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Nyang'i (Nyangia) is the nearly extinct
Kuliak language The Kuliak languages, also called the Rub languages,Ehret, Christopher (2001) ''A Historical-Comparative Reconstruction of Nilo-Saharan'' (SUGIA, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika: Beihefte 12), Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, . are a group of lan ...
of the Nyangea hunter-gatherers of northeastern
Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa. The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. The south ...
. The 15,000 Nyangia have shifted to speaking Karamojong. The name is variously spelled ''Gyangiya, Ngangea, Ngiangeya, Nuangeya, Nyangeya, Nyangiya, Nyuangia'', and is also known as Poren (''Ngapore, Niporen, Nipori, Upale'').


History

According to Wiedemann & Nannyombi (2007), the Ik separated into three groups after having migrated from the north, likely modern-day Ethiopia. The three groups were: Tepes, Nyangia (who moved to the Nyang’i mountains), and Ik. Driberg (1932) reported that the Nyangiya tribe had dwindled down to only a few hundred members who were forgetting their language even then, and preferred speaking “Dododh, a Nilo-Hamitic tongue akin to Karamojong”. Driberg states that Nyangiya is largely influenced by Dododh, and they also have a few words in common with their neighbors, the Acholi, who lived to the west. He suggests that the Acholi’s language is a purer form of Nyangiya. By 1975, it was reported by Heine that Nyang’i was only spoken by 100 people, and that most speakers had shifted to “Dodoth,” a dialect of Karamojong. Nyang'i and Thathi are believed to have worked together in their respective rituals of sacrifice to ensure abundant rainfall and the health and vigor of children and livestock. The Nyang'i are known as "people of the rain" because they sacrificed solely for rain to secure a good harvest. Nyang'i sacrifice sought to ensure a "period of peace," marked by rains and intensive cultivation creating a successful harvest. The Nyang'i people were known to use magic in their sacrifice.


Last remaining speaker

Beer (2017) reports that the last remaining semi-speaker of Nyang'i is Komol Isaach. Isaach is the only semi-speaker of Nyang'i out of an ethnic group of 9,630 people (2014 Uganda census). As the time of writing, Isaach lived in Puda village on the western slopes of the Nyangea Mountains in Lobalangit Subcounty,
Kaabong District Kaabong District is a district in the Northern Region of Uganda. The district headquarters are in the town of Kaabong. Location Kaabong District is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest, Kenya to the northeast and the east, Moroto District ...
, northeastern Uganda, located just to the west of the Ik-speaking areas in the same district.Schrock, Terrill. 2017. ''The Ik language: Dictionary and grammar sketch'', p.3. (African Language Grammars and Dictionaries, 1.) Berlin: Language Science Press. Isaach's primary language is Karamojong, and he also has some limited knowledge of Swahili. His parents were both Ik speakers who had switched to speaking Karamojong when he was a child. Nyang'i data was collected by Beer (2017) from Isaach in 2012 and 2014.Beer, Samuel James. 2017. Grammatical Contraction in Nyang'i: A Descriptive and Comparative Study. Doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder. Since Isaach is the last remaining speaker, Beer's (2017) documentation of Nyang'i is salvage work on a "contracted
idiolect Idiolect is an individual's unique use of language, including speech. This unique usage encompasses vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. This differs from a dialect, a common set of linguistic characteristics shared among a group of people. Th ...
" rather than an actual vital language (Beer 2017: 7). The Okuti variety of
Acholi Acholi may refer to: * Acholi people, a Luo nation of Uganda, in the Northern part of the country. * Acholi language Acholi (also Leb Acoli, or Leb Lwo) is a Southern Luo dialect spoken by the Acholi people in the districts of Gulu District, ...
is spoken to the west of the Nyangea Mountains (the Nyang'i area), while the Napore variety of Karamojong is spoken to the east.Beer (2017: 5) Ethnic Nyang'i people have shifted to speaking these languages.


Grammar

According to Driberg, there is an absence of grammatical gender in the Nyang'i language.


Vocabulary


Swadesh listList of vocabulary
(pages 604-5)


References

{{Languages of Uganda Kuliak languages Languages of Uganda Extinct languages of Africa Kaabong District