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''Oberführer'' (short: ''Oberf'', , ) was an early paramilitary rank of the
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor ...
(NSDAP) dating back to 1921. An ''Oberführer'' was typically an NSDAP member in charge of a group of paramilitary units in a particular geographical region. From 1921 to 1925, the phrase ''Oberführer'' was used as a title in the ''
Sturmabteilung
The (; SA; or 'Storm Troopers') was the original paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party of Germany. It played a significant role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Hitler's rise to power in the 1920s and early 1930s. I ...
'' (SA), but became an actual
SA rank after 1926.
''Oberführer'' was also a
rank of the ''
Schutzstaffel
The ''Schutzstaffel'' (; ; SS; also stylised with SS runes as ''ᛋᛋ'') was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.
It beg ...
'' (SS, at that time a branch of the SA), established in 1925 as ''
Gauführer'', a rank for SS officers in charge of SS personnel in the several ''Gaue'' throughout Germany; in 1928 the rank was renamed ''Oberführer'', and used of the commanders of the three regional ''SS-Oberführerbereiche''. In 1930, the SS was reorganized into ''SS-Gruppen'' and ''Brigaden'', at which time ''Oberführer'' became subordinate to the higher rank of ''
Brigadeführer
''Brigadeführer'' (, ) was a paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that was used between 1932 and 1945. It was mainly known for its use as an SS rank. As an SA rank, it was used after briefly being known as '' Untergruppenführer'' in ...
''. By 1932, ''Oberführer'' was an established rank of the SA, SS and
NSKK.
''Oberführer'' wore two oak leaves on the uniform collar rank patch, along with the shoulder boards and lapels of a general officer. In 1938, the status of ''SS-Oberführer'' began to change with the rise of the ''
SS-Verfügungstruppe'' (SS-VT), which would later become the
Waffen-SS
The (; ) was the military branch, combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts, volunteers and conscr ...
. Since ''Brigadeführer'' was rated equal to a ''
Generalmajor
is the Germanic languages, Germanic variant of major general, used in a number of Central Europe, Central and Northern European countries.
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
is the second lowest general officer rank in the Royal Danish Army and R ...
'', and ''
Standartenführer'' to an ''
Oberst
''Oberst'' () is a senior field officer rank in several German language, German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the Army, ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, a ...
'', ''Oberführer'' had no military equivalent and quickly became regarded as a
senior colonel
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Senior colonel is an officer rank usually placed between a regular colonel and a British brigadier or American brigadier general.
Use
Most western militaries tend to equate a senior colonel as being on the level of a "brigadier general ...
rank. This distinction continues in historical circles with most texts referring to ''Oberführer'' as a senior colonel rank while some others state it was a military equivalent to a British Army
brigadier
Brigadier ( ) is a military rank, the seniority of which depends on the country. In some countries, it is a senior rank above colonel, equivalent to a brigadier general or commodore (rank), commodore, typically commanding a brigade of several t ...
.
Rank insignia
See also
*
Corps colours (Waffen-SS)
Corps colours, or Troop-function colours (German language, German: ''Waffenfarben'') were worn in the ''Waffen-SS'' from 1938 until 1945 in order to distinguish between various Military branch, branches of service, units, and functions. The corps ...
*
Table of ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS
Notes
Bibliography
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SS ranks