The Order of the Württemberg Crown (''Orden der Württembergischen Krone'') was an order of chivalry in

Württemberg Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart. Together with Baden and Province of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern, two other histo ...

History

First established in 1702 as the (Hunting Order of St Hubert), in 1807 it was renamed the (Knightly Order of the Golden Eagle) by Frederick I, and on 23 September 1818 renewed and restructured (at the same time as the civil orders) by

William I William I may refer to: Kings * William the Conqueror (–1087), also known as William I, King of England * William I of Sicily (died 1166) * William I of Scotland (died 1214), known as William the Lion * William I of the Netherlands and Luxembour ...

as the Order of the Württemberg Crown with (initially) 3 classes (grand cross,

commander Commander (commonly abbreviated as Cmdr.) is a common naval officer rank as well as a job title in many army, armies. Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organizations, including several police forces. In several countri ...

, knight). In 1889 and 1892, the order was expanded and changed. Its motto reads ' ('fearless and loyal'). Until 1913 the higher orders were restricted to the nobility. In descending order, its ranks were: # Knight Grand Cross, Special Class (for sovereigns) # Knight Grand Cross # Knight Commander (since 1889) # Commander # Cross of Honour (; since 1892) # Knight (since 1892 with golden lions, and since 1864 also with a crown, as a special honour) # Gold service medal () # Silver service medal (, abolished 1892)

Insignia

Cross

The order's cross was a white enameled Maltese cross with gold lions in its four angles. The lions came as standard for the grand cross and Komtur, but were only on knight's crosses as a special honour. On the upper arm, a golden crown was secured by means of two gold bands, from which – except in the honour cross in stuck form – the cross hung. The medallion was gold and blue on the front, and in the middle were the golden initials of king Frederick I and a crown – on the back was a golden crown, on red. All grades could since 1866 be awarded with swords. With the changes of 1890, the swords were only granted in awards of a higher class. Since 1892 the lowest grades (1870–1886 knight 2nd class, after that honour-cross) also had the special honours of golden lion and (since 1864) lion added.

Stars

The grand-cross was a silver 8-pointed star in whose middle was a reduced cross in a medallion with a circular motto in the centre. Sovereigns received the star in gold. The Komtur (since 1889 no longer of the Komtur with star) had a 4-pointed silver star whose rays went through the cross angles.

Ribbon

The ribbon was

carmine Carmine ()also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the Cochineal, cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson Lake pigment, lake, or carmine lake is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium coordination complex, compl ...

red with black stripes and carmine borders. Members of reigning houses received insignia of the grand-cross with a ribbon in scarlet.

Awards

Many awards were made – in the

First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

alone, the numbers were: *Gold Verdienstmedaille: 141 *Knight cross with swords: insgesamt ca. 350 *Knight cross with swords and lions: 80 *Ehrenkreuz with swords: ca. 160 *Komtur with swords: 75 *Komtur with star and swords: 6 *Grand cross with swords: 6 As an extraordinary instance, the grand-cross "in Brillanten" was granted to

Reichskanzler The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal government of Germany. The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch. T ...

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in 1871. * Grand Crosses **

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** Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948) ** Duke Adam of Württemberg ** Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe ** Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg **

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** Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg ** Adolphus Frederick V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz **

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** Albert of Saxony ** Prince Albert of Saxony (1875–1900) ** Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen **

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** Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906) **

Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg Albrecht, Duke and Crown Prince of Württemberg (Albrecht Maria Alexander Philipp Joseph; 23 December 1865 – 31 October 1939) was the last crown prince of the Kingdom of Württemberg, a German military commander of World War I, and the head of ...

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** Alexander of Battenberg **

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** Duke Alexander of Oldenburg ** Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1771–1833) ** Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1804–1881) **

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** Alexander, Prince of Orange ** Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia ** Alexis, Prince of Bentheim and Steinfurt **

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** Alfred, 2nd Prince of Montenuovo **

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** Friedrich Ferdinand von Beust ** Hans Alexis von Biehler ** Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck **

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** Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal **

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** Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte **

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** Paul Bronsart von Schellendorff ** Walther Bronsart von Schellendorff **

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** Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge (Duke of Teck) **

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** Carl, Duke of Württemberg **

Carol I of Romania Carol I or Charles I of Romania (born Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen; 20 April 1839 – ), was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (''Domnitor'') from 1866 to 1881, and as ...

Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny Jean-Baptiste () is a male French name, originating with Saint John the Baptist, and sometimes shortened to Baptiste. The name may refer to any of the following: Persons * Charles XIV John of Sweden, born Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, was K ...

Charles I of Württemberg Charles (; 6 March 18236 October 1891) was King of Württemberg from 25 June 1864 until his death in 1891. Charles I married Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia in 1846 and ascended to the throne in 1864. Despite their marriage, the couple h ...

** Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894) **

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** Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst ** Christian IX of Denmark **

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** Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen **

Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg Duke Constantine Frederick Peter of Oldenburg (; , Romanization of Russian, tr. ; 9 May 1850 – 18 March 1906) was the youngest son of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and his wife, Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg. Known in the court of E ...

Diane, Duchess of Württemberg Diane, Dowager Duchess of Württemberg (''née'' Princess Diane of Orléans; born 24 March 1940) is a French-German painter, sculptor, writer and philanthropist. She is the widow of Carl, Duke of Württemberg, head of the House of Württemberg. S ...

** Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia ** Eduard, Duke of Anhalt **

Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 22 January 1901 until Death and state funeral of Edward VII, his death in 1910. The second child ...

** Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar **

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** Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse **

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** Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg **

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** Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg ** Ernst Leopold, 4th Prince of Leiningen ** Max von Fabeck ** Géza Fejérváry ** Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany ** Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria **

Francis II of the Two Sicilies Francis II ( Neapolitan and , ; christened ''Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo''; 16 January 1836 – 27 December 1894) was King of the Two Sicilies. He was the last King of the Two Sicilies as successive invasions by Giuseppe Garibaldi and Vict ...

** Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz ** Frederic von Franquemont **

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** Prince Frederick of Württemberg ** Prince Frederick of the Netherlands ** Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt ** Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein ** Friedrich Hermann Otto, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen ** Prince Friedrich Leopold of Prussia **

Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen (Friedrich Maria Albrecht Wilhelm Karl; 4 June 1856 – 30 December 1936) was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and the Supreme Commander of the Imperial and Royal Armed Forces of the Austro-Hungaria ...

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** Heinrich VII, Prince Reuss of Köstritz **

Prince Henry of the Netherlands (1820–1879) Prince William Frederick Henry of the Netherlands (Dutch language, Dutch: Willem Frederik Hendrik; 13 June 1820 – 13 January 1879) was the third son of King William II of the Netherlands and his wife, Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia. ...

** Hermann, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg ** Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1825–1901) ** Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg **

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** Prince Konrad of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst **

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** Karl, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ** Hans von Koester ** Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich of Russia ** Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia ** Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst **

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** Archduke Leopold Ferdinand of Austria **

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** Louis II, Grand Duke of Baden ** Prince Louis of Battenberg **

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** Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis **

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Emperor Meiji , posthumously honored as , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the List of emperors of Japan, traditional order of succession, reigning from 1867 until his death in 1912. His reign is associated with the Meiji Restoration of 1868, which ...

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** Milan I of Serbia **

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** Duke Nicholas of Württemberg **

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** Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia **

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** Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg ** Duke Peter of Oldenburg ** Philipp Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg ** Duke Philipp of Württemberg **

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** Hans von Plessen ** Moritz Karl Ernst von Prittwitz ** Joseph Radetzky von Radetz ** Antoni Wilhelm Radziwiłł ** Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria ** Duke Robert of Württemberg **

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Alfred von Schlieffen Graf Alfred von Schlieffen (; 28 February 1833 – 4 January 1913) was a German field marshal and strategist who served as chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1906. His name lived on in the 1905–06 " Schlieffen Plan", ...

** Ludwig von Schröder ** Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia ** Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary) ** Rudolf Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten ** Otto Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode **

Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen Ludwig Samson Heinrich Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen (18 June 181526 April 1881) was a Bavarian general. Early life Born in Darmstadt, on the day of Waterloo, Ludwig was a descendant from the old family of von der Tann, whic ...

Francis, Duke of Teck Francis, Duke of Teck (Francis Paul Charles Louis Alexander; 28 August 1837 – 21 January 1900), known as Count Francis von Hohenstein until 1863, was an Austrian-born nobleman who married into the British royal family. His wife, Princess M ...

Alfred von Tirpitz Alfred Peter Friedrich von Tirpitz (; born Alfred Peter Friedrich Tirpitz; 19 March 1849 – 6 March 1930) was a German grand admiral and State Secretary of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the German Imperi ...

Umberto I of Italy Umberto I (; 14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination in 1900. His reign saw Italy's expansion into the Horn of Africa, as well as the creation of the Triple Alliance (1882), Triple Alliance a ...

Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Victor Emmanuel III (; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. A member of the House of Savoy, he also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941 and King of the Albania ...

** Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia ** Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov ** Alfred von Waldersee ** Karl von Weizsäcker ** August von Werder **

Wilhelm II, German Emperor Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty ...

** Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach ** Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1783–1851) ** Prince Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ** Wilhelm, Duke of Urach ** Prince William of Baden **

William I, German Emperor Wilhelm I (Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig; 22 March 1797 – 9 March 1888) was King of Prussia from 1861 and German Emperor from 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the first head of state of a united Germany. ...

** William II of Württemberg **

William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded hi ...

William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach William Ernest (Wilhelm Ernst Karl Alexander Friedrich Heinrich Bernhard Albert Georg Hermann, '; 10 June 1876 – 24 April 1923) was the last grand duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Biography He was born in Weimar, the eldest son of Karl August o ...

Duke William Frederick Philip of Württemberg Duke William Frederick Philip of Württemberg (27 December 1761, in Stettin – 10 August 1830, in Schloss von Stetten im Remstal) was a prince of the House of Württemberg and a minister for war. Early life William was the fourth son of Frederi ...

** Prince William of Baden (1829–1897) ** Duke William of Württemberg ** William, Duke of Brunswick ** William, Prince of Hohenzollern ** William, Prince of Wied ** Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857) ** Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1820–1875) ** Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877) ** Duke Ferdinand Frederick Augustus of Württemberg **

Ferdinand von Zeppelin Graf, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin (; 8 July 1838 – 8 March 1917) was a General (Germany), German general and later inventor of the Zeppelin rigid airships. His name became synonymous with airships and dominated long-distance flight until the ...

* Commanders ** Erwin Bälz ** Paul von Bruns ** Victor von Bruns ** Adolf von Deines ** Karl Ludwig d'Elsa ** Christian Wilhelm von Faber du Faur ** Maximilian Vogel von Falckenstein ** Wilhelm von Gümbel **

Jakob von Hartmann Jakob Freiherr von Hartmann (4 February 1795 – 23 February 1873) was a Kingdom of Bavaria, Bavarian general who served in the Austro-Prussian War and Franco-Prussian War. Early life and French service Hartmann was born the son of Georg Hartmann ...

** Eberhard von Hofacker ** Johann Baptist von Keller ** Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer ** Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig ** Karl von Luz ** August von Mackensen ** Curt von Morgen ** Christian Friedrich von Otto ** Friedrich von Payer ** Friedrich August von Quenstedt ** Rudolf von Roth ** Gustav Rümelin ** Hans von Seeckt **

Gustav von Senden-Bibran Gustav Ernst Otto Egon Freiherr (Baron) von Bibran-Modlau, Senden-Bibran (23 July 1847, Rokitki, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Reisicht, Lower Silesia, Germany – 23 November 1909 in Berlin) was an admiral of the Kaiserliche Marine, German I ...

** Christoph von Sigwart **

Bertel Thorvaldsen Albert Bertel Thorvaldsen (; sometimes given as Thorwaldsen; 19 November 1770 – 24 March 1844) was a Danes, Danish-Icelanders, Icelandic Sculpture, sculptor and medallist, medalist of international fame, who spent most of his life (1797–183 ...

** Karl Heinrich Weizsäcker ** Sir James Wylie, 1st Baronet * Honour Crosses ** Hermann Bauer ** Paul Clemens von Baumgarten **

Alexander von Brill Alexander Wilhelm von Brill (20 September 1842 – 18 June 1935) was a German mathematician. Biography Born in Darmstadt, Hesse, Brill was educated at the University of Giessen, where he earned his doctorate under supervision of Alfred Clebsch. ...

** William G. S. Cadogan ** Max Eyth **

Wilhelm Groener Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener (; 22 November 1867 – 3 May 1939) was a Würtemberg–German general and politician, who served as the final Chief of the Great General Staff and Reich Ministry of Transport, Reich Minister of Transport, Ministry ...

** Paul Grützner ** Erich von Gündell ** Carl Magnus von Hell ** Adolf Wild von Hohenborn **

Ewald von Lochow Ewald Constantin Ferdinand Friedrich von Lochow (1 April 1855 in Petkus – 11 April 1942 in Berlin-Charlottenburg) was a Prussian officer and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves. ...

** Robert von Ostertag ** Eduard Pfeiffer ** Edmund Pfleiderer ** Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz ** Walther Reinhardt **

Max von Schillings Max von Schillings (April 19, 1868 – July 24, 1933) was a German conductor, composer and theatre director. He was chief conductor at the Berlin State Opera from 1919 to 1925. Schillings' opera ''Mona Lisa'' (1915) was internationally successfu ...

** Kilian von Steiner ** Hermann Vöchting ** Oskar von Watter * Knights **

Fedor von Bock Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich Fedor von Bock (3 December 1880 – 4 May 1945) was a German ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (Field Marshal) who served in the German Army during the Second World War. Bock served as the commander of Army Group ...

Theodor Endres __NOTOC__ Theodor Endres (25 September 1876 – 18 January 1956) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. Endres retired from active service on 31 January 1943. Awards a ...

** Alexander von Falkenhausen ** Hans von Feldmann ** Victor Franke ** Hans von Gronau ** Eduard von Kallee ** Fritz von Loßberg ** Eberhard Graf von Schmettow ** Otto von Stülpnagel * Gold Service Medal * Silver Service Medal * Unclassified ** Rudolf von Brudermann **

Fevzi Çakmak Mustafa Fevzi Çakmak (12 January 1876 – 10 April 1950) was a Turkish field marshal (''Mareşal (Turkey), Mareşal'') and politician. He served as the Chief of General Staff from 1918 and 1919 and later the Imperial Government (Ottoman Empire ...

** Kurt Eberhard ** Justus Hecker ** Otto Keller (philologist) ** Otto von Moser ** Christian Wirth ** Nikola Zhekov

Bibliography

*Jörg Nimmergut, ''Handbuch Deutsche Orden'', Saarbrücken 1989, 315–320 *ders., ''Deutsche Orden und Ehrenzeichen 1800-1945'', Bd. III ''Sachsen - Württemberg I'', München 1999, 1677–1704, {{DEFAULTSORT:Order of the Crown (Wurttemberg) Crown (Wurttemberg), Order of the Orders, decorations, and medals of Württemberg 1702 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire Awards established in 1702