Nikolsk () is a
town
A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city.
The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...
and the
administrative center
An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located.
In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...
of
Nikolsky District in
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast (, ; ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is Vologda. The oblast has a population of 1,202,444 (Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census). The largest city is Cherepovets, t ...
,
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
, located on the right bank of the
Yug River
The Yug () is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Nikolsky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in Russia. It is long, an ...
. Population:
History
The area was populated by
Finnic peoples
The Finnic peoples, or simply Finns, are the nations who speak languages traditionally classified in the Finno-Permic languages, Finnic language family, and which are thought to have originated in the region of the Volga River. Currently, the l ...
. In the 14th-15th centuries, during the colonization, it was a disputed territory between the
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Principality of Moscow, or Muscovy, known as the Principality of Moscow until 1389, was a late medieval Russian monarchy. Its capital was the city of Moscow. Originally established as a minor principality in the 13th century, the gra ...
and the
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic () was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries in northern Russia, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east. Its capital was the city of Novgorod. The ...
. Novgorod controlled a major part of the Russian North, and, in particular, all areas along the
Sukhona River northeast of what is now Nikolsky District. Moscow controlled
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug () is a town in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 31,665.
Veliky Ustyug has a great historical signific ...
, which it inherited from the
Vladimir–Suzdal Principality, while the
Yug River
The Yug () is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Nikolsky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in Russia. It is long, an ...
was the waterway it used to get to Veliky Ustyug. It is known that in 1425 Nikolsk and surrounding territories paid tribute to Novgorod.
In the end of the 15th century, the Grand Duchy of Moscow took over the Novgorod's territories and Nikolsk became one of the key points on the way from Moscow to the White Sea, which until 1703 was the main route for the foreign trade in Russia. The harbor of Nikolsk in particular was used to transport cargo.
In the course of the
administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great
Peter I (, ;
– ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...
, the territory was included into
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel (Arkhangelsk). The governorate was located in th ...
. In 1780, the governorate was abolished and transformed into
Vologda Viceroyalty. At the same time, Nikolsk became the seat of an
uyezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd or uiezd; rus, уе́зд ( pre-1918: уѣздъ), p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context () was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the R ...
and was granted town rights.
The viceroyalty was abolished in 1796 and
Nikolsky Uyezd was transferred to
Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate (), also known as the Government of Vologda, was an administrative-territorial unit (''guberniya'') of the Russian Empire and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 until 1929. ...
. On July 24, 1918, the territory was transferred to the newly established
Northern Dvina Governorate
Northern Dvina Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian SFSR from 1918 to 1929. Its seat was in the city of Veliky Ustyug. The governorate was located in the North of European Russia, and its territor ...
with the administrative center located in Veliky Ustyug.
On April 18, 1924, the uyezds were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts, at which time Nikolsky District was established.
Geography
Climate
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, Nikolsk serves as the
administrative center
An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune, is located.
In countries with French as the administrative language, such as Belgiu ...
of
Nikolsky District.
[Resolution #178] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Nikolsky District as the
town of district significance
Town of district significance is an administrative division of a district in a federal subject of Russia. It is equal in status to a selsoviet or an urban-type settlement of district significance, but is organized around a town (as opposed to a ...
of Nikolsk.
[Law #371-OZ] As a
municipal division, the town of district significance of Nikolsk is incorporated within Nikolsky Municipal District as Nikolsk Urban Settlement.
[Law #1119-OD]
Economy
Industry
In Nikolsk, timber industry and food industry, including meat, milk, and bread production, are present. There is also
linum
''Linum'' (flax) is a genus of approximately 200 species[''Linum''.]
The Jepson Manual. ...
textile production.
Transportation
The town used to be served by the
Nikolsk Airport, which is currently closed.
Paved roads connect Nikolsk with
Pyshchug and
Manturovo in the south, crossing the border with
Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Kostroma and its population as of the Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census i ...
, with
Totma
Totma () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Totemsky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at its confluence with the Pesya Denga River, Pesya Denga, no ...
in the west, and with
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug () is a town in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 31,665.
Veliky Ustyug has a great historical signific ...
via
Kichmengsky Gorodok in the north. There is regular bus service on these roads as well as local bus traffic.
The
Yug River
The Yug () is a river in Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Nikolsky District, Vologda Oblast, Nikolsky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast and in Podosinovsky District of Kirov Oblast in Russia. It is long, an ...
is navigable downstream from Nikolsk; however, there is no passenger navigation.
There are no railroads around Nikolsk and the closest railway stations with regular passenger service are
Kotlas
Kotlas () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Population:
Kotlas is the third-largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of p ...
in
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Arkhangelsk Oblast ( rus, Архангельская область, p=ɐrˈxanɡʲɪlʲskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It includes the Arctic Ocean, Arctic archipelagos of Franz ...
and
Sharya in Kostroma Oblast. There were plans to extend the
Monza Railroad, a railway built for timber transport, which runs along the border of Vologda and Kostroma Oblasts, to Nikolsk; however, these plans never came to fruition.
Culture and recreation
Nikolsk hosts sixty objects designated as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. These are the remains of the pre-1917 Nikolsk.
Author
Alexander Yashin, associated with the
Village Prose movement in Russian literature, was born in 1913 in what is now Nikolsky District, got his education in Nikolsk, and lived in the town until the mid-1930s. The only state museum in Nikolsk is the Memorial Museum of Alexander Yashin.
The museum occupies the house which belonged to Yashin's parents as well as the former house of Yashin.
References
Notes
Sources
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{{Authority control
Cities and towns in Vologda Oblast
Nikolsky Uyezd