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Nový Bydžov (; german: Neubidschow) is a town in Hradec Králové District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,000 inhabitants. The town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone and the Vysočany part of Nový Bydžov is protected as a village monument zone.


Administrative parts

Villages of Chudonice, Nová Skřeněř, Skochovice, Stará Skřeněř, Vysočany, Zábědov and Žantov are administrative parts of Nový Bydžov.


Geography

Nový Bydžov is located about west of Hradec Králové. It lies in a flat agricultural landscape of the East Elbe Table. The highest point is the hill Velký Borek at . The town is situated on the
Cidlina Cidlina () is a river in the Czech Republic, draining south from its source in Tábor hill near Lomnice nad Popelkou through Jičín, Nový Bydžov and Chlumec nad Cidlinou, merging with the Elbe at Libice nad Cidlinou. Cidlina is 87.3 kilometres ...
River.


History

The first written mention of Nový Bydžov is from 1305, when it was a royal town of King
Wenceslaus II Wenceslaus II Přemyslid ( cs, Václav II.; pl, Wacław II Czeski; 27 SeptemberK. Charvátová, ''Václav II. Král český a polský'', Prague 2007, p. 18. 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1 ...
. In 1325, King
John of Bohemia John the Blind or John of Luxembourg ( lb, Jang de Blannen; german: link=no, Johann der Blinde; cz, Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of ...
sold it to the Wartemberg family. In 1516 the property passed into the hands of the
Pernštejn family The Pernštejn (german: Pernstein) was one of the seven Moravian dynasty families and the most important (uradel) family originating from Moravian nobility. The first mentioned member of House of Pernštejn lived in the 13th century. They took th ...
, and during their rule the town prospered and gained new privileges. With the permission of the nobility, the Jewish population settled in the town. From 1548, Nový Bydžov was owned by the Waldstein family. In 1569, Nový Bydžov was exempt by payment from servitude and became the royal dowry town. The development of the town was stopped by the Thirty Years' War. From 1751 to 1784, it was the royal seat of the newly created Nový Bydžov Region which included the Giant Mountains from Vrchlabí through Jilemnice, Nová Paka, Jičín, Hořice, Nový Bydžov, Chlumec nad Cidlinou and Poděbrady as far as Sadská. In 1784, the seat of the region was transferred to Jičín due to its position, but the name of the region remained the same until 1850. In 1850, it was still the most populated town in the region. Nový Bydžov was then from 1850 until 1960 the district centre. After districts had been abolished it did not cease to be the natural centre of the region.


Demographics


Culture

Since the 1840s, the town is known for its annual student celebrations called ''merenda''.


Sights

The historic core has regular medieval floor plan with Masarykovo Square in the centre. In the middle of the square is a Marian
plague column Plague or The Plague may refer to: Agriculture, fauna, and medicine *Plague (disease), a disease caused by ''Yersinia pestis'' * An epidemic of infectious disease (medical or agricultural) * A pandemic caused by such a disease * A swarm of pes ...
from 1716. The town hall from 1862–1865 is one of the most valuable Neo-Gothic town halls in the country. The Art Nouveau building of the former savings bank from 1905–1907 houses today the Town Museum. The museum contains exhibits on prehistory of the region, rural ethnography, the Bydžov Ark (a winged plate altar), paintings by
Petr Brandl Petr Brandl (Peter Johannes Brandl or Jan Petr Brandl) (24 October 1668 – 24 September 1735) was a Czech painter of the late Baroque in the bilingual Kingdom of Bohemia. Brandl was the sixth child in a Czech-German family. His father, Michal ...
, and sculptures of the naïve artist Václav Kudera-Křapík. The most valuable building is the Church of Saint Lawrence from the early 14th century. It is a unique example of a preserved Gothic church unaffected by reconstructions. In the eastern part of the town is the Church of Saint James the Great, built in the late
Baroque The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including t ...
style in 1768–1775. Other churches include Church of the Holy Trinity, Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, or Church of Saint Margaret the Virgin in Vysočany with the wooden bell tower. There are two Jewish cemeteries. The Old Cemetery was founded in 1520 and is the third largest in the Czech Republic. The oldest preserved tomb is from 1577. The New Synagogue is also preserved and today serves as a chapel of Moravian Church.


Notable people

*
Josef Schnitter Josef Schnitter ( bg, Йосиф Шнитер, ''Yosif Shniter''; 16 October 1852–26 April 1914) was a Czech– Bulgarian architect, engineer and geodesist credited with shaping the modern appearance of Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second-largest city. S ...
(1852–1914), Czech-Bulgarian architect, chief architect of
Plovdiv Plovdiv ( bg, Пловдив, ), is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, standing on the banks of the Maritsa river in the historical region of Thrace. It has a population of 346,893 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area. Plovdiv is the c ...
* Karel Boromejský Mádl (1859–1932), art historian and critic *
Karel Šviha Karel Šviha (11 June 1877 in Nový Bydžov – 29 June 1937 in Prague) was a Czech politician in Austria-Hungary. Šviha worked as a judge in Žamberk and was a member of the Czech National Social Party. In 1907 he was elected to the provincial p ...
(1877–1937), politician *
Zdeněk Jarkovský Zdeněk Jarkovský (3 October 1918 in Nový Bydžov, Austria-Hungary – 8 November 1948 in English Channel, La Manche) was an ice hockey goaltender for the Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak national team. He won a silver medal at the 1948 Winter O ...
(1918–1948), ice hockey player


Twin towns – sister cities

Nový Bydžov is
twinned Twinning (making a twin of) may refer to: * In biology and agriculture, producing two offspring (i.e., twins) at a time, or having a tendency to do so; * Twin towns and sister cities, towns and cities involved in town twinning * Twinning inst ...
with: * Brezno, Slovakia *
Cascinette d'Ivrea Cascinette d'Ivrea is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural cent ...
, Italy * Nădlac, Romania


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Novy Bydzov Populated places in Hradec Králové District Cities and towns in the Czech Republic