Nikanor Grujić (

Serbian Cyrillic The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (, ), also known as the Serbian script, (, ), is a standardized variation of the Cyrillic script used to write the Serbian language. It originated in medieval Serbia and was significantly reformed in the 19th cen ...

: Никанор Грујић; December 12, 1810 – April 20, 1887) was the

Serbian Orthodox The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches. The majority of the populat ...

bishop of

Pakrac Pakrac is a town in western Slavonia, Croatia, population 4,842, total municipality population 8,460 (census 2011). Pakrac is located on the road and railroad connecting the regions of Posavina and Podravina. Name In Croatian the town is known ...

, the ''

locum tenens A locum, or locum tenens, is a person who temporarily fulfills the duties of another; the term is especially used for physicians or clergy. For example, a ''locum tenens physician'' is a physician who works in the place of the regular physician. ...

Serbian Patriarch This is a list of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church, since the establishment of the church as an Autocephaly, autocephalous archbishopric in 1219 to today's patriarchate. The list includes all the archbishops and patriarchs that led the Se ...

, the Austro–Hungarian emperor's Privy Councilor,

knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...

of the

Grand Cross Grand Cross is the highest class in many orders, and manifested in its insignia. Exceptionally, the highest class may be referred to as Grand Cordon or equivalent. In other cases, there may exist a rank even higher than Grand Cross, e.g. Gran ...

of the Franz Joseph order, member of Houses of Magnates at Hungarian and Croatian–Slavonian parliaments, member of

Serbian Learned Society The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (; , SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (, DSS). The Academy's membership has included Nobel laureates Ivo ...

, writer, poet, orator and translator.

Biography

Born Milutin Grujić on December 12, 1810, or December 1 (Julian calendar) in

Lippó Lippó () (; ) is a village in Baranya county, Hungary. Residents are Magyars, Germans of Hungary, with minority of Serbs. Until the end of World War II, the majority of the inhabitants were Danube Swabians, also called locally as ''Stifolder'' ...

(Lipova),

Baranya county Baranya (, ; German language, German:Croatian language, Croatian:'' Baranjska županija'') is a Counties of Hungary, county () in southern Hungary. It is part of the Southern Transdanubia statistical region and the historical Baranya (region), B ...

(then

Austrian empire The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a Multinational state, multinational European Great Powers, great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the Habsburg monarchy, realms of the Habsburgs. Duri ...

) to priest Prokopije Grujić and Agripina, née Kosić. He had an older brother named Dragutin Grujić, who later became

archpriest The ecclesiastical title of archpriest or archpresbyter belongs to certain priests with supervisory duties over a number of parishes. The term is most often used in Eastern Orthodoxy and the Eastern Catholic Churches and may be somewhat analogo ...

Mohács Mohács (; Croatian: ''Mohač''; ; ; ; ) is a town in Baranya County, Hungary, on the right bank of the Danube. Etymology The name probably comes from the Slavic ''*Mъchačь'',''*Mocháč'': ''mъchъ'' (moss, Hungarian ''moha'' is a loanword ...

and Szigetvar, parish priest of

Kácsfalu Jagodnjak ((Croatian and Serbian pronunciation: ) sr-cyrl, Јагодњак, , ) is a village and a municipality in the Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. Landscape of the Jagodnjak Municipality is marked by the Drava river with surrounding wetland ...

(

Jagodnjak Jagodnjak ((Croatian and Serbian pronunciation: ) sr-cyrl, Јагодњак, , ) is a village and a municipality in the Osijek-Baranja County, Croatia. Landscape of the Jagodnjak Municipality is marked by the Drava river with surrounding wetland ...

) and assessor of

Buda Buda (, ) is the part of Budapest, the capital city of Hungary, that lies on the western bank of the Danube. Historically, “Buda” referred only to the royal walled city on Castle Hill (), which was constructed by Béla IV between 1247 and ...

bishopric In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...

consistory Consistory is the anglicized form of the consistorium, a council of the closest advisors of the Roman emperors. It can also refer to: *A papal consistory, a formal meeting of the Sacred College of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church *Consistor ...

. Milutin was educated at Lippó, his birthplace, Mohács and Pečuj, where he excelled as an orator and poet of his generation. He attended and successfully finished his theological studies at the prestigious Serbian Orthodox Seminary of Sremski Karlovci. After that, he took monastic vows and changed his name to Nikanor. He played a prominent role in the proclamation of

Serbian Vojvodina The Serbian Vojvodina () was a short-lived self-proclaimed autonomous province within the Austrian Empire during the Revolutions of 1848, which existed until 1849 when it was transformed into the new (official) Austrian province named Voivodes ...

during the

May Assembly May Assembly ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Мајска скупштина, Majska skupština, separator=" / ") was the national assembly of the Serbs in Austrian Empire, held on 1 and 3 (O.S.) 3 and 15 (N.S.)May 1848 in Sremski Karlovci, during which the S ...

in Sremski Karlovci in 1848. After Nikanor's speech,

Stevan Šupljikac Stevan Šupljikac ( sr-cyr, Стеван Шупљикац; 1786 – 15 December 1848), known simply as Vojvoda Šupljikac was a Serbian ''voivode'' and the first voivode of the Serbian Vojvodina. Life He was born in Petrinja, in 1786. He ...

was proclaimed vojvoda of

. Later that year (1848), Grujić become archimandrite of Kuveždin monastery, and after that, archimandrite of

Krušedol monastery The Krušedol Monastery ( sr-cyr, Манастир Крушедол, Manastir Krušedol, ) is a Serbian Orthodox monastery on the Fruška Gora mountain in the Syrmia region, northern Serbia, in the province of Vojvodina. The monastery is the lega ...

. In 1859 he was an administrator of the Eparchy of upper Karlovac. His ordination as bishop took place in 1861, officiated by Patriarch

Josif Rajačić Josif Rajačić ( sr-Cyrl, Јосиф Рајачић; 20 July 1785 – 1 December 1861), also known as Josif Rajačić-Brinski, was the Serbian Orthodox Church, Serbian Orthodox Archbishop and Metropolitanate of Karlovci, metropolitan of Sremski ...

. In 1864 Nikanor become the Serbian Orthodox Bishop of

. He was appointed administrator of Serbian patriarchy – metropolitanate (

patriarch The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Roman Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and ...

) by emperor

Franz Joseph I of Austria Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I ( ; ; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the ruler of the Grand title of the emperor of Austria, other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 1848 until his death ...

in 1872. That same year the emperor named him to his privy council, better known as the Wirklicher

Geheimrat was the title of the highest advising officials at the imperial, royal, or princely courts of the Holy Roman Empire, who jointly formed the ''Geheimer Rat'' reporting to the ruler. The term remained in use during subsequent monarchic reigns in Ge ...

), with the title of

Excellency Excellency is an honorific style (manner of address), style given to certain high-level officers of a sovereign state, officials of an international organization, or members of an aristocracy. Once entitled to the title "Excellency", the holder ...

. In 1874, Grujić become a

of the

(Grosskreuz) of the

Order of Franz Joseph The Imperial Austrian Order of Franz Joseph () was founded by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria on 2 December 1849, on the first anniversary of his accession to the imperial throne. Classes The order was originally awarded in three classes: ''G ...

. At the same time he ended his administrator's duty in the Serbian patriarchy – metropolitanate.

Works

Nikanor Grujić was also a well-known poet, writer, translator and orator. Among his most notable books are: ''The Epic of Saint Sabbas'' (''Sveti Sava''); ''Objections of Nikanor Grujić,'' a linguistic work about

Vuk Karadžić Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( sr-Cyrl, Вук Стефановић Караџић, ; 6 November 1787 (26 October OS)7 February 1864) was a Serbian philologist, anthropologist and linguist. He was one of the most important reformers of the moder ...

`s translation of the New Testament; and Grujić's ''Autobiography.'' He was a member of the

(''Srpsko učeno društvo''), which later became the

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (; , SANU) is a national academy and the most prominent academic institution in Serbia, founded in 1841 as Society of Serbian Letters (, DSS). The Academy's membership has included Nobel Prize, Nobel la ...

, and honorary member of

Matica slovenská Matica Slovenská (en. Slovak Matica) is the oldest Slovakia, Slovak national, Culture, cultural and scientific organization. The headquarters of Slovak Matica is the town of Martin, Slovakia as the center of the national culture of Slovak ...

. Bishop Nikanor died on 26 April 1887 at his court in Pakrac and was buried near the Serbian Orthodox Church at Gavrinica, Pakrac cemetery.

Bibliography

Bishop Nikanor wrote large number of poems, texts and books. Among them, there are: *"Objections of Nikanor Grujić...", Zemun 1852. (in Serbian: ''Primetve Nikanora Grujića...'') *"Saint Sabbas", (Sremski) Karlovci 1861. (in Serbian: ''Sveti Sava'') *"Autobiography", Sremski Karlovci 1907. (in Serbian: ''Avtobiografija'')

References

Sources

Jovan Skerlić Jovan Skerlić (, ; 20 August 1877 – 15 May 1914) was a Serbian writer and literary critic.''Jovan Skerlić u srpskoj književnosti 1877–1977: Zbornik radova''. Posebna izdanja, Institut za knjizevnost i umetnost, Belgrade. He is seen as o ...

, ''Istorija nove srpske književnosti'' (Belgrade, 1921), pages 196–198. {{DEFAULTSORT:Nikanor Grujic Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church Serbian non-fiction writers 1810 births 1887 deaths

Biography

Works

Bibliography

See also

References

Sources