Verzeichnis, WWV 86B, is the second of the four epic poetry, epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's Literary cycle, cycle ''Der Ring des Nibelungen'' (English: ''The Ring of the Nibelung''). It was ...

''. Under the Valkyries and among two

Doric columns The Doric order is one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of t ...

is a bust of Beethoven. The arch thus represents folk music on the left and classical music on the right, both united at the top of the arch. In a semicircle on the sides of the back of the stage are the figures of 18 young women popularly known as the '

muses In ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, mythology, the Muses (, ) were the Artistic inspiration, inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric p ...

'. The upper bodies were sculpted by Eusebi Arnau and the mosaic work of their lower bodies was created by Lluís Bru. The monotone upper bodies of the women protrude from the wall and their lower bodies are depicted by colorful mosaics that form part of the wall. Each of the women is playing a different musical instrument, and each is wearing a different skirt, blouse, and headdress of elaborate design. In the middle between the two groups is a mosaic of the coat of arms of Catalonia. The muse to the right of the Catalan coat of arms is the only one that depicts on her dress the coat of arms of Austria and

double-headed eagle The double-headed eagle is an Iconology, iconographic symbol originating in the Bronze Age. The earliest predecessors of the symbol can be found in Mycenaean Greece and in the Ancient Near East, especially in Mesopotamian and Hittite Empire#icon ...

of the Spanish Habsburgs dynasty. The sculptures of winged horses that enjoy a commanding position in the upper balcony are in honour of

Pegasus Pegasus (; ) is a winged horse in Greek mythology, usually depicted as a white stallion. He was sired by Poseidon, in his role as horse-god, and foaled by the Gorgon Medusa. Pegasus was the brother of Chrysaor, both born from Medusa's blood w ...

, the horse of

Greek mythology Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology. These stories conc ...

and the symbol of high-flying imagination. In each of the vaults between the pillars and the glass walls, there is a white tile medallion, bordered with laurel green leaves, with the names of notable musicians. To the left of the stage, starting from it:

Palestrina Palestrina (ancient ''Praeneste''; , ''Prainestos'') is a modern Italian city and ''comune'' (municipality) with a population of about 22,000, in Lazio, about east of Rome. It is connected to the latter by the Via Prenestina. It is built upon ...

, J. S. Bach, Carissimi,

Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire ...

and Chopin; to the right: Victoria,

Handel George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel ( ; baptised , ; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well-known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concerti. Born in Halle, Germany, H ...

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition and proficiency from an early age ...

Gluck Christoph Willibald ( Ritter von) Gluck (; ; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire at ...

and

Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, essayist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most o ...

. On the wall between the ceilings of the main room and that of the back of the second floor of the same room, there are four more ceramic medallions, which synthesize the history of

Catalan music The music of Catalonia comprises one of the oldest documented musical traditions in Europe. In tandem with the rest of Western Europe, it has a long musical tradition, incorporating a number of different styles and genres over the past two thous ...

: Joan Brudieu, Mateu Fletxa el Vell, Anselm Viola i Valentí, Domènec Terradellas and Josep Anselm Clavé. Robert Hughes has noted how the non-soundproof glass walls of the palace impact the acoustics of the hall: : "...there was never a shortage of complaint about its acoustic conditions - which, since its glass walls carry music like drum skins, have always been awful."Hughes, Robert, ''Barcelona''. Alfred A. Knopf (New York), , pp. 462-463 (1992).

Remodeling and extension

Between 1982 and 1989 parts of the building were restored to their original state, technically upgraded and expanded to allow additional uses. The new work did not compromise the decorative or structural integrity of the original building. Stone, brick, iron, glass, and ceramics were used in the same way that Domènech i Montaner used them. One of the most important expansions is the adjoining building of six stories that houses dressing rooms, a library, and an archive. From 2006 to 2008, further restoration was carried out: the lantern on the top of the tower on the corner of the building was reinstalled, as were some ornamental features of the façade.

Petit Palau

Opened in 2004, the ''Petit Palau'' ("small palace") is 11 metres below the square that was created in the work of 1982-1989 between the palace and the neighbouring church. It has a seating capacity of 538 people and is equipped with variable acoustics for different types of music and spoken word. It also possesses the latest in audiovisual technology. Like the other additions, it was designed in the spirit of Domènech i Montaner. It is light and transparent like the palace proper, but at the same time it is modern in its great flexibility for different cultural, social, and business uses.

Appearances in film

On 7 September 2018, the palace appeared in BBC TV's Release Date trailer for Season 11 of ''Doctor Who''. The trailer shows Jodie Whittaker, as the first female Doctor, literally 'shattering the glass ceiling' of the palace's striking skylight.

Artistic history

From the opening of the palace in 1908 special attention was given to the promotion of local composers and artists. After

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

the Orquestra Pau Casals performed at the palace, and among composers featured gave presentations of the music of

Enrique Granados Pantaleón Enrique Joaquín Granados Campiña (27 July 1867 – 24 March 1916), commonly known as Enrique Granados in Spanish or ''Enric Granados'' in Catalan, was a Spanish composer of classical music, and concert pianist from Cat ...

from 1921 onwards.Walter Aaron Clark ''Enrique Granados: Poet of the Piano'' 2005 "... arranged by Casals and programmed by him as director of the Orquestra Pau Casals in Barcelona during the years after Granados's death. The first such presentation took place on April 30, 1921 at the palace."

Pablo Casals Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: ; 29 December 187622 October 1973), known in English as Pablo Casals,Alicia de Larrocha are among the many soloists and singers who have performed there.

Premières performed

As the main concert hall in the city, the palace has staged many world

première A premiere, also spelled première, (from , ) is the wikt:debut, debut (first public presentation) of a work, i.e. Play (theatre), play, film, dance, musical composition, or even a Performing arts#Performers, performer in that work. History R ...

s of musical compositions, including the following * 1908 Enric Granados' symphonic poem ''

Dante Dante Alighieri (; most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri; – September 14, 1321), widely known mononymously as Dante, was an Italian Italian poetry, poet, writer, and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called ...

''. * 1911 Enric Granados' first book of his piano suite '' Goyescas'' and his ''Allegro de concierto'' and ''Cant de les estrelles'' (''Song of the stars''), for chorus and orchestra; Isaac Albéniz's ''Azulejos'', prelude for piano finished by Enric Granados. * 1914 Enric Granados' '' Tonadillas en estilo antiguo'', song cycle for voice and piano. * 1921 Eduard Toldrà's string quartett ''Vistes al mar'' (''Sight to the sea'') (31 May). * 1923 Joaquín Turina's ''Tres arias'' for soprano and piano. * 1925

Manuel de Falla Manuel de Falla y Matheu (, 23 November 187614 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist. Along with Isaac Albéniz, Francisco Tárrega, and Enrique Granados, he was one of Spain's most important musicians of the first half of the 20t ...

's ''Psyché'', and Frederic Mompou's ''Charmes'', núm. 4-6. * 1926 Jaume Pahissa's ''Suite intertonal'' (October 26); Joaquín Turina's ''Dos canciones'' (October 29) for soprano and piano;

Harpsichord Concerto A harpsichord concerto is a piece of music for an orchestra with the harpsichord in a solo role (though for another sense, see below). Sometimes these works are played on the modern piano (see '' piano concerto''). For a period in the late 18th cen ...

(November 5). * 1928 Eduard Toldrà's opera ''El giravolt de maig'' (''The May sunflower''); Frederic Mompou's ''Comptines'', three songs for voice and piano; Joaquín Turina's ''Ritmos: fantasia coreográfica'' for orchestra (''Rhythms: a choreographic fantasy'') (October 23), and ''Evocaciones'' for piano (October 29). * 1929

Roberto Gerhard Robert Gerhard i Ottenwaelder (; 25 September 1896 – 5 January 1970) was a Spanish and British composer, musical scholar, and writer, generally known outside his native region of Catalonia as Roberto Gerhard.Malcolm MacDonald. 'Gerhard, Roberto' ...

's Concertino for strings, Wind quintet, and other of the author's early works. * 1932 Manuel Blancafor]'s ''El rapte de les sabines'' (''The Sabine women abduction'') (other Blancafort's works were premiered here after: ''Ermita i panorama'' (''Hermit and panorame'') (1946), ''Concert omaggio a Franz Liszt'' (1944), ''Concert ibèric'' (''Iberian concerto'') (1950), ''Simfonia en mi'' (1951), ''Cantata Verge Maria'' (''Virgin Mary cantata'') (1968), ''Rapsòdia catalana'' (''Catalan rhapsody'') (1972), etc.) * 1936

Alban Berg Alban Maria Johannes Berg ( ; ; 9 February 1885 – 24 December 1935) was an Austrian composer of the Second Viennese School. His compositional style combined Romantic lyricism with the twelve-tone technique. Although he left a relatively sma ...

Violin concerto A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin (occasionally, two or more violins) and instrumental ensemble (customarily orchestra). Such works have been written since the Baroque period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up thro ...

(April 19);

's suite from the ballet ''Ariel''. * 1938

's ''Albada, interludi i dansa'' (''Sunrise, interlude and dance'') (May 14) * 1940 Joaquín Rodrigo's '' Concierto de Aranjuez'' (November 9). * 1945 Xavier Montsalvatge's ''Cinco canciones negras'' (only the four first songs; the first performance of the five songs was given a few months after at the Ateneu Barcelonès); many other of the Montsalvatge's works have had their premieres at the palace. * 1946 Joaquín Rodrigo's ''Quatre cançons en llengua catalana'' (''Four songs in Catalan language''). and ''Tríptic de Mossèn Cinto'' (''

Jacint Verdaguer Jacint Verdaguer i Santaló (; 17 May 1845 – 10 June 1902) was a Catalan writer, regarded as one of the greatest poets of Catalan literature and a prominent literary figure of the Renaixença, a cultural revival movement of the late Rom ...

's triptych''), both song cycles for soprano and orchestra. * 1948 Xavier Montsalvatge's ''Simfonia mediterrània'' (''Mediterranean Symphony''). * 1952 Frederic Mompou's ''Cantar del alma'', choral version. * 1954 Salvador Bacarisse's 3rd Piano Concerto. * 1957 Salvador Espriu's play ''Primera història d'Esther''. * 1959 Joaquín Nin-Culmell's ballet ''Don Juan''. * 1960 Xavier Montsalvatge's ''Càntic espiritual''. * 1961 Frederic Mompou's ''Variacions sobre un tema de Chopin'' for orchestra; Joan Brossa's play ''Or i sal''. * 1963 Xavier Montsalvatge's ''Desintegració morfològica de la xacona de J. S. Bach'' (''Morphological disintegration of J.S. Bach's chaconne''); Josep Carner's play ''El Ben Cofat i l'altre''. * 1966 Joaquin Homs' String quartet no. 6; other of Homs's works have had their premieres at the palace: ''Invention for orchestra'' (1965), ''Presències'' for orchestra (1970), ''Dos soliloquis'' (1976), ''Brief symphony'' (1978), Nonet (1979). * 1967 Cristòfol Taltabull's oratorio ''La Passió'' (''Passion''). * 1971 Krzystof Penderecki's Prélude for winds, percussion and double basses. * 1974 Josep Soler's opera-oratorio ''Oedipus et Iocasta'' (many of Soler's works were first performed at the palace); Cristóbal Halffter's ''Oración a Platero'' for choir and orchestra. * 1977 Joaquín Rodrigo's ''Sonata a la breve'', for cello and piano. * 2017 Guido Lopez-Gavilan's ''Una Cancion de Amor'' (24 July), for choir (commissioned by the IFCM for the Ansan City Choir, on the occasion of the 11th World Symposium on Choral Music); Xavier Pages-Corella's ''Audito e un Canto'' (24 July), for choir (commissioned by the IFCM for The Rose Ensemble, on occasion of the 11th World Symposium on Choral Music); Jaakko Mantyjarvi's ''Juliet November Tango'' (27 July), for choir (commissioned by the IFCM for Elektra Women's Choir, on occasion of the 11th World Symposium on Choral Music).

References

Works Cited

* Cararach, Joan Anton, ''El Palau de la Música Catalana: simfonia d'un segle'', Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2007. ISBN . * Domènech i Girbau, Lluís. ''L'arquitectura del Palau''. Barcelona: Lunwerg Editores, 2000. ISBN . * Fahr-Becker G. ''Art Nouveau'', Königswinter: Tandem Verlag GmbH, 2004. ISBN . * Cazurra, Anna (2002).
The Symbolism of the Muses of the Palau de la Música Catalana
'' Research Center for Music Iconography, The Graduate Center, City University of New York. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41818710 *María Peña, José; and Snyder, Jon R (1992)., '' "Art-Nouveau" Stained Glass and Ironwork. .'' Florida International University Board of Trustees on behalf of The Wolfsonian-FIU. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1504097 * Burgen, Stephen (2023)
Barcelona's 'other' great architect: five of his finest buildings.
The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2023/feb/08/barcelona-other-great-architect-lluis-domenech-i-montaner-five-best-buildings

External links

*
City of Barcelona Catalan-language page on the Palau de la Música Catalana

UNESCO World Heritage List page on the Palau de la Música Catalana and the Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona

Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona
UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
Catalunya (Catalonia) page on the Palau de la Música Catalana

Photos

Play and Tour City Guides, 'Palau de la Música Catalana'

La Barcelona Modernista blog, 'Palau de la Música Catalana'
{{DEFAULTSORT:Palau De La Musica Catalana Lluís Domènech i Montaner buildings Modernisme architecture in Barcelona Visionary environments Theatres and concert halls in Barcelona World Heritage Sites in Catalonia Music venues completed in 1908 Sant Pere, Santa Caterina i la Ribera Art Nouveau theatres Music of Catalonia Ciutat Vella Tourist attractions in Barcelona 1908 establishments in Spain