Nyköping

Nyköping () is a locality and the seat of Nyköping Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden, with 32,759 inhabitants as of 2017. The city is also the capital of Södermanland County.

Including Arnö, the locality on the southern shore of the bay just a couple of kilometres from the city centre, Nyköping would have above 36,000 inhabitants. Commonly, Arnö is referred to as a part of the city proper. It forms a wider conurbation with the neighbouring minor municipality and town of Oxelösund south of its outskirts. The municipality is much larger, although sparsely populated outside of the urban area.

Nyköping directly translates to "Newmarket" in English. The prefix is translated as "new" and is an old Swedish word for a market place, commonly used as a suffix for cities in the south central region of the country (see Köping). is the name that appears on coins in 1230 and in historical records from the 13th century. ''Aros'' is the name of the town found in the archaeological records from before 1230, indicating a new era and a new name sometime around 1230. The city is located near the open Baltic Sea on the Stadsfjärden inlet, and is regarded as a coastal location. Rivers Nyköpingsån and Kilaån reach the Baltic Sea through the southern end of downtown. The former river splits the town down the middle into an eastern and western part. The river Svärtaån empties into the sea by the locality Sjösa, east of the town. There are multiple other inlets in the municipality, which has an extensive shoreline.

Typical of the region, the landscape is influenced by post-glacial rebound after the latest ice age. For thousands of years, the land of downtown Nyköping was an archipelago where the hills in town today formed many islands, while the flatter parts of the town were the seafloor. With four peaks above , the highest point within town limits is at Ekensberg in the northeastern fringes.

Nyköping is also the home of Stockholm Skavsta Airport, which is located less than from the city centre. Nyköping is part of the wider area of the Mälaren Valley, located around south of inner Stockholm and east of Norrköping, the nearest larger city. The municipal border between Nyköping and Norrköping marks the point where the historical lands Götaland and Svealand converge on the east coast.

It retains an oceanic/continental climate hybrid, causing warm summers and winters around the freezing point with variable snow cover.

History

The area bears traces of settlers since around 2000 BC. In the early medieval age, around 1000 AD, Nyköping was a capital of one of the many Swedish petty kingdoms. In the 13th century, construction on the Nyköping Fortress begun; the following century it became the strongest fortress in the country. The coat of arms probably depicts the fortress, or one of its towers.

In 1317, the Nyköping Banquet took place, a renowned episode in Sweden's history, when King Birger of Sweden captured his two brothers as revenge for earlier sufferings and had them imprisoned without food until they starved to death (See ''Nyköpings gästabud'').

The earliest known charter dates from 1444, making it one of the now defunct Cities in Sweden. In the 16th century, Nyköping became the seat of Duke Charles, who later became Charles IX of Sweden. With the status of a Royal residential seat, Nyköping was at its peak of development.

In 1665 large parts of the city including the fortress were damaged in a fire. The same thing happened again in 1719 when Russian troops invaded the city. It was then rebuilt with its current street plan.

Nyköping was industrialized relatively early compared to the rest of Sweden. In the early 19th century, textile industry was established, and the population soon rose as Nyköping's industry grew. In 1879, C.A. Wedholms mejerikärlsfabrik was founded, starting to produce milk churns. Wedholms still has activity in Nyköping and is a milk cooling tank manufacturer.

20th century

Nyköping was the town where Nordiska Kompaniet had its furniture factory. The business created a spin-off named ANA, which licence-built American and English cars, as Plymouth, De Soto, Hillman and Sunbeam. The company was later purchased by Saab Automobile and led to SAAB becoming the largest employer in the town during the 1980s, as well as the relocation of the headquarters to Spelhagen. But when GM bought SAAB from Investor AB, the headquarters was moved back to Trollhättan and about two thousand lost their jobs.

Military history

Nyköping has been a stronghold for the reconnaissance squadrons of the Swedish Air Force. Between 1941 and 1980, the nearby Stockholm Skavsta Airport hosted the Södermanland Wing (F 11), which had three squadrons with reconnaissance aircraft. It was the only dedicated reconnaissance wing in the Swedish Air Force. The city has also hosted the flying school of the Swedish Army which was located at Brandholmen between 1963 and 1985.

Geography

Position

Nyköping lies about south-west of the capital Stockholm along the Baltic Sea. It is roughly north-east of Norrköping, both cities being accessible by highway-divided motorway. It is also about south of Eskilstuna; the largest settlement of the county. The northern areas of the city is on exactly the same parallel of 58° 46' N as Canadian "polar bear capital of the world" Churchill, demonstrating how warm the climate is in comparison in spite of its northerly latitude. The southern edge of the municipality also straddles the same parallel as the northernmost point of mainland Scotland at Thurso – that has a much more narrower range of temperature. The southern edge of the municipality is the southernmost point of Svealand, the middle of Sweden's traditional three crown lands that once formed the country. The city is located at a few miles more southerly latitude than the country's northernmost west coast town of Strömstad. The line of 17°E goes through Nyköping, thus the city is eight minutes ahead in solar time of the GMT +1 line that Sweden follows for its time zone.

Living environment

Nyköping is the exodus of a small river named Nyköpingsån (Nyköping River), which runs through the city centre, dividing the city into a natural eastern and western part. Due to the narrowness of the river, there are a full seven crossings available for automobile traffic, one of them being for the E4. For pedestrians and bikers, an additional seven bridges are available, and in addition to that there is also one bridge for train traffic. All automobile bridges except E4 also carry pedestrian sidewalks, which means transport is seldom made longer than the actual distance. There is also a small pedestrian bridge in an unpopulated nature reserve called ''Hållet'' that is very close to the E4 route.

The small river Kilaån separates Nyköping and Arnö, with that river being even narrower. Also separating Nyköping and Arnö is the so-called ''Stadsfjärden'' (the City bay), which is a bay stretching around the Arnö peninsula down to the neighboring municipality of Oxelösund. Stadsfjärden is primarily used for tourist shipping and canoeing, with an internationally renowned canoeing stadium being situated along the northern shore. The port is much smaller than Oxelösund's and is primarily used for civil traffic, as opposed to cargo shipments and ferry traffic which is dominated by nearby ports of Oxelösund and Nynäshamn. This is due to the port being some 15 kilometres from open sea as opposed to Oxelösund's position on the edge of the peninsula. Even though Nyköping is a relatively flat city there are some hills in the northern parts of the town, barely reaching 50 metres altitude. The city centre is essentially just above sea level and does not rise above 20 metres altitude, although it contains hills surrounding it.

Populated areas of Nyköping

* ''Brandholmen''
* ''Brandkärr''
* ''Bryngelstorp''
* ''Ekensberg''
* ''FÃ¥gelbo''
* ''Isaksdal''
* ''Harg''
* ''Herrhagen'' (at Arnö)
* ''Högbrunn''
* ''Kuggnäs (at Arnö)
* ''Långsätter'' (at Arnö)
* ''Malmbryggshagen''
* ''Myntan (at Arnö)''
* ''Oppeby''
* '' Oxbacken''
* ''PÃ¥ljungshage''
* ''Rosenkälla''
* ''Stenkulla''
* ''Väster'' (the West)
* ''Öster'' (the East)
* ''Östra bergen'' (the Eastern Mountains)

The area of ''Gumsbacken'' only carries a large shopping mall centre but is part of the city proper.

Connected areas

The rural localities of Sjösa, Bergshammar, Svalsta and Enstaberga located within are connected to the city centre by cycle tracks with permanent lighting. In addition there is a nature and coastal area called ''Tjuvholmen'' east of the city centre that is part of the locality with many holiday homes. Tjuvholmen lacks an asphalted access road and is in general seen as a rural area in spite of its proximity to the city centre. East of Arnö on the southern shore there are similar areas such as ''Örstig'', which is connected by asphalt road and cycle tracks to Arnö and Nyköping. Other nearby rural areas on the southern shore include holiday home areas such as ''Linudden'' and ''Örstigsnäs'', as well as the coastal camping place of ''Strandstugeviken''. There is also lighted cycling tracks all the way south roughly to the neighbouring city Oxelösund, making pedestrian and biking transport to nearby areas effective and avoids potentially dangerous contacts with motor vehicles.

Elections

Nyköping is the seat of Nyköping Municipality and this table just records how the urban area (including Arnö) has voted, contrasting with the rural electoral wards.

Riksdag

Transportation

Buses

Nyköping's intercity and city bus-links are operated by Nobina Sverige. The city bus network consists of seven lines:

Map of city bus lines

Coaches to Stockholm and Gothenburg are operated by Flixbus.

Rail

The city is located on a branch line to the Södra stambanan. Scheduled railway connections on the line is provided by SJ AB. These are mostly operated by Rc-hauled trainsets. SJ does currently not operate any X 2000 services to Nyköping.

The planned new high-speed rail Ostlänken going from Stockholm to Linköping will have two stops in the city, one at the new planned train station and one at Skavsta Airport. The railway will later be connected with the planned high-speed rail Götalandsbanan going from Linköping to Gothenburg, which will make it possible to go from Stockholm to Gothenburg in two hours. It is planned to be finished between 2033 and 2035.

Air

Stockholm-Skavsta Airport offers intra-European routes on Ryanair and Wizz Air. The airport is located about 10 kilometers outside of the city and is connected with bus from the city center.

Climate

Nyköping has, along with the rest of Mälardalen, a relatively mild humid continental climate ( Dfb). In recent decades, the climate has more resembled a four-season oceanic climate. Winter averages around the freezing point during daytime with only the cold nights causing winter conditions in many winters. Summer average highs are between and depending on month and weather patterns. However, both summers and winters have been significantly warmer and colder, respectively, than the averages. Temperatures over are occasional but not overly common, with temperatures above unknown in recent decades. Winters are normally tempered by the Gulf Stream influence from the west and the Baltic Sea to the east, but when cold air breaks through cold temperatures can occur, sometimes for a prolonged time. As typical of southern Sweden there is a slight seasonal lag, meaning that the warmest period is often occurring during the second half of summer.

The seaside effect due to southerlies frequently travelling over water often prevents heat waves from impacting Nyköping, resulting in lower diurnals with very mild nights, while Norrköping to its west often is hot during the day and cools down at night.

The inland areas of the municipality are very much similar to the coastal areas, but the weather station at Skavsta shows lower summer mean temperatures than Oxelösund, indicating that the inner city wider urban area nearer the water has milder nights year round. Both stations are within a meteorological relevant range from the city centre.

After many years without any weather station, the SMHI set up a precipitation reader in Nyköping in 2020. The nearest temperature station is seaside at Femöre in Oxelösund, about south by air. Nyköping is slightly warmer during the day than Oxelösund during summer and shoulder seasons, while being somewhat colder during winter days and nights year round.

Sports

Nyköping has two major sport clubs:

* Nyköpings Boll- och Idrottsällskap is the local Division 2 football club; they play their home matches at the Rosvalla Nyköping Eventcenter.
* Nyköpings Hockey is the local ice hockey club; its home rink is PEAB Arena.

Other clubs are football club Harg, the football and handball teams of IFK Nyköping and also includes Onyx in floorball.

The city is yet to have a team in the major football or hockey leagues of Sweden, with stints in the second tiers being the greatest achievements for both main sides.

Sights

Nyköping includes the cinem
Biostaden
which houses Sweden's largest cinema screen. The cinema was newly built from the ground in 2012. It is located in Högbrunn.
Nyköpings Stadsbibliotek
(Nyköping City Library) is located in the city center, which offers various book clubs and activities for children. There is free Internet access and wifi for visitors. It has books of all genres, for all ages, and in many languages.

File:Stora torget i Nyköping.JPG, City hall
File:Culturum i Nyköping.jpg, Library and cultural center
File:Nyköpingshus2.JPG, Nyköping Castle
File:Nyköping, Vattugränd.JPG, Vattengränd, the oldest street in Nyköping
File:Westerlingska gården.JPG, Westerlingska gården
File:Tornhusen Rosvalla Nyköping aug 2010.jpg, Rosvalla Highrise
File:Brandholmen Nyköping.jpg, Brandholmen Seaside houses
File:Sankta Anna kyrka i Nyköping.jpg, Sankta Anna Catholic Church
File:Sankta Katarina kyrka Arnö2 sept 2010.jpg, Sankta Katarina Lutheran Church, Arnö
File:Hjortensbergskyrkan Nyköping.jpg, Hjortensberg Pentecostal Church
File:Gunnar Asplunds Villa Sturegården i Nyköping.png, Villa Sturegården, by architect Gunnar Asplund
File:Sunlight Hemgården Nyköping.jpg, Former headquarters of Sunlights AB
File:Spelhagen Nyköping sept 2010.jpg, Spelhagen, former location of AB Nyköpings Automobilfabrik
File:Nyköpingshus maingate.jpg, Castle main gate
File:Rökeriet Nyköping.jpg, Rökeriet Nyköping

Twin cities

* Iisalmi, Finland
* Lauf an der Pegnitz, Germany
* Notodden, Norway
* Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
* Salacgrīva, Latvia
* Kangaroo Point, Australia
* ÅŒarai, Japan

References

External links

*

Visit Nyköping
– The official visitors' guide

Nyköping Facebook
– The official Facebook-page

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nykoping

Cities in Sweden
Coastal cities and towns in Sweden
County seats in Sweden
Market towns in Sweden
Municipal seats of Södermanland County
Populated places in Nyköping Municipality
Swedish municipal seats
Viking Age populated places