The Palacio de Galiana is a
Mudéjar
Mudéjar were Muslims who remained in Iberia in the late medieval period following the Christian reconquest. It is also a term for Mudéjar art, which was greatly influenced by Islamic art, but produced typically by Christian craftsmen for C ...
palace in
Toledo, Spain
Toledo ( ; ) is a city and Municipalities of Spain, municipality of Spain, the capital of the province of Toledo and the ''de jure'' seat of the government and parliament of the autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castilla ...
, on the borders of the
Tagus River
The Tagus ( ; ; ) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales between Cuenca and Teruel, in mid-eastern Spain, flows , generally westward, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean in Lisbon.
Name
T ...
. It was built on the site of an earlier summer villa and garden of
Al-Mamun
Abū al-ʿAbbās Abd Allāh ibn Hārūn al-Maʾmūn (; 14 September 786 – 9 August 833), better known by his regnal name al-Ma'mun (), was the seventh Abbasid caliph, who reigned from 813 until his death in 833. His leadership was marked by t ...
, the king of the
Taifa of Toledo
The Taifa of Toledo () was an Islamic polity (''taifa'') located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula in the High Middle Ages. It was ruled by the Dhulnunids, a Hawwara Berber clan. It emerged after 1018 upon the fracturing of the Caliphate of ...
, in the thirteenth century by king
Alfonso X of Castile
Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, ; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, Kingdom of León, León and Kingdom of Galicia, Galicia from 1 June 1252 until his death in 1284. During the April 1257 Imperial election, election of 1 ...
.
Gardens
The garden area around the palace, called the 'Al-Munya al-Na‘ura' (the Water Wheel Orchard) or 'Huerta del Rey' (the king's garden) included a botanical garden of the pharmacologist
Ibn al-Wafid. The garden was also, possibly, the location of a
water clock
A water clock, or clepsydra (; ; ), is a timepiece by which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel, and where the amount of liquid can then be measured.
Water clocks are some of ...
, constructed by
Al-Zarqali
Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyā al-Naqqāsh al-Zarqālī al-Tujibi (); also known as Al-Zarkali or Ibn Zarqala (1029–1100), was an Arab maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer from the western part of the Islamic world.
...
.
20th century
From the 1950s onwards the Palacio de Galiana was restored and its present garden designed by the architects Manuel Gómez Moreno and Fernando Chueca Goitía under the auspices of its owner Carmen Marañón.
[Eduardo Mencos, ''Hidden Gardens of Spain'', Frances Lincoln Ltd, 2004, , p. 6]
(retrieved on November 27, 2008)
See also
*
Generalife
The Generalife (; ) was a summer palace and country estate of the Nasrid rulers of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus. It is located directly east of and uphill from the Alhambra palace complex in Granada, Spain.
Etymology
The most commonly c ...
*
Huerta de la Alcurnia
*
Spanish gardens
A traditional Spanish garden is a style of garden or designed landscape developed in historic Spain. Especially in the United States, the term tends to be used for a garden design style with a formal arrangement that evokes, usually not very pre ...
Notes
References
*Martínez Caviró, B., ''Mudéjar Toledano. Palacios y Conventos'', Madrid, 1980
External links
Thorough report and extensive references on the early history of the palace, photos and map at the bottom, on ''Middle East Gardens.com'' (retrieved on November 27, 2008)
*Photos of the Palacio de Galiana on ''Oronoz.com'
(retrieved on November 27, 2008)
*In Spanish: Jésus Téllez Rubio, "Dos Agrónomos Toledanos: Ibn Wâfid e Ibn Bassâl, y la Huerta del Rey" in: ''Tulaytula: Revista de la Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico'', ISSN 1575-653X, Nº. 4, 1999, pags. 49-58 (click on 'descargar' PDF
(retrieved on November 30, 2008)
*Julián Ramos Ramos, "Las almunias de la ciudad de Toledo", in: ''Tulaytula: Revista de la Asociación de Amigos del Toledo Islámico'', ISSN 1575-653X, Nº. 3, 1998, pags. 51-7
(click on 'descargar' PDF)
*''Wikimapia'
(retrieved on November 27, 2008)
* In Spanish, "La Historia de Fermosa" Abraham S. Marrache, Hebraica Ediciones 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20130607013300/http://lahistoriadefermosa.com/ : Palacio de Galiana was the backdrop to the love affair that took place in 1179, between King Alfonso VIII of Castile and Fermosa, the young Jewess from Toledo.
{{Authority control
Houses completed in the 13th century
Mudéjar architecture in Castilla–La Mancha
Gardens in Spain
Galiana
Tourist attractions in Toledo, Spain