Ophichthidae

Ophichthidae is a family of fish in the order Anguilliformes, commonly known as the snake eels. The term "Ophichthidae" comes from Greek ''ophis'' ("serpent") and ''ichthys'' ("fish"). Snake eels are also burrowing eels. They are named for their physical appearance, as they have long, cylindrical, snake-like bodies. This family is found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate waters. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from coastal shallows and even rivers, to depths below . Most species are bottom dwellers, hiding in mud or sand to capture their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some are pelagic.

These species range in total length from to or more. Many species lack fins altogether, improving their ability to burrow into the substrate like worms. They are often spotted or striped in colour, mimicking the appearance of venomous sea snakes to deter predators. Often, they are washed ashore by large storms.

Genera

Currently, 62 recognized genera are placed in this family:
*Subfamily Myrophinae
** ''Ahlia'' Jordan & Davis, 1891
** '' Asarcenchelys'' McCosker, 1985
** ''Benthenchelys'' Fowler, 1934
** '' Glenoglossa'' McCosker, 1982
** '' Mixomyrophis'' McCosker, 1985
** ''Muraenichthys'' Bleeker, 1853
** '' Myrophis'' Lütken, 1852
** '' Neenchelys'' Bamber, 1915
** '' Pseudomyrophis'' Wade, 1946
** '' Pylorobranchus'' McCosker & Chen, 2012 McCosker, J.E., Loh, K.-H., Lin, J. & Chen, H.-M. (2012)
''Pylorobranchus hoi'', a New Genus and Species of Myrophine Worm-Eel from Taiwan (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae).
''Zoological Studies, 51 (7): 1188-1194.''
** '' Schismorhynchus'' McCosker, 1970
** '' Schultzidia'' Gosline, 1951
** '' Scolecenchelys'' Ogilby, 1897
** '' Skythrenchelys'' Castle & McCosker, 1999
** '' Sympenchelys'' Hibino, Ho & Kimura, 2015 Hibino, Y., Ho, H.-C. & Kimura, S. (2015)
A new genus and species of worm eels, ''Sympenchelys taiwanensis'' (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae: Myrophinae), from the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
''Zootaxa, 4060 (1): 41–48.''
* Subfamily Ophichthinae
** '' Allips'' McCosker, 1972
** ''Aplatophis'' Böhlke, 1956
** '' Aprognathodon'' Böhlke, 1967
** '' Apterichtus'' Duméril, 1805
** ''Bascanichthys'' Jordan & Davis, 1891
** ''Brachysomophis'' Kaup, 1856
** ''Caecula'' Vahl, 1794
** ''Callechelys'' Kaup, 1856
** ''Caralophia'' Böhlke, 1955
** '' Chauligenion'' McCosker & Okamoto, 2016 McCosker, J.E. & Okamoto, M. (2016)
''Chauligenion camelopardalis'', a New Genus and Species of Deepwater Snake Eel (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the East China Sea.
''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 63 (9): 321-328.''
** ''Cirrhimuraena'' Kaup, 1856
** ''Cirricaecula'' Schultz, 1953
** ''Dalophis'' Rafinesque, 1810
** ''Echelus'' Rafinesque, 1810
** ''Echiophis'' Kaup, 1856
** ''Ethadophis'' Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1970
** '' Evips'' McCosker, 1972
** ''Gordiichthys'' Jordan & Davis, 1891
** ''Hemerorhinus'' Weber & de Beaufort, 1916
** '' Herpetoichthys'' Kaup, 1856
** ''Hyphalophis'' McCosker & Böhlke, 1982
** ''Ichthyapus'' Brisout de Barneville, 1847
** ''Kertomichthys'' McCosker & Böhlke, 1982
** ''Lamnostoma'' Kaup, 1856
** '' Leiuranus'' Bleeker, 1852
** ''Leptenchelys'' Myers & Wade, 1941
** ''Letharchus'' Goode & Bean, 1882
** ''Lethogoleos'' McCosker & Böhlke, 1982
** ''Leuropharus'' Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1970
** ''Luthulenchelys'' McCosker, 2007
** ''Malvoliophis'' Whitley, 1934
** ''Myrichthys'' Girard, 1859
** ''Mystriophis'' Kaup, 1856
** ''Ophichthus'' Ahl, 1789
** '' Ophisurus'' Lacépède, 1800
** ''Paraletharchus'' McCosker, 1974
** ''Phaenomonas'' Myers & Wade, 1941
** '' Phyllophichthus'' Gosline, 1951
** ''Pisodonophis'' Kaup, 1856
** ''Quassiremus'' Jordan & Davis, 1891
** '' Rhinophichthus'' McCosker, 1999
** ''Scytalichthys'' Jordan & Davis, 1891
** ''Stictorhinus'' Böhlke & McCosker, 1975
** '' Suculentophichthus'' Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2015 Fricke, R., Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. (2015)
''Suculentophichthus nasus'', a new genus and new species of snake eel from the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea (Teleostei: Ophichthidae).
''Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation, 16: 56–66.''
** ''Xestochilus'' McCosker, 1998
** '' Xyrias'' Jordan & Snyder, 1901
** ''Yirrkala'' Whitley, 1940

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q923919

Eels
Ray-finned fish families
Marine fish families
Extant Eocene first appearances
Taxa named by Albert Günther