Noël Carroll (2005)
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Noel Carroll (born December 25, 1947, in Far Rockaway, New York City) is an American philosopher and a leading figure in the contemporary
philosophy of art Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and taste, which in a broad sense incorporates the philosophy of art.Slater, B. H.Aesthetics ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' , acces ...
. In 2016 in ''Leiter Reports: A Philosophy Blog'', Carroll was ranked sixth in a list of the Best Anglophone Philosophers of Art post-1945.  In addition to his work in the philosophy of art, Carroll also works in the philosophies of particular artforms, including
literature Literature is any collection of Writing, written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, Play (theatre), plays, and poetry, poems. It includes both print and Electroni ...
,
painting Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...
,
theater Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors to present experiences of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communi ...
,
dance Dance is an The arts, art form, consisting of sequences of body movements with aesthetic and often Symbol, symbolic value, either improvised or purposefully selected. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoir ...
and, most notably, cinema and television where he is a prominent proponent of cognitive theories of the moving image.  In addition, he has contributed to the theory of media, the
philosophy of history Philosophy of history is the philosophy, philosophical study of history and its academic discipline, discipline. The term was coined by the French philosopher Voltaire. In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between the ''specul ...
, and the philosophy of the emotions.  Carroll has also worked as a journalist and has written five documentary motion pictures.  Since 2007, he has held the position of Distinguished Professor in the
philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...
program at the
CUNY Graduate Center The Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York (CUNY Graduate Center) is a public research institution and postgraduate university in New York City. Formed in 1961 as Division of Graduate Studies at City University ...
.


Education

Carroll originally graduated from
Hofstra University Hofstra University is a Private university, private research university in Hempstead, New York, United States. It originated in 1935 as an extension of New York University and became an independent college in 1939. Comprising ten schools, includ ...
in 1969 with a
Bachelor of Arts A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts deg ...
, majoring in philosophy. He gained three
Master of Arts A Master of Arts ( or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA or AM) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Those admitted to the degree have ...
in Philosophy, Cinema Studies and Philosophy from the
University of Pittsburgh The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a Commonwealth System of Higher Education, state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is composed of seventeen undergraduate and graduate schools and colle ...
,
New York University New York University (NYU) is a private university, private research university in New York City, New York, United States. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin as a Nondenominational ...
and the University of Illinois Chicago, respectively. During his tenure at New York University, he also completed his
PhD A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...
of the title: "An In-Depth Analysis of Buster Keaton's ''The General''". He later completed another PhD from the University of Illinois Chicago in 1983.


Career

Carroll holds two
PhDs A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the deg ...
, one in cinema studies and the other in
philosophy Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...
. From 1972 to 1988, he worked as a journalist covering film, theater, performance, and fine art for publications such as the ''
Chicago Reader The ''Chicago Reader'', or ''Reader'' (stylized as ЯEADER), is an American alternative newspaper in Chicago, Illinois, noted for its literary style of journalism and coverage of the arts, particularly film and theater. The ''Reader'' has been ...
'', ''
Artforum ''Artforum'' is an international monthly magazine specializing in contemporary art. The magazine is distinguished from other magazines by its unique 10½ × 10½ inch square format, with each cover often devoted to the work of an artist. Notably ...
'', '' In These Times'', ''
Dance Magazine ''Dance Magazine'' is an American trade publication for dance. It was first published in June 1927 as ''The American Dancer''. ''Dance Magazine'' is currently part of Dance Media, led by longtime arts publisher Joanna Harp as president, and has mu ...
'', ''
SoHo Weekly News The ''SoHo Weekly News'' (SWN) was a weekly alternative newspaper founded by music publicist Michael Goldstein and published in New York City from 1973 to 1982. Positioned as a competitor to ''The Village Voice'', it struggled financially. T ...
,'' and ''
The Village Voice ''The Village Voice'' is an American news and culture publication based in Greenwich Village, New York City, known for being the country's first Alternative newspaper, alternative newsweekly. Founded in 1955 by Dan Wolf (publisher), Dan Wolf, ...
''. Many of these early articles have been collected in his 2011 book ''Living in an Artworld''. He has also written five documentaries. Carroll has taught philosophy in a range of academic settings in the U.S. and abroad. Since 2007, he has been based at the Graduate Center of the
City University of New York The City University of New York (CUNY, pronounced , ) is the Public university, public university system of Education in New York City, New York City. It is the largest urban university system in the United States, comprising 25 campuses: eleven ...
as Distinguished Professor. Earlier, he held named professorships at
Temple University Temple University (Temple or TU) is a public university, public Commonwealth System of Higher Education, state-related research university in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded in 1884 by the Baptist ministe ...
and the
University of Wisconsin–Madison The University of Wisconsin–Madison (University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public land-grant research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. It was founded in 1848 when Wisconsin achieved st ...
, and has also spent time teaching at institutions such as the
University of Auckland The University of Auckland (; Māori: ''Waipapa Taumata Rau'') is a public research university based in Auckland, New Zealand. The institution was established in 1883 as a constituent college of the University of New Zealand. Initially loc ...
, Cornell, Wesleyan, and Columbia.


Philosophical works

One of Carroll's most well-known books is ''The Philosophy of Horror, or Paradoxes of the Heart'' (1990). It is an examination of the
aesthetics Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and taste (sociology), taste, which in a broad sense incorporates the philosophy of art.Slater, B. H.Aesthetics ''Internet Encyclopedia of Ph ...
of
horror fiction Horror is a genre of speculative fiction that is intended to disturb, frighten, or scare an audience. Horror is often divided into the sub-genres of psychological horror and supernatural horror. Literary historian J. A. Cuddon, in 1984, defin ...
(in novels, stories, radio and film). In ''A Philosophy of Mass Art'' (1998), Carroll offered a defense of mass-produced art forms such as cinema, radio, and television. In ''On Criticism'' (2009), he presented a theory of art criticism and argued for its objectivity. His 2022 work, ''Classics in the Western Philosophy of Art'', examines key figures in the Western philosophical tradition, including
Plato Plato ( ; Greek language, Greek: , ; born  BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical Greece, Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the writte ...
,
Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...
, Hutcheson, Hume,
Kant Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, et ...
, Schopenhauer,
Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using pre-reform Russian orthography. ; ), usually referr ...
, and Clive Bell, offering commentary on their contributions to aesthetics. Carroll has contributed to, while also sometimes initiating, a number of discussions in the contemporary
philosophy of art Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and taste, which in a broad sense incorporates the philosophy of art.Slater, B. H.Aesthetics ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy,'' , acces ...
. These include the definition of art, moderate actual intentionalism, moderate moralism, the content-based approach to aesthetic experience, a purpose-driven model of art criticism, the characterization of aesthetic appreciation as a form of evaluative judgment, a definition of mass art, and arguments in support of the cognitive value of art. His work also addresses topics such as philosophizing through artworks, anti-autonomism, the nature of the
avant-garde In the arts and literature, the term ''avant-garde'' ( meaning or ) identifies an experimental genre or work of art, and the artist who created it, which usually is aesthetically innovative, whilst initially being ideologically unacceptable ...
, the ethics of racist humor, the relationship between art and emotion and mood, narrative and fiction, medium-specificity in criticism, and the interplay between art and ideology.


Theory of the Moving Image

Carroll’s best-known book in this area of inquiry is his criticism of Marxist/Psychoanalytic film theory which book was entitled ''Mystifying Movies: Fads and Fallacies in Contemporary Film Theory'' (1988). His book helped set the stage for the resurgence of the cognitive study of the
moving image A film, also known as a movie or motion picture, is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, emotions, or atmosphere through the use of moving images that are generally, sinc ...
. Carroll also co-edited a book with
David Bordwell David Jay Bordwell (; July 23, 1947 – February 29, 2024) was an American film theorist and film historian. After receiving his PhD from the University of Iowa in 1973, he wrote more than fifteen volumes on the subject of cinema including ''Na ...
called ''Post-Theory: Reconstructing Film Studies'' (1996) which challenged grand unified theories of cinema, such as Marxist/Psychoanalytic film theory, in favor of middle-level research. In addition to his general contribution to the emergence of cognitivist approaches to the study of the moving image, Carroll has offered theories of, among other things, suspense, point-of-view editing, the documentary, the image of women in film, the representation of race and ethnicity, film genres, the evaluation of motion pictures, and cinema style.


Books about Carroll

Two academic monographs have been published focusing on Noel Carroll's philosophical work. ''Noel Carroll'' by Hae-Won Lee (Communication Books, 2017) offers an introduction to Carroll's theories of art, narrative, and media, and was published in Korean. ''Noel Carroll and Film: A Philosophy of Art and Popular Culture'' by Mario Slugan (
Bloomsbury Academic Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction. Bloomsbury's head office is located on Bedford Square in Bloomsbury, an area of the London Borough of Camden. It has a US publishing office located in ...
, 2019) examines Carroll's influence on the philosophy of film and aesthetics, situating his work within broader debates in analytic philosophy and
popular culture Popular culture (also called pop culture or mass culture) is generally recognized by members of a society as a set of cultural practice, practices, beliefs, artistic output (also known as popular art
f. pop art F is the sixth letter of the Latin alphabet. F may also refer to: Science and technology Mathematics * F or f, the number 15 (number), 15 in hexadecimal and higher positional systems * ''p'F'q'', the hypergeometric function * F-distributi ...
or mass art, sometimes contraste ...
.


Awards

*
American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other ...
Fellowship (2025) *
Guggenheim Fellowship Guggenheim Fellowships are Grant (money), grants that have been awarded annually since by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, endowed by the late Simon Guggenheim, Simon and Olga Hirsh Guggenheim. These awards are bestowed upon indiv ...
(2002) * Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, Graduate Center,
City University of New York The City University of New York (CUNY, pronounced , ) is the Public university, public university system of Education in New York City, New York City. It is the largest urban university system in the United States, comprising 25 campuses: eleven ...
(2007–Present) * Danforth Fellowship (1969–1975) *Filderman Award in Philosophy,
Hofstra University Hofstra University is a Private university, private research university in Hempstead, New York, United States. It originated in 1935 as an extension of New York University and became an independent college in 1939. Comprising ten schools, includ ...
(1967–1969)


Selected publications

Carroll is the author of more than two hundred articles and other works:


Books

*''Philosophical Problems of Classical Film Theory'', Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1988. *''Mystifying Movies: Fads and Fallacies in Contemporary Film Theory'', New York, Columbia University Press, 1988. *''The Philosophy of Horror, or Paradoxes of the Heart'', New York, Routledge, 1990. *''Theorizing the Moving Image'', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1996. *''A Philosophy of Mass Art'', New York, Oxford University Press, 1998. *''Interpreting the Moving Image'', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998. *''Philosophy of Art: A Contemporary Introduction'', New York, Routledge, 1999. *''Beyond Aesthetics: Philosophical Essays'', Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001. *''Engaging the Moving Image'', New Haven, Yale University Press, 2003. *''Comedy Incarnate: Buster Keaton, Physical Humour and Bodily Coping'', Malden, Blackwell Publishing, 2007. *''The Philosophy of Motion Pictures'', Malden, Blackwell Publishing, 2008. *''On Criticism'', London, Routledge, 2009. *''Art in Three Dimensions'', Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010. *''Living in an Artworld: Reviews and Essays on Dance, Performance, Theater, and the Fine Arts in the 1970s and 1980s'', Louisville, KY: Chicago Spectrum Press, 2012. *''Humour: A Very Short Introduction'', Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014. *''Carroll on Theatre'' (Beijing, China: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2019). * *''Movie-Made Philosophy: In Defense of the Possibility  of Philosophizing through Films'' (Teheran, Iran: Niloofar Publisher, 2024). *''Philosophy and the Moving Image,'' Oxford,
Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books ...
, 2020. *''Arthur Danto's Philosophy of Art: Essays'', Boston, Brill, 2021. *''Classics in Western Philosophy of Art,'' Indianapolis,
Hackett Publishing Company Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. is an academic publishing house located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was originally founded and located near Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Since beginning operations in 1972, Hackett has concen ...
, 2022.


Edited volumes

*''Post-Theory: Reconstructing Film Studies'' (edited with
David Bordwell David Jay Bordwell (; July 23, 1947 – February 29, 2024) was an American film theorist and film historian. After receiving his PhD from the University of Iowa in 1973, he wrote more than fifteen volumes on the subject of cinema including ''Na ...
), Madison,
University of Wisconsin Press The University of Wisconsin Press (sometimes abbreviated as UW Press) is a Non-profit organization, non-profit university press publishing Peer review, peer-reviewed books and journals. It publishes work by scholars from the global academic comm ...
, 1996. *''Theories of Art Today'', Madison,
University of Wisconsin Press The University of Wisconsin Press (sometimes abbreviated as UW Press) is a Non-profit organization, non-profit university press publishing Peer review, peer-reviewed books and journals. It publishes work by scholars from the global academic comm ...
, 2000. *''Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures'' (edited with Jinhee Choi), Malden, Blackwell Publishing, 2006. *''Philosophy in the Twilight Zone'' (edited with Lester Hunt), Oxford, Blackwell, 2009. *''The Poetics, Aesthetics and Philosophy of Narrative'' (edited with an introduction by Noël Carroll), Oxford, Blackwell, 2009. *''Narrative, Emotion, and Insight'', with John Gibson.
Penn State University Press The Penn State University Press, also known as The Pennsylvania State University Press, is a non-profit publisher of scholarly books and journals. Established in 1956, it is the independent publishing branch of the Pennsylvania State University ...
, 20011. *''Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Literature'', with John Gibson, Routledge, 2016. *''The Palgrave Handbook of the Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures'' '','' with Laura T. Di Summa, Shawn Loht, Palgrave macmillan, 2019. *''The Routledge Companion to the Philosophies of Painting and Sculpture'', with Jonathan Gilmore,
Routledge Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanit ...
, 2023.


Selected articles

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Carroll, Noel (2019). “Medium Specificity.” ''The Palgrave Handbook of the Philosophy of Film and Motion Pictures'', Palgrave macmillan, 29-47


See also

*
American philosophy American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can neverthe ...
*
List of American philosophers American philosophy is the activity, corpus, and tradition of philosophers affiliated with the United States. The ''Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' notes that while it lacks a "core of defining features, American Philosophy can neverthe ...


References


Sources

* Mario Slugan, ''Noël Carroll and Film: A Philosophy of Art and Popular Culture''. Bloomsbury, 2019.


External links


Phil Papers

Carroll's archive on the CUNY Philosophy Commons
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Carroll, Noel 1947 births 20th-century American educators 20th-century American essayists 20th-century American historians 20th-century American journalists 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American philosophers 20th-century American educational theorists 21st-century American educators 21st-century American essayists 21st-century American historians 21st-century American journalists 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American philosophers 21st-century American educational theorists American art critics American dance critics American ethicists American film critics American film historians American journalists American literary theorists American male essayists American male non-fiction writers American mass media scholars American music theorists American philosophy academics American theater critics Analytic philosophers Communication theorists American critics of postmodernism CUNY Graduate Center faculty Film theorists Humor researchers Living people Mass media theorists American media critics Metaphor theorists Phenomenologists American philosophers of art American philosophers of culture American philosophers of education Philosophers of history Philosophers of literature American philosophers of social science Trope theorists Theorists on Western civilization SoHo Weekly News people Hofstra University alumni