Oberschöneweide
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Oberschöneweide (, literally ''Upper Schöneweide'') is a German
locality Locality may refer to: * Locality, a historical named location or place in Canada * Locality (association), an association of community regeneration organizations in England * Locality (linguistics) * Locality (settlement) * Suburbs and localitie ...
(''Ortsteil'') within the
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
borough (''Bezirk'') of
Treptow-Köpenick Treptow-Köpenick () is the ninth Boroughs of Berlin, borough of Berlin, Germany, formed in Berlin's 2001 administrative reform by merging the former boroughs of Treptow and Köpenick. The borough was formerly part of East Berlin. Overview Among ...
. It is, with Niederschöneweide (''Lower Schöneweide''), part of the geographic area of Schöneweide. Until 2001 it was part of the former borough of
Köpenick Köpenick () is a historic town and locality (''Ortsteil'') in Berlin, situated at the confluence of the rivers Dahme and Spree in the south-east of the German capital. It was formerly known as Copanic and then Cöpenick, only officially ado ...
.


History

First mentioned in 1598 as ''Schöne Weyde'', it became an industrial town at the end of the 19th century. In 1920 it merged into Berlin as a result of the
Greater Berlin Act The Greater Berlin Act (), officially Law Regarding the Creation of the New Municipality of Berlin (), was a law passed by the Prussian state government in 1920, which greatly expanded the size of the Prussian and German capital of Berlin. Hist ...
. The Berlin territorial reform, in effect from 1 April 1938, also affected the districts of Treptow and Köpenick. The districts of Oberschöneweide and Wuhlheide were removed from the Treptow district and incorporated into the Köpenick district. In the Nazi era, Oberschöneweide developed into a stronghold of resistance against National Socialism, which despite constant arrests and death sentences could not be broken. The resistance cells were most numerous from 1942-1944. The factories in Oberschoeneweide remained the foundation of the illegal Berlin KPD headquarters. The mass recalls from 1941 resulted in a lack of staff in the factories. In order to maintain production, more forced laborers from all over Europe were employed. Several barracks camps were built for forced laborers in Wuhlheide. Located here was also the Gestapo subordinate Berlin work education camp of the same name. More than 6,000 foreign forced laborers worked in Kabelwerk Oberspree and other factories located in the AEG factory complex, as well as female inmates at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp from 1944-1945. In the Allied air raids on 21 June and 6 August 1944, Oberschöneweide endured heavy carpet bombing, while the Kabelwerk Wilhelminenhof was heavily damaged. The attack of 26 February 1945 greeted Oberschöneweide once again in its entirety. Among the casualties were many foreign forced laborers. On 16 April 1945, during the
Battle of Berlin The Battle of Berlin, designated as the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin, was one of the last major offensives of the European theatre of World War II. After the Vistula–Od ...
(one of the last battles of
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
in
Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...
), the retreating German forces tried to stop the
Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...
at the Kaisersteg and Treskowbrücke bridges. On April 24 the area fell into the hands of the Soviet
8th Guards Army The 8th Guards Order of Lenin Combined Arms Army (abbreviated 8th GCAA) was an army of the Soviet Army, as a successor to the 62nd Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army, which was formed during World War II and was disbanded in 1998 after being do ...
. With the administrative division of Greater Berlin by the victorious Allied powers, Oberschöneweide fell with the other districts of the district of Köpenick under Soviet control. As with everywhere else in the Soviet occupation zone, all intact means of production were dismantled and brought to the Soviet administration in Oberschöneweide. This followed the expropriation of the industrial enterprises; they were later converted into state-owned enterprises. The Queen Elisabeth Hospital served Soviet troops as a military hospital from October 1945 and remained in that capacity until the complete withdrawal of Soviet/Russian troops from Germany in 1994. In the 1950s, the Nalepastraße radio house was built. Here, all the radio programs of the GDR were produced centrally by the GDR radio service. Due to changing economic trends since German reunification on 3 October 1990, many companies have suffered layoffs, closures, and privatisations. This was the end of the traditional industrial era. The South Korean industrial giant Samsung operated a production site for tube TVs and mobile devices on the Samsung SDI in Oberschöneweide until the end of 2005. Samsung gave up the location despite the receipt of millions in subsidies by the state of Berlin, due to sales problems and inefficiency. The Oberschöneweides industrial buildings have been historically listed since 1991 and are a focal point of Berlin's industrial heritage. Many small craft enterprises have settled on the industrial estates. Traditional medium-sized companies include Silicon Sensor GmbH (formed by the spin-off of the former television electronics factory) and BAE Batterien GmbH (at the location of Accumulatoren Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft, AFA). In 2006, the former AEG terrain was redeveloped into the HTW Berlin (Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin). As of 2017, there are 18,000 students on the campus. During rush hours, Spreestraße, Edisonstraße, and Siemensstraße were often congested. As a result, the surrounding residential areas were in turn affected, which led to the inclusion of the entire area in Berlin's noise reduction planning. To relieve the congestion, two more bridges have been planned. The Minna Todenhagen Bridge is part of the southeastern connection, to be completed in the first phase. It leads east to the Britzer canal over the Spree and connects the Rummelsberg Road, over the Minna Todenhagen Road with the Köpenicker country road and fast road in the Niederschöneweide area. On February 27, 2012, the plan approval was issued; construction began in 2013. The construction period was expected to be three years. On 21 December 2017, the road was opened to traffic. The other bridge, Wilhelminenhofbrücke, whose construction project is still in planning, is to lead to the eastern extension of Wilheminenhofstraße over the Spree to Schnellerstraße in the Oberspree.


Geography

Located in the south-eastern side of the city and crossed by the river Spree, Oberschöneweide borders the localities of Plänterwald, Baumschulenweg, Niederschöneweide,
Köpenick Köpenick () is a historic town and locality (''Ortsteil'') in Berlin, situated at the confluence of the rivers Dahme and Spree in the south-east of the German capital. It was formerly known as Copanic and then Cöpenick, only officially ado ...
, Karlshorst and
Rummelsburg Rummelsburg () is a subdivision or neighborhood (''Ortsteil'') of the Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin, borough (''Bezirk'') of Lichtenberg, Berlin, Lichtenberg of the German capital, Berlin. History Rummelsburg was founded in 1669. On 30 Jan ...
(both in
Lichtenberg Lichtenberg may refer to: Places * Lichtenberg, Austria * Lichtenberg, Bas-Rhin, France * Lichtenberg, Bavaria, Germany * Lichtenberg, Berlin, Germany * Lichtenberg, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany * Lichtenberg (Lausitz), Saxony, Germany * Lichte ...
district). Its urban park is the Wuhlheide, site of the
miniature railway A ridable miniature railway (US: riding railroad or grand scale railroad) is a large scale, usually ground-level railway that hauls passengers using locomotives that are often models of full-sized railway locomotives (powered by Diesel engine, ...
'' Berliner Parkeisenbahn'' (BPE), used during the
East German East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally vie ...
period by the Young Pioneer Organisation.


Education

The '' Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft'' (HTW - translated as ''
University of Applied Sciences A vocational university or university of applied sciences (UAS), less commonly called a polytechnic university is an institution of higher education and increasingly research that provides applied professional education and grants academic de ...
for Engineering and Economics''), the youngest and largest University of Applied Sciences in Berlin, is located on the Campus Wilhelminenhof Infos about the Campus Wilhelminenhof on HTW website
/ref> located in Oberschöneweide. In addition, the German Ministry of Education has 3 urban day care centres in this town, and ten schools that include two primary schools, one integrated secondary school (integrated programme) and seven other secondary schools. Other institutions in the community are similar to the SkillsFuture for their training structures, and are also parts of the institute of adult learning. Many of the students are attached to various companies in the area which offer internships (industrial attachment programme): *Technologie- und Gründerzentrum Spreeknie (TGS) *E. Michaelis & Co. KG *First Sensor AG, previously Silicon Sensor GmbH *BAE Batterien GmbH *iris-GmbH *Berliner WasserSportZentrale GbR *Sportstudio Orange-Fit (Golightly Energy GmbH)


Transport

The locality is served by the ''
S-Bahn The S-Bahn ( , ), , is a hybrid urban rail, urban–suburban rail system serving a metropolitan region predominantly in German language, German-speaking countries. Some of the larger S-Bahn systems provide service similar to rapid transit syst ...
'' line S3, at Wuhlheide station, partly located in Köpenick. Located by the southern shore of the Spree in Niederschöneweide, it is the main station in Schöneweide. The locality is also served by the tramway lines M17, 21, 27, 37, 63, and 67. At Wilhelmstrand, by the river, there is a short ferry service (line F11) that links it to Baumschulenstraße, in Baumschulenweg. The locality is bordered by the Rummelsburger highway running between Treskowallee and Rudolf-Rühl-Allee, which runs along the eastern edge of town and meets the An der Wuhlheide street. There were plans for the U5 to be extended from Friedrichsfelde via Karlshorst to Oberschöneweide in the 1950s, however this was not realized with the extension to Hönow in the late 1980s. In 2017, the bus service 365 was introduced from Oberschöneweide to Baumschulenweg.


Photogallery

File:Oberschoeneweide5.JPG, The centre of the quarter File:Berlin Kaisersteg Oberschoeneweide ZfB 1900.jpg, The old Kaisersteg in 1900 File:BPE-Merapi.JPG, A BPE train in Wuhlheide File:2007 08260028.JPG, Wilhelmstrand ferry station File:Oberschoeneweide9.JPG, The Christuskirche (Christ Church) File:Berlin, Kaisersteg, 2007.jpg, The new Kaisersteg File:Oberschoeneweide3.JPG, The new Treskowbrücke File:Wilhelminenhofstr B-Oberschoeneweide 08-2017 img3.jpg, A factory on the Spree


Personalities

*
Emil Rathenau Emil Moritz Rathenau (11 December 1838 – 20 June 1915) was a German entrepreneur, industrialist, mechanical engineer. He was a leading figure in the early European electrical industry and founder of AEG. Early life Rathenau was born i ...
(1838–1915) *
Walther Rathenau Walther Rathenau (; 29 September 1867 – 24 June 1922) was a German industrialist, writer and politician who served as foreign minister of Germany from February 1922 until his assassination in June 1922. Rathenau was one of Germany's leading ...
(1867–1922)


References


Literature

* Judith Uhlig: "''Köpenick – Geschichte der Berliner Verwaltungsbezirke''". Stapp Verlag 1997, * Hans-Jürgen Rach: "''Die Dörfer in Berlin''". VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1988


External links


Oberschöneweide page on www.berlin.de
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oberschoneweide Localities of Berlin *