Obersturmbannführer

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''Obersturmbannführer'' (Senior Assault-unit Leader; ; short: ''Ostubaf'') was a paramilitary rank in the German Nazi Party ( NSDAP) which was used by the SA (''Sturmabteilung'') and the SS (''Schutzstaffel''). The rank of ' was junior to the rank of '' Standartenführer'', and was equivalent to the military rank of ''Oberstleutnant'' ( lieutenant colonel) in the German Army.

As the SA expanded, the rank of ''Ostubaf'' was created in May 1933 to provide a rank above '' Sturmbannführer''; likewise, the ''Ostubaf'' was an SS rank. The ' rank insignia was composed of four silver pips and a black stripe on a silver background, all elements are centered in the left wing of the collar of the tunic of an SS or of an SA uniform. The rank also was worn on the shoulder boards of an ''Oberstleutnant'' and was the highest rank in the SS and the SA to display SS unit insignia on the collar wing opposite the rank insignia.

Various Waffen-SS units composed of foreign recruits were considered distinct from the German SS, and thus they were not permitted to wear SS runes on their collar tabs but had their divisional insignia instead. Their ranks were also prepended with "Waffen" instead of "SS", as in, ''Waffen-''.

Adolf Eichmann

In 1940, Adolf Eichmann was promoted to ', and was listed as such in the minutes of the Wannsee Conference held in January 1942. In 1961, during the Eichmann trial for Lt. Col. Eichmann's crimes against humanity, the chief prosecutor, Gideon Hausner, drew attention to the executive significance and command responsibility of the rank of ', in response to Eichmann's claim that he was merely a clerk obeying orders; Hausner asked, "Were you an ' or an office girl?"

In the book '' Eichmann in Jerusalem'' (1963) the political theoretician Hannah Arendt said that was not a rank of significance, because Eichmann whiled away the war time awaiting promotion to the rank of '' Standartenführer''. That "people like Eichmann, who had risen from the ranks, were never permitted to advance beyond a lieutenant colonel .e. 'except at the front", in combat with the enemy.

In fiction

In the 2014 action-adventure video game ''Wolfenstein: The New Order'', the secondary antagonist Irene Engel enters her debut role as a .

Rank insignia

See also

* Table of ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS

Notes

Bibliography

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SS ranks