Németi (''Nemty'' or ''Nempty'') was a minor ''gens'' (Latin for "clan"; ''nemzetség'' in Hungarian) in the

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...

, which possessed lands in the southern parts of

Transdanubia Transdanubia ( ; , or ', ) is a traditional region of Hungary. It is also referred to as Hungarian Pannonia, or Pannonian Hungary. Administrative divisions Traditional interpretation The borders of Transdanubia are the Danube River (north and ...

, mainly Baranya and Valkó counties. The Istvánffy family descended from this clan.

History

The ancient seat of the kindred was Németi (present-day a borough of

Szalánta Szalánta is a village in Baranya county, Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to th ...

) which laid south to

Pécs Pécs ( , ; ; Slovak language, Slovak: ''Päťkostolie''; also known by #Name, alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the c ...

in Baranya County. It is possible that

Nemetin Nemetin () is a village in eastern Slavonia, Croatia, located near Osijek. It has a population of 139 (census 2011). It is administratively located in the City of Osijek. History The village was the site of the largest prisoner exchange in the ...

near

Osijek Osijek () is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja ...

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

perpetuated also the name of the clan. The first known member of the kindred was Endre (Hendre), who served as ''

ispán The ispánRady 2000, p. 19.''Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517)'', p. 450. or countEngel 2001, p. 40.Curta 2006, p. 355. (, , and ),Kirschbaum 2007, p. 315. deriving from title of župan, ...

'' of Valkó County in 1240. He married an unidentified daughter of a certain Bökény. In that year, Endre represented his father-in-law in a lawsuit for the estates Heyreh and Luder in Valkó County.

Vajszló branch

During the

first Mongol invasion of Hungary The first invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Mongol Empire started in March 1241. The Mongols started to withdraw in late March 1242. Background Mongol invasion of Europe The Hungarians had first learned about the Mongol threat in 122 ...

, brothers James (I) and Ambrose fought against the Mongols. Both of them escorted the fleeing

Béla IV of Hungary Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of Andrew II of Hungary, King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group ...

to the

Dalmatia Dalmatia (; ; ) is a historical region located in modern-day Croatia and Montenegro, on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea. Through time it formed part of several historical states, most notably the Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Croatia (925 ...

n coast following the disastrous

Battle of Mohi The Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241) was a pivotal conflict between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary during the Mongol invasion of Europe. The battle took place at Muhi (then Mohi), a town located in present-day Hungary, southwest of ...

in April 1241. James (also known as Abosk) was killed in one of clashes in 1242, which occurred amidst the withdrawal of Mongols from Hungary. Béla IV donated a portion in

Vajszló Vajszló () is a village in Baranya County, Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to t ...

in Baranya County to Ambrose for their loyalty and military service in 1244, separating the land from the accessories of the fort of Kovászd (''Quazd''). Nicholas (I), the son of Ambrose requested the confirmation of this donation letter from Duke Stephen, co-ruler of the kingdom, in 1268. Nicholas and his brother James (II) participated in the Bohemian–Hungarian War in 1273. As a result,

Ladislaus IV of Hungary Ladislaus IV (, , ; 5 August 1262 – 10 July 1290), also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hung ...

also confirmed their right of ownership over Vajszló in that year. Upon the request of James (II),

Andrew III of Hungary Andrew III the Venetian (, , ; – 14 January 1301) was King of Hungary and King of Croatia, Croatia between 1290 and 1301. His father, Stephen the Posthumous, was the posthumous son of Andrew II of Hungary although Stephen's older half brother ...

also confirmed the donation in 1295. The Németi clan was involved in a lengthy lawsuit over Vajszló against the Dominican nunnery of Rabbits' Island, lasted from 1295 to 1384. James (II) sued his relatives, Hector and Csák (see below), for partly the

dower Dower is a provision accorded traditionally by a husband or his family, to a wife for her support should she become widowed. It was settlement (law), settled on the bride (being given into trust instrument, trust) by agreement at the time of t ...

of his late mother. In 1296, the parties settled their relationship, Hector and Csák handed over their estates in Zselizkeresztúr (north of

Szigetvár Szigetvár (; ; ) is a town in Baranya County in southern Hungary. The name is a compound word composed of ''Sziget'' (Island) + ''vár'' (castle). In October 2011, the city received the title ''Civitas Invicta'' from the Hungarian Parliament. T ...

), Szentgál, Vajszló and Raven to James, who was also mentioned as a neighboring landowner near Geresd in 1312. By that time, James became a ''

familiaris In the Middle Ages, a ''familiaris'' (plural ''familiares''), more formally a ''familiaris regis'' ("familiar of the king") or ''familiaris curiae''In medieval documents, ''curiae'' may also be spelled ''curiæ'' or ''curie''. ("of the court"), ...

'' of

John Kőszegi John Kőszegi (; died after 1327) was a Hungarian influential lord in the early 14th century, who served as Master of the horse (Kingdom of Hungary), Master of the horse from 1311 until 1314. He inherited large-scale domains in Slavonia and Tran ...

, who dominated southern Transdanubia '' de facto'' independently of the king. In this capacity, he functioned as vice-''ispán'' of Baranya County in the 1310s. His three sons were Ladislaus, John and Nicholas (II). The former acted as oath taker for

Peter Siklósi Peter Siklósi (, /Петар Сиклоши; died on 3 January 1379) was a Hungarian bishop. Peter served as cleric in the Slavonian town of Đakovo, the residence of the bishops of Bosnia since they were exiled from Bosnia itself in the previous ...

(from the ''gens''

Kán Kán is the name of a Hungarian noble family which gave bans (governors) to Croatia and Slavonia, voivodes to Transylvania, and palatines to Hungary in the 13th and 14th centuries. History The Kán family were members of the Hermány clan. They ...

) during a lawsuit in 1330. John acted as an arbiter in the litigation process between the Siklósi and Dersfi families in 1355. James (III), the son of Nicholas (II) took the litigation for Vajszló against the Dominican nuns from 1360 to 1384.

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...

, son of Stephen from the Németi kindred served as vice-''ispán'' of Baranya County in 1404 and vice-ispán of Valkó County in 1405, as a ''familiaris'' of John Maróti. ;Family tree *''N'' **James I (or Abosk; fl. 1241–1242†) **Ambrose (fl. 1241–1244) ***Nicholas I (fl. 1268–1273) ***James II (fl. 1273–1312) ****Ladislaus (fl. 1330) ****John (fl. 1322–1355) ****(?) Nicholas II *****James III (fl. 1360–1384)

Fülöp branch

Hilary, the first known member of this branch is known only by name. His son Arnót or Arnold (I) was granted the portion in Fülöp (or Fülöpfölde) near Sárok by King Ladislaus IV in 1280. The estate previously belonged to the property of Arnold's brother-in-law Benedict, who died without descendants. In exchange for the estate, Arnold (I) had to pay the dower to his unidentified sister. Along with several other nobles in the region, he acted as an arbiter in a lawsuit regarding

Šag Šag is a village in Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Ser ...

(Ság) in 1296. He mediated the aforementioned reconciliation between his relatives James (II) and the sons of Herbord in the same year. His son Benedict and his grandson Paul sold the estate Fülöp to a

Cuman The Cumans or Kumans were a Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language. They are referred to as Polovtsians (''Polovtsy'') in Rus' chronicles, as " ...

chieftain Kurgona in 1320. ;Family tree *Hilary **Arnold I (fl. 1280–1296) ***Arnold II ****Paul (fl. 1320) ***Benedict (fl. 1320) **''a daughter'' (fl. 1280) ∞ Benedict N (d. before 1280)

Kisasszonyfalva branch

According to historian

Pál Engel Pál Engel (27 February 1938 – 21 August 2001) was a Hungarian medievalist historian and archivist, and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He served as General Director of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences between 1996 ...

, the Kisasszonyfalvi (or Boldogasszonyfalvi) family, from which the prestigious Istvánffy (Istvánfi) family originates, came from the Németi clan. They took their name after present-day Kisasszonyfa in Baranya County.Engel: ''Genealógia'' (Genus Németi, Kisasszonyfalvi branch) ;Family tree *Nicholas **Herbord ***Hector (fl. 1296–1330) ****Kisasszonyfalvi family *****(from 1450s) Istvánffy (Istvánfi) family ***Csák (fl. 1296–1314)

References

Sources

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Nemeti (genus)