UralVagonZavod (russian: ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод», , Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation Uralvagonzavod") is a Russian machine-building company located in

Nizhny Tagil Nizhny Tagil ( rus, Нижний Тагил, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj tɐˈgʲil) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located east of the boundary between Asia and Europe. Population: History The prehistor ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

. It is one of the largest scientific and industrial complexes in Russia and the largest

main battle tank A main battle tank (MBT), also known as a battle tank or universal tank, is a tank that fills the role of armor-protected direct fire and maneuver in many modern armies. Cold War-era development of more powerful engines, better suspension sys ...

manufacturer in the world. The name ''Уралвагонзавод'' means ''Ural Railroad Car (wagon) Factory''.

History

The plant was built during 1931–1936 (mostly during the second Soviet five-year plan), launched on October 11, 1936, and named after

Felix Dzerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky ( pl, Feliks Dzierżyński ; russian: Фе́ликс Эдму́ндович Дзержи́нский; – 20 July 1926), nicknamed "Iron Felix", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and official, born into Poland, Polish n ...

. Initially it manufactured

freight car A railroad car, railcar (American and Canadian English), railway wagon, railway carriage, railway truck, railwagon, railcarriage or railtruck (British English and UIC), also called a train car, train wagon, train carriage or train truck, is ...

s. After the German invasion of 1941,

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

ordered hundreds of factories in Ukraine and western Russia to be evacuated east. The

KhPZ The Malyshev Factory ( uk , Завод імені В.О. Малишева, translit=Zavod imeni V.O. Malysheva; abbreviated ), formerly the Kharkov Locomotive Factory (, ), is a state-owned manufacturer of heavy equipment in Kharkiv, Ukraine. It ...

Factory No. 183 in

Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

it became the largest producer of

tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engin ...

s in the world, including the

T-34 The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank introduced in 1940. When introduced its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was less powerful than its contemporaries while its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against Anti-tank warfare, anti-tan ...

. For its services, Uralvagonzavod received several honorary awards over 1941–1945, including the

Order of the Red Banner of Labour The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (russian: Орден Трудового Красного Знамени, translit=Orden Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to th ...

(1942),

Order of the Red Banner The Order of the Red Banner (russian: Орден Красного Знамени, Orden Krasnogo Znameni) was the first Soviet military decoration. The Order was established on 16 September 1918, during the Russian Civil War by decree of th ...

(1943),

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (russian: Орден Ленина, Orden Lenina, ), named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was established by the Central Executive Committee on April 6, 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration b ...

(1944),

Order of the Patriotic War The Order of the Patriotic War (russian: Орден Отечественной войны, Orden Otechestvennoy voiny) is a Soviet military decoration that was awarded to all soldiers in the Soviet armed forces, security troops, and to partisan ...

(1945). After the war, tank production was scaled down, and part of the Vagonka's manufacturing and design assets were transferred back to Kharkiv's Diesel Factory No. 75 during 1945–1951. Uralvagonzavod was expanded to produce other kinds of machinery: agricultural, construction, aviation, and space, including design and production of the

Vostok Vostok refers to east in Russian but may also refer to: Spaceflight * Vostok programme, Soviet human spaceflight project * Vostok (spacecraft), a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union * Vostok (rocket family), family of rockets derived from ...

, Voskhod,

Proton A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol , H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 ''e'' elementary charge. Its mass is slightly less than that of a neutron and 1,836 times the mass of an electron (the proton–electron mass ...

and Energia

expendable rocket An expendable launch system (or expendable launch vehicle/ELV) is a launch vehicle that can be launched only once, after which its components are either destroyed during reentry or discarded in space. ELVs typically consist of several rocket sta ...

s. It is the location of the Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau (OKB-520) where the

T-54A The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War. The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945.Steven Zaloga, T-54 and T-55 Main Battle Tanks ...

and

T-55 The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War. The first T-54 prototype was completed at Nizhny Tagil by the end of 1945.Steven Zaloga, T-54 and T-55 Main Battle Tanks ...

(development of Morozov's T-54),

T-62 The T-62 is a Soviet Union, Soviet main battle tank that was first introduced in 1961. As a further development of the T-54/T-55, T-55 series, the T-62 retained many similar design elements of its predecessor including low profile and thick ...

T-72 The T-72 is a family of Soviet/Russian main battle tanks that entered production in 1969. The T-72 was a development of the T-64, which was troubled by high costs and its reliance on immature developmental technology. About 25,000 T-72 tanks ha ...

, and

T-90 The T-90 is a third-generation Russian main battle tank. It uses a 125mm 2A46 smoothbore main gun, the 1A45T fire-control system, an upgraded engine, and gunner's thermal sight. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel and compos ...

tanks have been designed, and was working on one possibility for a next-generation main battle tank, rumored to be called the

T-95 T-95 is the common informal designation of the Russian fourth-generation main battle tank internally designated as the Object 195, that was under development at Uralvagonzavod from 1988 until its cancelation in 2010. Little about the tank is pub ...

, until this project was cancelled in May 2010. It also manufactures Russia's newest main battle tank, the

T-14 Armata The T-14 Armata ( rus, Т-14 «Армата»; industrial designation russian: Объект 148, Ob'yekt 148, Object 148), is a next-generation Russian main battle tank based on the Armata Universal Combat Platform. The Russian Army initially p ...

. On July 16, 2014, the

Obama administration Barack Obama's tenure as the 44th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2009, and ended on January 20, 2017. A Democrat from Illinois, Obama took office following a decisive victory over Republican ...

imposed sanctions through the

US Department of Treasury The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States, where it serves as an executive department. The department oversees the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and t ...

Office of Foreign Assets Control The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is a financial intelligence and enforcement agency of the U.S. Treasury Department. It administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions in support of U.S. national security and foreign policy ob ...

(OFAC) by adding Uralvagonzavod and other entities to the

Specially Designated Nationals List The Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List, also known as the SDN List, is a United States government sanctions/embargo measure targeting U.S.-designated terrorists, officials and beneficiaries of certain authoritarian regimes, a ...

(SDN) in retaliation for the ongoing annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation and the Russian interference in Ukraine. As of December 27, 2016, UVZ has been transferred to

Rostec Rostec ( rus, Ростех, p=, r=Rostekh), officially the State Corporation for Assistance to Development, Production and Export of Advanced Technology Industrial Product Rostec (russian: Государственная корпорация по � ...

, following a presidential decree.

Operations

The company's main products include railway cars, tanks, road-building vehicles, agricultural vehicles such as the

RT-M-160 The RT-M-160 («РТ-М-160») - is an agricultural tractor model manufactured by Uralvagonzavod UralVagonZavod (russian: ОАО «Научно-производственная корпорация «УралВагонЗавод», , Open J ...

, metallurgical products, tools and consumer goods. Production of

main battle tanks accounts for 18–20% of the company's overall production. In 2008, Uralvagozavod produced about 175 tanks, including 62 T-90As for the

Russian Ministry of Defense The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (russian: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации, Минобороны России, informally abbreviated as МО, МО РФ or Minoboron) is the govern ...

and 60 T-90Ss for

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

. This represents the highest level of tank production at UralVagonZavod and in Russia as a whole since 1993. Moreover, according to

Moscow Defense Brief ''Moscow Defense Brief'' is an English-language defense magazine published by Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies (CAST), an independent defense think-tank in Moscow, Russia.

, it would appear that in 2008 the number of tanks produced by the company was greater than the number of main battle tanks produced by all the other countries of the world taken together. Railway cars and other civilian production amounted to two-thirds of the company's overall output in 2008. In 2011, the company's revenue was $3 billion, and net profit was $0.33 billion.

Subsidiaries

Structure of the holding: *

UralTransMash Uraltransmash (russian: Уральский завод транспортного машиностроения) is a company based in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Currently it is a subsidiary of Uralvagonzavod. Uraltransmash is Russia's primary producer ...

, Ekaterinburg * Plant №9, Ekaterinburg *

Kamensk-Uralsky Foundry Kamensk-Uralsky (russian: Ка́менск-Ура́льский) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast Sverdlovsk Oblast ( rus, Свердловская область, Sverdlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia located in t ...

, Kamensk-Uralsky *

Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (russian: Челябинский тракторный завод, Chelyabinskiy traktornyy zavod, abbreviated , ) also known as CTZ-Uraltrak (''ЧТЗ-УРАЛТРАК'') is a tractor construction plant in the Russian ...

-URALTRAK, Chelyabinsk *

NPO Electromashina NPO may refer to: Medicine * ''Nil per os'', Latin for "nothing by mouth", a medical instruction to withhold oral intake of food and fluids * neurogenic pulmonary oedema Science * North Pacific Oscillation, a teleconnection pattern in atmospheri ...

, Chelyabinsk * Uralkriomash, Nizhny Tagil *

VNIITransmash Mobile Vehicle Engineering Institute (russian: ВНИИТрансмаш, VNIITransmash) is a company based in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is currently part of Uralvagonzavod. It designed and built prototypes of tanks, including the T-80, for the ...

, St. Petersburg * Burevestnik Central Scientific Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod *

Central Research Institute of Materials Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...

, St. Petersburg *

Research Institute of Engines Research is "creativity, creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular att ...

, Moscow * Tomsk Electrotechnical Plant, Tomsk * Tver Wagon Works, Tver * Ural Scientific Research Technological Institute, Ekaterinburg * Scientific and Production Company for the Introduction of Scientific and Engineering and Technical Innovations, Leningrad Oblast * Ural Design Bureau of Transport Engineering, Nizhny Tagil *

Omsktransmash Omsktransmash (russian: Омский завод транспортного машиностроения, , Omsk transport machine factory) is a wholly state-owned engineering company based in the city of Omsk, Russia. The company was best known i ...

, Omsk * Spetsmash, St. Petersburg * Murom Special Design Bureau, Murom * UBT-Uralvagonzavod, Nizhny Tagil * UVZ-Logistic, Moscow * Machine Building Company Vityaz, Ishimbay * UralVagonZavod-Trans, Moscow *

Yurga Machine-Building Plant Yurga Machine-Building Plant (russian: Юргинский машиностроительный завод) is a company based in Yurga, Russia. Since 2015 it is part of Uralvagonzavod. Yurga Machine-Building Plant produces missile launchers for Ru ...

, Yurga * North-West Scientific and Technological Complex, St. Petersburg * UVZ-Media Service, Nizhny Tagil * UVZ-Energo, Nizhny Tagil * UBT-Ecology, Nizhny Tagil * Ural Design Bureau of Carriage Building, Nizhny Tagil *

560 Armored Repair Plant 56 may refer to: * 56 (number) * one of the years 56 BC, AD 56, 1856, 1956, 2056 * 56.com, a Chinese online video platform * Fiftysix, Arkansas, unincorporated community in United States * Fifty-Six, Arkansas, city in United States * "Fifty Six", a ...

, Belogorsky District, Amur Oblast * 144 Armored Repair Plant, Ekaterinburg *

103 Armored Repair Plant 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit (measurement), unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment ...

, Transbaikal Krai * 163 Armored Repair Plant, Krasnodar Krai *

81 Armored Repair Plant 81 may refer to: * 81 (number) * one of the years 81 BC, AD 81, 1981, 2081 * Nickname for the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club. "H" is the eighth letter of the alphabet, and "A" is the first. See also

* * List of highways numbered {{Numberdis ...

, Krasnodar Krai *

192 Central Plant of Railway Engineering Nineteen or 19 may refer to: * 19 (number), the natural number following 18 and preceding 20 * one of the years 19 BC, AD 19, 1919, 2019 Films * ''19'' (film), a 2001 Japanese film * ''Nineteen'' (film), a 1987 science fiction film Music ...

, Bryansk * 61 Armored Repair Plant, St. Petersburg * 41 Central Plant of Railway Engineering, Moscow Oblast * JSC Central Research Institute Petrel

References

Literature

* * * *

External links

* * {{Authority control Defence companies of Russia Defence companies of the Soviet Union Military vehicle manufacturers Manufacturing companies established in 1936 1936 establishments in the Soviet Union Companies based in Sverdlovsk Oblast Companies formerly listed on the Moscow Exchange Nizhny Tagil Rostec Ministry of the Defense Industry (Soviet Union) Russian entities subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions