Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6, also known as Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), is an

enzyme An enzyme () is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrate (chemistry), substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different mol ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPN6''

gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation.

N-terminal The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the amin ...

part of this PTP contains two tandem Src homolog ( SH2) domains, which act as protein phospho-tyrosine binding domains, and mediate the interaction of this PTP with its substrates. This PTP is expressed primarily in

hematopoietic Haematopoiesis (; ; also hematopoiesis in American English, sometimes h(a)emopoiesis) is the formation of blood cellular components. All cellular blood components are derived from haematopoietic stem cells. In a healthy adult human, roughly ten ...

cells, and functions as an important regulator of multiple signaling pathways in hematopoietic cells. This PTP has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of phospho-proteins involved in hematopoietic cell signaling, (e.g., the LYN-

CD22 CD22, or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins. It is found on the surface of mature B cells and to a lesser extent on some immature B cells. Generally speaking, CD22 is a regulatory molecule tha ...

SHP-1 Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6, also known as Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPN6'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member ...

pathway). Multiple alternatively spliced variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported.

Expression

SHP-1 gene has two promoters: P-1, active in epithelial cells, and P-2, active in hemopoietic cells. In addition the expression of SHP-1 is low in

epithelial Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of cells with little extracellular matrix. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. Epithelial ( mesothelial) tissues line the outer surfaces of man ...

cells and high in hemopoietic cells. SHP-1 level in epithelial cells increases and in hematopoietic cells decreases in cancer.

Interactions

PTPN6 has been shown to interact with: * BCR gene, *

CD117 Proto-oncogene c-KIT is the gene encoding the receptor tyrosine kinase protein known as tyrosine-protein kinase KIT, CD117 ( cluster of differentiation 117) or mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (SCFR). Multiple transcript variants encoding d ...

, *

CD31 Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PECAM1'' gene found on chromosome 17, chromosome17q23.3. PECAM-1 plays a key role in removi ...

, *

CTNND1 p120 catenin, or simply p120, also called catenin delta-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CTNND1'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a se ...

, * EGFR, * EPOR, * FCRL3, *

Grb2 Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, also known as Grb2, is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction/ cell communication. In humans, the GRB2 protein is encoded by the ''GRB2'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene binds recepto ...

, * HOXA10, * JAK2, * LAIR1, * LILRB2, * LILRB4, * Lck, * LCP2, *

PRKCD Protein kinase C delta type (or PKC-δ) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PRKCD'' gene. Function Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases that can be activated by the second messeng ...

, *

PTK2B Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTK2B'' gene. Function This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase that is involved in calcium-induced regulation of ion channels and activation of the ...

, * ROS1, * SIRPA, * SYK, and *

TYK2 Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''TYK2'' gene. TYK2 was the first member of the Janus kinase, JAK family that was described (the other members are Janus kinase 1, JAK1, Janus kinase 2, JAK2, ...

References

{{Protein tyrosine phosphatases