Okres (
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus
*Czech (surnam ...
and
Slovak term meaning "district" in English; from German Kreis - circle (or perimeter)) refers to administrative entities in the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
and
Slovakia
Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...
. It is similar to Landkreis in Germany or "''okrug''" in other Slavic-speaking countries.
The first districts in the Czech lands developed from domains in 1850 by the decision of the Imperial government of
Austria
Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
. In the territory of present-day Slovakia their predecessors were districts of the
counties of the Kingdom of Hungary
A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) ''Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denotin ...
( in Slovak). The organisation and functions of the districts were different in the Czech lands and Hungary. After the creation of
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...
districts became an administrative unit of the new state with a unified status. After the
dissolution of Czechoslovakia
The dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on December 31, 1992, was the Self-determination, self-determined Partition (politics), partition of the federal republic of Fifth Czechoslovak Republic, Czechoslovakia into the independent ...
in 1993, the district system was taken over by the two current successor states.
Equivalents
*
Okręg
District is a term used in Poland, to denote regions and jurisdictions of various types, including electoral constituencies. As historical administrative subdivisions of Poland, districts existed in the later part of the Congress Poland period, ...
*
Okrug
An okrug is a type of administrative division in some Slavic-speaking states. The word ''okrug'' is a loanword in English, alternatively translated as area, district, county, or region.
Etymologically, ''okrug'' literally means ' circuit', der ...
*
Okruha
See also
*
Districts of Slovakia
The districts of Slovakia are administrative units known as in the Slovak language. It is a second-tier territorial administrative unit, below a Region () in standing, and superior to a municipality (). Each district contains at least several mun ...
(okres)
*
Districts of the Czech Republic
Districts of the Czech Republic are territorial units, formerly used as second-level administrative divisions of the Czech Republic. After their primary administrative function has been abolished in 2003, they still exist for the activities of sp ...
(okres)
*
*
Raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...
Upper-level division
*
Kraj
A '' Kraj'' ( ''kraje'') is the highest-level administrative unit in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. For lack of other English expressions, the Slavic term is often translated as "province", "region", or "territory", although it ...
*
Krai
A krai or kray (; , , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.
Etymologically, the word is related to the verb "" ...
*
Kreis
*
Regions of Slovakia
Since 1949 (except 1990–1996), Slovakia has been divided into a number of (singular ; usually translated as "Regions" with capital R). Their number, borders and functions have been changed several times. There are eight regions of Slovakia a ...
(
kraj
A '' Kraj'' ( ''kraje'') is the highest-level administrative unit in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. For lack of other English expressions, the Slavic term is often translated as "province", "region", or "territory", although it ...
)
*
Regions of the Czech Republic
Regions of the Czech Republic ( ; singular ) are higher-level territorial self-governing units of the Czech Republic.
History
The first regions (''kraje'') were created in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 14th century. At the beginning of the ...
(kraj)
Lower-level division
*
Obec
(, ; plural ) is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is " commune" or " community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected ...
(subdivisions of an okres)
External links
Map: location of every ''okres'' in the Czech Republic
Geography of the Czech Republic
Geography of Slovakia
Slovak words and phrases
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