NPO Novator (Novator Design Bureau, OKB Novator, OKB Lyulyev; russian: Опытное конструкторское бюро «Новатор» им. Люльева Л. В.) is a Russian company that designs long-range anti-aircraft missiles. It was established in 1947 as OKB-8 in Sverdlovsk, became independent in 1991, and then became part of the

Almaz-Antey JSC Concern VKO "Almaz-Antey" (russian: link=no, ОАО "Концерн ВКО "Алмаз-Антей"») is a Russian state-owned company in the arms industry, a result of a merger of Antey Corporation and NPO Almaz, unifying some of the nat ...

conglomerate. It is perhaps best known for designing the 9M82 and 9M83 missiles of the

S-300V The S-300 (NATO reporting name SA-10 Grumble) is a series of long range surface-to-air missile systems developed and operated by the former Soviet Union, now fielded by the militaries of Russia and Ukraine as well as several other former Easte ...

(SA-12 'Gladiator') SAM system.

History

The

Kalinin Machine-Building Plant JSC Kalinin Machine-Building Plant, ZiK or MZiK for short (russian: Машиностроительный завод имени М.И.Калинина, ЗиК, МЗиК) is a Russian industrial business, now part of Almaz-Antey holding. History ...

(now JSC MZiK) was a major part of the Soviet war effort in World War II, producing 20,000 anti-aircraft guns. After the war ended,

Lev Lyulyev Lev Veniaminovych Lyulyev (March 17 (OS: March 4), 1908 in Kiev, Russian Empire — November 1, 1985 in Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet designer of artillery, anti-aircraft rockets, and SA missile systems. He was the chief designer of the OKB-8 (lat ...

was promoted to Chief Designer of Factory No. 8 and he started work on heavy guns such as the

KS-19 100 mm air defence gun KS-19 (russian: 100-мм зенитная пушка КС-19) was a Soviet anti-aircraft gun. Initially deployed aboard ships as the B-34 during the Second World War, a ground-mounted version was introduced into servic ...

and

KS-30 The KS-30 is a Soviet 130mm anti-aircraft gun that appeared in the early 1950s, closely resembling the German wartime 12.8 cm FlaK 40 anti-aircraft gun. The KS-30 was used for the home defense forces of the USSR and some other Warsaw Pact countr ...

. In 1947 he formed the Chief Designer Bureau (OGK) - later Experimental Design Bureau (

OKB OKB is a transliteration of the Russian initials of "" – , meaning 'experiment and design bureau'. During the Soviet era, OKBs were closed institutions working on design and prototyping of advanced technology, usually for military applications. ...

)-8 - of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, for the development of heavy anti-aircraft guns. As was the Soviet tradition, the OKB was often referred to by his name. In 1957 he switched to

surface-to-air missiles A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of anti-aircraft syst ...

(SAMs). Lyulyev died on 1 November 1985. OKB-8 became independent from the factory in 1991, but maintains a relationship with the factory. After the end of the Cold War, they set up the Novator Production-Commercial Bureau as a defence conversion enterprise to fund the work of the Design Bureau, but the company struggled financially throughout the 1990s. On 20 March 1996 General Designer Valentin Smirnov was murdered, possibly as a result of discovering fraud in the company. In 2001 Novator was amalgamated with other companies involved in SAM production, into the

. In 2004 it signed a deal with India's

Defence Research and Development Organisation The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) (IAST: ''Raksā Anūsandhān Evam Vikās Sangaṭhan'') is the premier agency under the Department of Defence Research and Development in Ministry of Defence of the Government of India ...

to develop the K-100 " AWACS killer" missile. In 2017 US has announced licensing and export restrictions on Novator, charging it with producing the cruise missile prohibited by the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Novator and its parent company,

, are in the list of sanctioned entities under the EU's 'fourth package' of restrictive measures, announced 15 March 202

Products

Anti-aircraft guns

* 1957 - KN-52 zenith gun

Surface-to-air missiles

Dates given are when missiles entered operational service with the Russian armed forces. * 1969 - 3M8 (later 9M8)

ramjet A ramjet, or athodyd (aero thermodynamic duct), is a form of airbreathing jet engine that uses the forward motion of the engine to produce thrust. Since it produces no thrust when stationary (no ram air) ramjet-powered vehicles require an ass ...

-powered missile, part of the 2K11 Krug (

NATO reporting name NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment from Russia, China, and historically, the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manne ...

SA-4 'Ganef') SAM system with a range of . * 1980 - 9M38 for the Buk missile system (SA-11 'Gadfly'), range , followed by the 9M38M1 and 9M38M2 * 1984 - 9M82 (40 km range, 'Gladiator') and 9M83 (100 km range plus ABM defence, 'Giant') missiles for the S-300V(SA-12 "Gladiator") army SAM that replaced the SA-4. * 1995 - 53T6, SH-08, (ABM-3 'Gazelle') endoatmospheric interceptor missiles for

A-135 anti-ballistic missile system The A-135 (renamed to A-235) (NATO: ABM-4 Gorgon) is a Russian anti-ballistic missile system deployed around Moscow to intercept incoming warheads targeting the city or its surrounding areas. The system was designed in the Soviet Union and entere ...

(ABM-3) defending Moscow. * ~2017 - 9M82MD, 400 km-range

hypersonic In aerodynamics, a hypersonic speed is one that exceeds 5 times the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above. The precise Mach number at which a craft can be said to be flying at hypersonic speed varies, since in ...

missile for

S-300VM The S-300VM "Antey-2500" ( Russian: С-300ВМ Антеӣ-2500, NATO reporting name SA-23 Gladiator\Giant) is a Russian anti-ballistic missile system. The system is designed to target short- and medium-range ballistic missiles, aeroballisti ...

system, not presently operational.

Anti-submarine missiles

OKB-8 was the USSR's sole developer of warheads delivered by ASW missiles such as the

RPK-2 Viyuga The RPK-2 Vyuga (, ''blizzard''; NATO reporting name: SS-N-15 Starfish), also designated as 81R, is a Soviet submarine-launched, nuclear-armed anti-submarine missile system, launched exclusively through torpedo tubes. The system was designed in ...

(SS-N-15 'Starfish') and RPK-6 Vodopad ( SS-N-16 'Stallion') * 1969 - 81R RPK-2 Vyuga (

SS-N-15 The RPK-2 Vyuga (, ''blizzard''; NATO reporting name: SS-N-15 Starfish), also designated as 81R, is a Soviet submarine-launched, nuclear-armed anti-submarine missile system, launched exclusively through torpedo tubes. The system was designed in ...

) * 1980 - RU-90 Vyuga 5 kt nuclear depth charge (SS-N-15) * 1981 - RU-100 Vodopod HE torpedo (SS-N-16A) * 1984 - RU-100 Veter nuclear depth charge (SS-N-16B)

Sub-launched cruise missiles

* 1984 - 3M10/RK-55 ''Granat'' (SS-N-21 'Sampson'), a version of the Raduga Kh-55 cruise missile launched from submarines.

Air-to-air missiles

* 2015? - K-100 "AWACS killer" with a range of 200–400 km is currently under joint development with India. May be based on the 9M38 airframe, previous names include Izdeliye 172 ('Article 172'), AAM-L (RVV-L), KS-172, KS-1, 172S-1 and R-172.

Surface-to-surface missile systems

In April 2010, ''

Jane's Defence Weekly ''Jane's Defence Weekly'' (abbreviated as ''JDW'') is a weekly magazine reporting on military and corporate affairs, edited by Peter Felstead. It is one of a number of military-related publications named after John F. T. Jane, an Englishman who ...

'' reported the development of the Club-K containerised version of the Club

cruise missile A cruise missile is a guided missile used against terrestrial or naval targets that remains in the atmosphere and flies the major portion of its flight path at approximately constant speed. Cruise missiles are designed to deliver a large warhe ...

family, with either four of Novator's

anti-ship missile An anti-ship missile (AShM) is a guided missile that is designed for use against ships and large boats. Most anti-ship missiles are of the sea skimming variety, and many use a combination of inertial guidance and active radar homing. A good ...

s or

land-attack missile A land-attack missile (LAM) is a naval surface-to-surface missile that is capable of effectively attacking targets ashore, unlike specialized anti-ship missiles, which are optimized for striking other ships. Some dual-role missiles are suitable ...

s in a 40 ft

shipping container A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitous corrugated boxes. In the context of ...

. The missiles are revealed when the Universal Launch Module (erector) tilts up to the vertical. The containers can be carried on ships, trains and road haulage trucks.Concealed-carriage Club-K changes cruise missile rules, Robert Hewson,

(p5), 14 April 2010A cruise missile in a shipping box on sale to rogue bidders
/ref>

Cruise missiles

* 3M-54 Klub

Notes and references

External links

OAO «OKB Novator» official site
{{authority control 1947 establishments in Russia Defence companies of the Soviet Union Research institutes in the Soviet Union Almaz-Antey Technology companies established in 1947 Guided missile manufacturers Companies based in Yekaterinburg Russian brands Design bureaus