The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus ( it, Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro) (abbreviated OSSML) is a

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...

dynastic order of knighthood A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order is an order under royal patronage. Such an order is bestowed by, as a legitimate , a sovereign or the head of a once-sovereign ruling family. These are often considered part of the cultural pat ...

bestowed by the royal

House of Savoy The House of Savoy ( it, Casa Savoia) was a royal dynasty that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, the family grew in power from ruling a small Alpine county north-west of Italy to absolute rule of ...

. It is the second-oldest order of knighthood in the world, tracing its lineage to AD 1098, and it is one of the rare orders of knighthood recognized by papal bull, in this case by

Pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...

Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII ( la, Gregorius XIII; it, Gregorio XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585. He is best known for ...

. In that bull, Pope Gregory XIII bestowed upon

Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy Emmanuel Philibert ( it, Emanuele Filiberto; pms, Emanuel Filibert; 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580), known as ( pms, Testa 'd fer, links=no; "Ironhead", because of his military career), was Duke of Savoy from 1553 to 1580. He is remembered fo ...

and his Savoy successors, the right to confer this knighthood in perpetuity. The Grand Master is,

Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Naples (''Vittorio Emanuele Alberto Carlo Teodoro Umberto Bonifacio Amedeo Damiano Bernardino Gennaro Maria di Savoia'';''Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser'' XIV. "Haus Italien". C. ...

, also known as the Duke of Savoy, the eldest son of the last King of Italy,

Umberto II of Italy en, Albert Nicholas Thomas John Maria of Savoy , house = Savoy , father = Victor Emmanuel III of Italy , mother = Princess Elena of Montenegro , birth_date = , birth_place = Racconigi, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy , dea ...

. However Vittorio Emanuele's cousin once removed

Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta Prince Aimone, 4th Duke of Aosta (''Aimone Roberto Margherita Maria Giuseppe Torino''; 9 March 1900 – 29 January 1948) was a prince of Italy's reigning House of Savoy and an officer of the Royal Italian Navy. The second son of Prince Emanu ...

claims to be grand master as his father claimed to be head of the house of Savoy. The order was formerly awarded by the

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...

(1861–1946) with the heads of the House of Savoy as the

Kings of Italy Kings or King's may refer to: *Monarchs: The sovereign heads of states and/or nations, with the male being kings *One of several works known as the "Book of Kings": **The Books of Kings part of the Bible, divided into two parts **The ''Shahnameh'' ...

. Originally a

chivalric order An order of chivalry, order of knighthood, chivalric order, or equestrian order is an order of knights, typically founded during or inspired by the original Catholic military orders of the Crusades ( 1099–1291) and paired with medieval concep ...

of noble nature, it was restricted to subjects of noble families with proofs of at least eight noble great-grandparents. The order's military and noble nature was and is still combined with a Roman Catholic character. After the abolition of the monarchy and the foundation of the

Italian Republic Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

in 1946, the legacy of the order is maintained by the pretenders of the House of Savoy and the Italian throne in exile. The order is estimated to include about 2,000 members around the world, with about 200 in the United States. The Order also has roster consultative status with the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

, as part of the U.N.'s

ECOSOC The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC; french: links=no, Conseil économique et social des Nations unies, ) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, responsible for coordinating the economic and social fields ...

History

Both crosses from its two forerunners still exist in the insignia of their subsequent successor, today's Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, founded by amalgation in 1572. File:Lazarus_cross.svg, The green-enameled

Maltese Cross The Maltese cross is a cross symbol, consisting of four " V" or arrowhead shaped concave quadrilaterals converging at a central vertex at right angles, two tips pointing outward symmetrically. It is a heraldic cross variant which developed f ...

of the

Order of Saint Lazarus The Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, also known as the Leper Brothers of Jerusalem or simply as Lazarists, was a Catholic military order (monastic society), military order founded by crusaders around 1119 at a leprosy, leper hospital in Jerus ...

, founded c. 1119 File:Cross_of_saint_Maurice.svg, The white-enameled

cross bottony A number of cross symbols were developed for the purpose of the emerging system of heraldry, which appeared in Western Europe in about 1200. This tradition is partly in the use of the Christian cross an emblem from the 11th century, and increasi ...

of the

Order of Saint Maurice The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus ( it, Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro) (abbreviated OSSML) is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood bestowed by the royal House of Savoy. It is the second-oldest order of knighthood in the w ...

, founded in 1434 File:Cross_of_saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus.svg, Combined

and

,
of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus

Order of Saint Lazarus (1119)

The

, founded c. 1119, can be traced to the establishment around 1100, of a hospital for

leprosy Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria ''Mycobacterium leprae'' or ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''. Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This nerve damag ...

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem ( la, Regnum Hierosolymitanum; fro, Roiaume de Jherusalem), officially known as the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem or the Frankish Kingdom of Palestine,Example (title of works): was a Crusader state that was establishe ...

, by a group of

crusaders The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were in ...

who called themselves "Brothers of Saint Lazarus". Those knights protected

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

pilgrims to the

Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. The term "Holy ...

. From its inception, the order was concerned with the relief of leprosy and other illnesses, and many of its members were lepers who had been

knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...

s in other orders. It became rich, its practices dubious, and its funds eventually abused. With the

fall of Acre The siege of Acre (also called the fall of Acre) took place in 1291 and resulted in the Crusaders losing control of Acre to the Mamluks. It is considered one of the most important battles of the period. Although the crusading movement continu ...

in 1291, the Knights of Saint Lazarus emigrated from the

and

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...

and settled in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

and, in 1311, in

Naples Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...

. In the 16th century, the order declined in credibility and wealth. With papal support, the

Duke of Savoy The titles of count, then of duke of Savoy are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy. Since its creation, in the 11th century, the county was held by the House of Savoy. The County of Savoy was elevated to a Duchy of Sav ...

became Grand Master in 1572. During medieval times, the Order of Saint Lazarus maintained a number of hospitals, including an institution in the Italian city of

Capua Capua ( , ) is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Caserta, in the region of Campania, southern Italy, situated north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain. History Ancient era The name of Capua comes from the Etrusc ...

Order of Saint Maurice (1434)

The Order of Saint Maurice was established in 1434 by Amedeo VIII of Savoy, during his stay in the

Ripaglia Thonon-les-Bains (; frp, Tonon), often simply referred to as Thonon, is a subprefecture of the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. In 2018, the commune had a population of 35,241. Thonon-les-Bains is p ...

hermitage near

Thonon Thonon-les-Bains (; frp, Tonon), often simply referred to as Thonon, is a subprefecture of the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. In 2018, the commune had a population of 35,241. Thonon-les-Bains is ...

, named after

Saint Maurice Saint Maurice (also Moritz, Morris, or Mauritius; ) was an Egyptians, Egyptian military leader who headed the legendary Theban Legion of Roman Empire, Rome in the 3rd century, and is one of the favorite and most widely venerated saints of that Ma ...

of the

Theban Legion The Theban Legion (also known as the Martyrs of Agaunum) figures in Christian hagiography as a Roman legion from Egypt—"six thousand six hundred and sixty-six men"—who converted en masse to Christianity and were martyred together in 286, acc ...

. From its beginning, it was a

military order Military order may refer to: Orders * Military order (religious society), confraternity of knights originally established as religious societies during the medieval Crusades for protection of Christianity and the Catholic Church Military organi ...

. The order declined, but in 1572 was reestablished by

Pope Pius V Pope Pius V ( it, Pio V; 17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572), born Antonio Ghislieri (from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri, O.P.), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1566 to his death in May 1572. He is v ...

at the instigation of the then-Duke of Savoy.

Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572)

Charles_Felix_as_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation

Carlo_Alberto_nelle_vesti_di_Gran_Maestro_dell%27Ordine_del_Mauriziano

In 1572, Pope

united the Order of Saint Lazarus in perpetuity with the Crown of Savoy.

, merged it with the Savoyan Order of Saint Maurice, and thenceforth the title of Grand Master of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus was hereditary in that house. The pope gave him authority over the vacant commanderies everywhere, except in the states of the

King of Spain , coatofarms = File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg , coatofarms_article = Coat of arms of the King of Spain , image = Felipe_VI_in_2020_(cropped).jpg , incumbent = Felipe VI , incumbentsince = 19 Ju ...

, which included the greater part of Italy. In England and Germany, these commanderies were suppressed by the

Protestant reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...

. The new organization was charged to defend the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome ...

and Italian shores, as well as continue to assist the sick. The war

galley A galley is a type of ship that is propelled mainly by oars. The galley is characterized by its long, slender hull, shallow draft, and low freeboard (clearance between sea and gunwale). Virtually all types of galleys had sails that could be used ...

s of the order fought against the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

and the

Barbary pirates The Barbary pirates, or Barbary corsairs or Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim pirates and privateers who operated from North Africa, based primarily in the ports of Salé, Rabat, Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, Libya, Tripoli. This area was known i ...

with the

United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combi ...

. When leprosy again broke out, the order founded a hospital in

Aosta Aosta (, , ; french: Aoste , formerly ; frp, Aoûta , ''Veulla'' or ''Ouhta'' ; lat, Augusta Praetoria Salassorum; wae, Augschtal; pms, Osta) is the principal city of Aosta Valley, a bilingual region in the Italian Alps, north-northwest of ...

in 1773.

Kingdom Italy (1861–1946)

With the

Italian unification The unification of Italy ( it, Unità d'Italia ), also known as the ''Risorgimento'' (, ; ), was the 19th-century political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single ...

(1860-1871), the order became a ''de facto'' Italian state order for military and civilian merits, consisting of five classes:

Knight Grand Cross Grand Cross is the highest class in many orders, and manifested in its insignia. Exceptionally, the highest class may be referred to as Grand Cordon or equivalent. In other cases, there may exist a rank even higher than Grand Cross, e.g. Grand ...

, Knight Grand

Officer An officer is a person who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization. The term derives from Old French ''oficier'' "officer, official" (early 14c., Modern French ''officier''), from Medieval Latin ''officiarius'' "an officer," fro ...

Knight Commander Commander ( it, Commendatore; french: Commandeur; german: Komtur; es, Comendador; pt, Comendador), or Knight Commander, is a title of honor prevalent in chivalric orders and fraternal orders. The title of Commander occurred in the medieval mili ...

, Knight Officer and

Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...

. The formerly related

Maurician medal The Maurician medal is an honorary degree granted to a soldier, after 50 years of service in the Italian army (the commanding years are added afterward). This medal was established by Carlo Alberto di Savoia, on 19 July 1839 on decree of the Reg ...

for Military Merit of fifty years, established in 1839, was one of the few medals not suppressed by the Italian republic, becoming the Maurician medal of Merit for 50 years military career in 1954. Brought back in favour by King

Victor Emmanuel II of Italy en, Victor Emmanuel Maria Albert Eugene Ferdinand Thomas , house = Savoy , father = Charles Albert of Sardinia , mother = Maria Theresa of Austria , religion = Roman Catholicism , image_size = 252px , succession1 ...

, the order was sparingly conferred for distinguished service in military and civilian affairs as an exclusive award compared with the more common

Order of the Crown of Italy The Order of the Crown of Italy ( it, Ordine della Corona d'Italia, italic=no or OCI) was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861. It was awarded in five degrees for civi ...

Dynastic chivalric order bestowed in exile (1946-)

After Italy became a republic in 1946, the order was effectively replaced by the government's

Order of Merit of the Italian Republic The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( it, Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi. The highest-ranking ...

. Since 1951 it has not been officially recognized by the Italian republic, but remains recognized by most other jurisdictions, particularly those with extant royal houses.

Organisation

Great_coat_of_arms_of_the_king_of_italy_(1890-1946)

The House of Savoy in exile continues to bestow the order on recipients eminent in the public service, science, art, letters, trade, and charitable works. While the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted in Italy, the crowns on the ribbons issued before 1946 must be substituted for as many five pointed stars on military uniforms. Eventually, it became a requirement for a person to have already received the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus before receiving the

Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation ( it, Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) is a Roman Catholic order of chivalry, originating in Savoy. It eventually was the pinnacle of the honours system in the Kingdom of Italy, which ce ...

. The generally accepted Grand Master of the order is

, the current head of the House of Savoy. However, some of Vittorio Emanule's policies as Grand Master have generated controversy. In 2006, Vittorio Emanuele's third cousin,

Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (b. 1943) Prince Amedeo, 3rd Duke of Aosta (Amedeo Umberto Isabella Luigi Filippo Maria Giuseppe Giovanni di Savoia-Aosta; 21 October 1898 – 3 March 1942) was the third Duke of Aosta and a first cousin, once removed of the King of Italy, Victor Emma ...

, declared himself head of the Savoy dynasty and thus Sovereign ''

de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' ( ; , "by law") describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. In contrast, ("in fact") describes situations that exist in reality, even if not legally ...

'', but no one has recognized that claim.

Grades

According to the Statutes, the Order is divided into five classes for the Knights (male members): *''Knight Grand Cordon'', who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip and the badge as well as star are worn on the left side; *''Grand Officer'', who wear a necklet plus the star on the left chest; *''Commander'', who wear a necklet; *''Officer'', who wear a medal in Gold on the left side of the chest; *''Knight'', who wear a smaller Medal in Silver on the left side of the chest. For female members the Order is divided into in three classes: *''Dame Grand Cordon'', wearing a sash similar to that of their male counterparts *''Dame Commander'', who wear on a necklet. During daydress: wear a bow formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest. During evening wear: bow formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest) *''Dame'', who wear a smaller necklet; During daydress and evening wear: bow formed medal worn on the left side of the chest Special Class of the Order: *''Knight Grand Cordon, Special Class'', For the Grand Master of the Order; who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip, the badge as well as star which is worn on the left side of the stomach are in Brilliants

Insignia

*The ''badge'' of the order is in gilt, consists of a white-enameled

of the Order of Saint Maurice, with a green-enameled

, the Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus, placed in

saltire A saltire, also called Saint Andrew's Cross or the crux decussata, is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross, like the shape of the letter X in Roman type. The word comes from the Middle French ''sautoir'', Medieval Latin ''saltator ...

between the arms of the cross botonny. The badge of each class except that of Knight and Dame is topped by a gilt crown. *The ''star'' of the Order is a silver faceted star, with eight points for Grand Cross and four points for Grand Officer, and with the badge (minus the crown) superimposed upon it. *The ''breast cross'' for the Commander "jus patronato" class is identical to the badge, minus the crown. *The ''ribbon'' of the Order is apple green, with slight variations for the several classes:

List of Grand Masters

(1572-1580) #

Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel I ( it, Carlo Emanuele di Savoia; 12 January 1562 – 26 July 1630), known as the Great, was the Duke of Savoy from 1580 to 1630. He was nicknamed (, in context "the Hot-Headed") for his rashness and military aggression. Being ...

(1580-1630) #

Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy Victor Amadeus I ( it, Vittorio Amedeo I di Savoia; 8 May 1587 – 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also known as the ''Lion of Susa''.Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy Francis Hyacinth ( it, Francesco Giacinto; 14 September 1632 – 4 October 1638) was Duke of Savoy from 1637 to 1638 under regency of his mother Christine Marie. Biography Born at the Castle of Valentino in Turin he was the eldest surviving s ...

(1637-1638) #

Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel II ( it, Carlo Emanuele II di Savoia); 20 June 1634 – 12 June 1675) was Duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675 and under regency of his mother Christine of France until 1648. He was also Marquis of Saluzzo, Count of Aosta, Geneva, Mo ...

(1638-1675) #

Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia Victor Amadeus II (Vittorio Amedeo Francesco; 14 May 166631 October 1732) was Duke of Savoy from 1675 to 1730. He also held the titles of Prince of Piedmont, Duke of Montferrat, Marquis of Saluzzo and Count of Aosta, Moriana and Nice. Louis XIV ...

(1675-1731) #

Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia Charles Emmanuel III (27 April 1701 – 20 February 1773) was Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia from 1730 until his death. Biography He was born in Turin to Victor Amadeus II of Savoy and his first wife the French Anne Marie d'Orléans. Hi ...

(1732-1773) # Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (1773-1796) # Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia (1796-1802) # Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia (1802-1824) # Charles Felix of Sardinia (1824-1831) # Charles Albert of Sardinia (1831-1849) #

(1849-1878) # Umberto I of Italy (1878-1900) # Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (1900-1946) #

(1946-1983) #

(1983-) (contested by Prince Aimone, Duke of Apulia, Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta 2021-)

The council

The council is responsible for running the order, the order focuses mainly on charitable acts. * Chairman: Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice * Vice Chairman: Antonio d’Amelio * Grand Chancellor: Theo Niederhauser * Grand Treasurer: Nicolas Gagnebin * Grand Prior: Monsignor Paolo de Nicolò * Grand Master of Ceremonies: Professor, Prof. Alberto Bochicchio * His Serene Highness, HSH Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz, Mariano Hugo Windisch Graetz * His Serene Highness, HSH Prince Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps * Duke Giancarlo Melzi d’Eril dei Duchi di Lodi * Count Carlo Buffa dei Conti di Perrero – Honorary Member

The Junta

The Junta is responsible for voting in new

or Dame to the dynastic order on behalf of the grand master,

. There are always five members of the Junta to ensure that there is never an equal count in votes for and against a new possible new

or Dame. * Serene Highness, HSH Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps – President * Marquess Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini – Secretary * Baron Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada * Gualtiero Ventura * Federico Pizzi

Recipients in selection

Artemisia_Gentileschi_Condottiero_Bologna

Ritratto_di_Giovanni_Battista_Cacherano_di_Bricherasio_-_Anonimo

Monarchs

* Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria * Emperor Wilhelm II, German Emperor, Wilhelm II of the German Empire * Emperor Nicholas II of Russia * Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia * King Zog I of Albania, Zog I of Albania * King George V of the United Kingdom * Emperor Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar of Persia * Prince and Grand Master Andrew Bertie of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta * Maharaja Jagatjit Singh * Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana * Mihailo Obrenović of Serbia *Abbas I of Egypt

Military

* General of the Armies John Pershing * General of the Army (United States), General of the Army George Marshall * Field Marshal Walther von Brauchitsch * Field Marshal Francisco Solano López * General Matthew Ridgway, Matthew Bunker Ridgway * General :fr:François d'Astier de La Vigerie, François d'Astier de La Vigerie * General Tasker H. Bliss * General Mark W. Clark * General Ira C. Eaker * General Peyton C. March * Admiral Ernesto BurzagliSenato della Repubblica
biographical summary
/ref> * Surgeon Rear-Admiral Arthur Skey * Major General Ulysses S. Grant III * Major General Mason PatrickHead, William Pace (1995). Every Inch a Soldier: Augustine Warner Robins and the Building of U.S. Airpower Volume 37 of Texas A & M University military history series. Texas A&M University Press, 1995: Issue 37, p. 75 , 9780890965900 https://books.google.com/books?id=5utyzXwyh1MC&pg=PA75&dq=italian+order+of+st.+maurice+and+st.+lazarus+%22mason+patrick%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji4JmHj7LjAhUVV80KHb7XCDQQ6AEILTAA#v=onepage&q=italian%20order%20of%20st.%20maurice%20and%20st.%20lazarus%20%22mason%20patrick%22&f=false Retrieved November 2, 2012. * Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Richard Byrd * Brigadier General Billy Mitchell * Naval Captain Emilio Faà di Bruno * Flight Commander Douglas Harries * SS-Obergruppenführer Hans Lammers * Chom Phon, Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram * Brigadier General Evan M. Johnson * Brigadier General Walter McCaw * Charles R. Train (admiral), Charles R. Train

Politics

* Diplomat Isaac Artom * Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1921 * Enrico d’Arienzo, Prefect of Caltanisetta 1925 * Henri Jaspar * Charles de Broqueville * Charles Rogier * Baron Edmond de Sélys Longchamps * President Porfirio Díaz *Dr Hans Frank, 26.9.1936 * Minister of foreign affairs Giustino Fortunato (1777-1862), Giustino Fortunato * Member of Parliament Cristiana Muscardini * Diplomat Jose Maria Quijano WallisPapel Periódico Ilustrado Volúmen 1 año I Número 1 al 14
* Luigi, Count Cibrario * Oswald von Richthofen, Baron Oswald von Richthofen, Minister for Foreign Affairs (Germany), State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire - ''August 1902'' - during the visit to Germany of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy * President of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition and Former St. Louis Mayor David R. Francis * Mayor Rudolph Giuliani of New York City (2001) Cavaliere di Gran Croce (Motu Proprio) * Aldo Oviglio, Minister of Justice (1922–1925) * James Charles Risk of New York City, Cavaliere di Gran Croce, originally inducted by the last reigning King of Italy,

*Benito Mussolini, Prime Minister of Italy and Duce of Fascism

Culture

* Architect Carlo Rainaldi

Priests

* Pietro Tacchi Venturi * Agostino Rivarola * Tommaso Reggio * Timothy M. Dolan * Désiré-Joseph Mercier, Désiré-Félicien-François-Joseph Mercier * Andrea Carlo Ferrari

Sciences

* Charles Combes * Giovanni Miani, explorer * Giuseppe Peano * Joseph Vallot

Philanthropy

* Thomas Hanbury * J. P. Morgan

Recipients (amongst others)

* Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice,

Grand Cross * Clotilde Courau, Princess of Venice * Princess Vittoria of Savoy, ''Princess of Carignano'' Marchioness of Ivrea * Princess Luisa of Savoy * Marina Doria, Princess of Naples and Duchess of Savoy * Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma * Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy * Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy * Prince Dimitri of Yugoslavia * Prince Michael of Yugoslavia * Prince Sergius of Yugoslavia * Princess Helen of Yugoslavia * Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro * Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro * Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz

Grand Cross * Prince Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps

Grand Cross * Marquess Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini

Grand Cross * Baron Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada

Grand Cross * Professor, Prof. Alberto Bochicchio

Grand Cross * Count Carlo Buffa dei Conti di Perrero

Grand Cross * Count, Count Giuseppe Rizzani

Grand Cross * Rudy Giuliani

Grand Cross * Giovanni Cheli

Grand Cross * Duke Giancarlo Melzi d'Eril

Grand Cross * Count Andrea Boezio Bertinotti Alliata * Andrea Rivoira

Grand Cross * Antonio d’Amelio

Grand Cross * Franca Sciaraffia Dame Grand Cross * Nicolas Gagnebin

Grand Cross * Theo Niederhauser

Grand Cross * Monsignor Paolo de Nicolò

Grand Cross * Alberto Di Maria Knight Grand Officer * Dame Zina Losapio * Alessandro Santini * Alberico Guerzoni * Giovanni Cheli * Rudy Giuliani

References

Notes

External links

Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy

American Delegation of Savoy Orders

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maurice and Lazarus, Order of Saints Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, 1572 establishments in Italy, Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Order of History of Catholicism in Italy

History

Order of Saint Lazarus (1119)

Order of Saint Maurice (1434)

Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572)

Kingdom Italy (1861–1946)

Dynastic chivalric order bestowed in exile (1946-)

Organisation

Grades

Insignia

List of Grand Masters

The council

The Junta

Recipients in selection

Monarchs

Military

Politics

Culture

Priests

Sciences

Philanthropy

Recipients (amongst others)

See also

References

Notes

External links