Nuestra Señora De La Candelaria De Jaro

Nuestra Señora de la Purificación y la Candelaria (English: "Our Lady of Purification and Candle") is a venerated image of the Blessed Virgin Mary enshrined in Jaro Cathedral and the patroness of Western Visayas.

The devotion to Candelaria de Jaro derives from the original Virgin of Candelaria in Canarias, Spain and its feast day or Candlemas is celebrated every February 2.

Pope John Paul II (now a papal saint) personally crowned the image on February 20, 1981. It is the first Marian image in Asia crowned by a pope and saint in person. Later, the image is declared as the patroness of Western Visayas via decree ''Quod Urbes'' on 1982.

Description

The title commemorates Mary's ritual purification during the Presentation of Jesus. ''Halakha'' (Jewish law) ordered that firstborn sons be redeemed at the Temple in Jerusalem when they were 40 days old. The mother, who expelled blood during the birth, was considered unclean for a week and 33 days thereafter, necessitating her purification at the same time the child is redeemed. Even though in Catholic doctrine, Mary herself was considered sinless ever since her Concepcion due to the merits of Christ. This, according to the theological treatises of Blessed Ramon Llull, the original author who wrote of the doctrine of "The Immaculate Concepcion". He was an ardent admirer as well as a staunch critic of Islamic thinkers: Al-Farabi, Avicenna and Ibn Sab'in. The Virgin Mary was pure and virginal: before, during and after Christ's birth, and has no need for "ritual purification" but due to her humility participated in the ritual anyway and by her humility showed the way for the purification of the whole of mankind. The Christ-child wears a necklace of gold bearing an elephant, giving it connections to the ancient kingdom of Pannai in Sumatra where the elephant was sacred to Hinduism and Buddhism, making the Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Jaro a functional Palladium (protective image).

Marian cult and veneration

The limestone statue discovered in the 16th-century was miraculously lifted up by fishermen who discovered its weight changed from something unable to be carried to one which was able to, when the Bishop declared that it should be placed on the Jaro church. It was also once found floating in the Iloilo River, something fascinating since stone statues don't usually float. It depicts Mary and the Child Jesus carrying tapers in their right hands a symbol of light and purification. It is customarily vested in gold cloth; crowns adorn mother and son, the latter holding a ''globus cruciger'' in his left hand symbolizing Christ's reign over the whole earth. The candle held by the cathedral's holy image is today tipped with a red electrical bulb.

History

Tradition recounts the statue's first appearance in 1587, when a group of fishermen found it floating in the Iloilo River. The fishermen initially could not lift the image due to its weight, but when they decided to bring it to Jaro, the image suddenly became easier to carry. The statue was initially placed in a small niche near the apex of the local church's central spire. Folklore speaks of the statue's growth in size over the centuries, to the point that it was transferred to the balcony. The image's shrine is accessible today by a flight of steps attached to the cathedral's northeastern façade.

The statue was declared patroness of the Western Visayas by Pope John Paul II who, in person, canonically crowned this image on February 20, 1981, during his first Apostolic Visit to the Philippines. It is thus the only Marian statue in the Philippines personally crowned by the Pontiff (and saint) instead of a proxy legate.

National Shrine

Pope Pius IX authorised the canonical erection of the Diocese of Jaro on May 25, 1865. Bishop Mariano Cuartero took possession of the diocese in 1868, and later partitioned it into nine dioceses. In 1874, Cuartero had the cathedral built on the site, dedicating it to Elizabeth of Hungary.

The original edifice was among the many structures destroyed in the Lady Caycay earthquake, an 8.2 surface wave magnitude tremor which struck Panay Island on January 25, 1948. Pope Pius XII elevated Jaro to an archdiocese on June 29, 1951, via a papal bull, and the cathedral was fully restored by 1956 under José María Cuenco, the first Archbishop of Jaro.

In January 2012, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines approved "National Shrine of the Our Lady of Candles" as an additional title for the cathedral.

Confraternity

The ''Cofradia de la Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria'' is the shrine's lay confraternity recognized by the Archdiocese of Jaro.

Feast

The Feast of Our Lady of the Candles, also known as the Jaro Fiesta, is an annual religious festival celebrated every February 2 in the district of Jaro. It is considered one of the largest Marian feasts in the country. The celebration is district-wide, with the main activities centered around Jaro Plaza and the Jaro Cathedral.

The festival begins on January 24 with daily novena prayers and ''novenario'' masses that continue until February 1. The masses are celebrated both at the cathedral’s main altar and at the grotto in the cathedral grounds. A significant event on February 1 is the Coronation of ''Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria'', a solemn ceremony honoring the patroness. The feast day itself, February 2, features two pontifical masses. The morning mass, conducted in Hiligaynon, includes the blessing of candles brought by the faithful, while the evening mass is celebrated in English.

Another unique tradition observed on February 2 is the ''Discurso sa Mahal nga Iloy'' (), a liturgical event that commemorates the presentation of the Child Jesus in the temple and the purification of Mary, reflecting biblical customs. Central to this tradition is the ''binalaybay'', where a young person offers songs and prayers extolling the virtues of the Virgin Mary. The day culminates in a grand procession where the image of ''Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria'' is carried through the streets of Jaro. The procession is led by the Jaro Fiesta Queen and her court, along with representatives of local schools, barangays, institutions, clergy, and organizations.

Beyond the religious activities, the festival also includes the Jaro-Agro Industrial and Charity Fair, a trade fair showcasing local products from Jaro. Another highlight is the Jaro Fiesta Queen, a longstanding tradition where the queen and her court are selected from prominent families in Jaro. The queen makes three major appearances: during the kick-off float parade in late January, the religious procession on February 2, and the coronation night.

See also

* Roman Catholicism in the Philippines
*Jaro Cathedral
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Jaro
* St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary

References

{{Marian Images in the Philippines

Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Catholic Church in the Philippines
Religion in Iloilo
Jaro, Iloilo City
Iloilo City
Titles of Mary, mother of Jesus
Statues of the Madonna and Child