The Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1803 was a French expedition to map the coast of New Holland (now

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

Nicolas Baudin Nicolas Thomas Baudin (; 17 February 175416 September 1803) was a French explorer, cartographer, naturalist and hydrographer, most notable for his explorations in Australia and the southern Pacific. He carried a few corms of Gros Michel banana ...

was selected as leader in October 1800. The expedition started with two ships, '' Géographe'', captained by Baudin, and '' Naturaliste'' captained by

Jacques Hamelin Jacques or Jacq are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related t ...

, and was accompanied by nine zoologists and botanists, including

Jean-Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour Jean-Baptiste Louis Claude Théodore Leschenault de La Tour (13 November 1773 – 14 March 1826) was a French botanist and ornithologist. Born at the family seat (since 1718), Le Villard, near Chalon-sur-Saône, Leschenault de la Tour arrived in ...

François Péron François Auguste Péron (22 August 1775 – 14 December 1810) was a French naturalist and explorer. Life Péron was born in Cérilly, Allier, in 1775, the son of a tailor (not a harness maker as is frequently asserted). Although intended fo ...

and Charles-Alexandre Lesueur as well as the geographer

Pierre Faure Pierre Ange François-Xavier Faure (1777, Nantes – 1855) was a French geographer who participated in the Baudin expedition to Australia, expedition to the South Seas that Nicolas Baudin led between 1800 and 1803 and that was back in March 1804 ...

History

Expedition

Napoléon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

, as First Consul, formally approved the expedition "to the coasts of New Holland", after receiving a delegation consisting of Baudin and eminent members of the Institut National des Sciences et Arts on 25 March 1800. The explicit purpose of the voyage was to be "observation and research relating to Geography and Natural History." The Baudin expedition departed

Le Havre Le Havre is a major port city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy (administrative region), Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the right bank of the estuary of the Seine, river Seine on the English Channel, Channe ...

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

, on 19 October 1800. Because of delays in receiving his instructions and problems encountered in Isle de France (now

Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...

) they did not reach

Cape Leeuwin Cape Leeuwin is the most south-westerly (but not most southerly) mainland point of the Australian continent, in the state of Western Australia. Description A few small islands and rocks, the St Alouarn Islands, extend further in Flinders ...

on the south-west corner of the continent until May 1801. Upon rounding

Cape Naturaliste Cape Naturaliste is a headland in the south western region of Western Australia at the western edge of the Geographe Bay. It is the northernmost point of the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge, which was named after the cape. The Leeuwin-Naturaliste Nat ...

, they entered

Geographe Bay Geographe Bay is in the south-west of Western Australia, around southwest of Perth. The bay was named in May 1801 by French explorer Nicolas Baudin, after his ship, ''Géographe''. It is a wide curve of coastline extending from Cape Natur ...

. During their exploration here they lost a longboat and a sailor, Assistant Helmsman Timothée Vasse. They then sailed north, but the ships became separated and did not meet again until they reached

Timor Timor (, , ) is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is Indonesia–Timor-Leste border, divided between the sovereign states of Timor-Leste in the eastern part and Indonesia in the ...

. On their journeys ''Géographe'' and ''Naturaliste'' surveyed large stretches of the north-western coast. The expedition was severely affected by dysentery and fever, but sailed from Timor on 13 November 1801, back down the north-west and west coast, then across the

Great Australian Bight The Great Australian Bight is a large oceanic bight (geography), bight, or open bay, off the central and western portions of the southern Coast, coastline of mainland Australia. There are two definitions for its extent—one by the Internation ...

, reaching

Tasmania Tasmania (; palawa kani: ''Lutruwita'') is an island States and territories of Australia, state of Australia. It is located to the south of the Mainland Australia, Australian mainland, and is separated from it by the Bass Strait. The sta ...

on 13 January 1802. They charted the whole length of Tasmania's east coast and there were extensive interactions with the Indigenous Tasmanians, with whom they had peaceful relationships. They notably produced precious ethnological studies of Indigenous Tasmanians. The expedition then began surveying the south coast of Australia, but then Captain

Jacques Felix Emmanuel Hamelin Jacques or Jacq are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related t ...

in ''Naturaliste'' decided to make for

Port Jackson Port Jackson, commonly known as Sydney Harbour, is a natural harbour on the east coast of Australia, around which Sydney was built. It consists of the waters of Sydney Harbour, Middle Harbour, North Harbour and the Lane Cove and Parramatta ...

(Sydney) as he was running short of food and water, and in need of anchors. En route, in April 1802, Hamelin explored the area of

Western Port Western Port, ( Boonwurrung: ''Warn Marin'') commonly but unofficially known as Western Port Bay, is a large tidal bay in southern Victoria, Australia, opening into Bass Strait. It is the second largest bay in the state. Geographically, it ...

, Victoria, and gave names to places, a number of which have survived, for example, ''Ile des Français'' is now called French Island. Meanwhile, Baudin in ''Géographe'' continued westward, and in April 1802 encountered the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

ship '' Investigator'' commanded by

Matthew Flinders Captain (Royal Navy), Captain Matthew Flinders (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was a British Royal Navy officer, navigator and cartographer who led the first littoral zone, inshore circumnavigate, circumnavigation of mainland Australia, then ...

, also engaged in charting the coastline, at

Encounter Bay Encounter Bay is a bay in the Australian state of South Australia located on the state's south central coast about south of the state capital of Adelaide. It was named by Matthew Flinders after his encounter on 8 April 1802 with Nicolas Bau ...

in what is now

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...

. Flinders informed Baudin of his discovery of

Kangaroo Island Kangaroo Island (, ) is Australia's third-largest island, after Tasmania and Melville Island, Northern Territory, Melville Island. It lies in the state of South Australia, southwest of Adelaide. Its closest point to the mainland is Snapper Poi ...

, St. Vincent's and Spencer's Gulfs. Baudin sailed on to the

Nuyts Archipelago The Nuyts Archipelago is an island group in South Australia in the Great Australian Bight, to the south of the town of Ceduna on the west coast of the Eyre Peninsula. It consists of mostly granitic islands and reefs that provide breedin ...

, the point reached by the Dutch ship ''

't Gulden Zeepaert () was a ship belonging to the Dutch East India Company. It sailed along the south coast of Australia from Cape Leeuwin in Western Australia to the Nuyts Archipelago in South Australia early in 1627. The captain was François Thijssen. Det ...

'' in 1627, before heading for Port Jackson as well for supplies. In late 1802 the expedition was at

, where the government sold 60 casks of flour and 25 casks of salt meat to Baudin to resupply his two vessels. The supplies permitted ''Naturaliste'' to return to France and ''Géographe'' to continue her explorations of the Australian coast. The expedition reported on the defences of the town and the disaffection of Irish convicts. ''Naturaliste'' took with her the Colony's staff surgeon, Mr. James Thomson, whom Governor

Philip Gidley King Captain Philip Gidley King (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was a Royal Navy officer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of New South Wales from 1800 to 1806. When the First Fleet arrived in January 1788, King was detai ...

had given permission to return to England. Before resuming the voyage Baudin purchased a 30

ton Ton is any of several units of measure of mass, volume or force. It has a long history and has acquired several meanings and uses. As a unit of mass, ''ton'' can mean: * the '' long ton'', which is * the ''tonne'', also called the ''metric ...

schooner, which he named the , a smaller vessel which could conduct close inshore survey work. He sent the larger ''Naturaliste'' under Hamelin back to France with all the specimens that had been collected by Baudin and his crew. As the voyage had progressed

Louis de Freycinet Louis Claude de Saulces de Freycinet (7 August 1779 – 18 August 1841) was a French Navy officer. He circumnavigated the Earth, and in 1811 published the first map to show a full outline of the coastline of Australia. Biography He was born at M ...

, now a Lieutenant, had shown his talents as an officer and a hydrographer and so was given command of ''Casuarina''. The expedition then headed for Tasmania and conducted further charting of Bass Strait before sailing west, following the west coast northward, and after another visit to Timor, undertook further exploration along the north coast of Australia. Plagued by contrary winds, ill health, and because 'the quadrupeds and emus were very sick', it was decided on 7 July 1803 to return to France. On the return voyage, the ships stopped in

, where Baudin died of

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can al ...

on 16 September 1803. The expedition finally reached France on 24 March 1804. The scientific expedition was considered a great success, with more than 2500 new species discovered.

Outcomes

An inscription on a rock was left by members of ''Géographe'' on

in 1803, which reads, "", i.e. "Expedition of discovery by Captain Baudin in the ''Géographe'', 1803". To protect it from erosion, the original rock is now housed at the Gateway Visitor Information Centre on Howard Drive,

Penneshaw Penneshaw is a township in the Australian state of South Australia located on the northeast coast of the Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island about south of the state capital of Adelaide. It is the island's main ferry port with regular services ...

, and a fine replica is on open view on the Penneshaw foreshore, beneath a concrete dome which has been a local landmark since 1906. Many Western Australian places still have French names today from Baudin's expedition: for example,

Peron Peninsula Peron Peninsula () is a long narrow peninsula located in the Shark Bay World Heritage site in Western Australia, at about . It is some long, running north-northwesterly, located east of Henri Freycinet Harbour and west of Havre Hamelin and ...

, Depuch Island, Cape Levillain,

Boullanger Island Boullanger Island lies off the coast of Western Australia and covers an area of about . The nearest settlement is the mainland town of Jurien Bay. It is located within the Jurien Bay Marine Park and part of the Boullanger, Whitlock, Favourite, T ...

and

Faure Island Faure Island is a 58 km2 island pastoral lease and nature reserve, east of the Francois Peron National Park on the Peron Peninsula, in Shark Bay, Western Australia. It lies in line with the Monkey Mia resort to the west, and the Wooram ...

; and the Australian plant genus ''

Guichenotia ''Guichenotia'' is a genus of 17 species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae that is endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Plants in the genus ''Guichenotia'' are shrubs with simple, linear to oblong leaves with leaf-like stipu ...

'' honours the name of

Antoine Guichenot Antoine Guichenot or Guichenault (1783–1867) was "gardener's boy" on the 1801—1804 French scientific voyage to Australia under Nicolas Baudin, and the 1817 voyage under Louis de Freycinet. Very little is known about him, but the records of Bau ...

. According to researchers from the

University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide is a public university, public research university based in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. Its main campus in the Adelaide city centre includes many Sa ...

, during this expedition Baudin prepared a report for

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led Military career ...

on ways to invade and capture the British colony at

Sydney Cove Sydney Cove (Eora language, Eora: ) is a bay on the southern shore of Sydney Harbour, one of several harbours in Port Jackson, on the coast of Sydney, New South Wales. Sydney Cove is a focal point for community celebrations, due to its central ...

.Jean Fornasiero and John West-Sooby (transl. and eds.), ''French Designs on Colonial New South Wales: François Péron’s Memoir on the English Settlements in New Holland, Van Diemen’s Land and the Archipelagos of the Great Pacific Ocean''
The Friends of the State Library of South Australia Inc.
Adelaide, 2014. The Baudin expedition was intended to be a voyage of discovery that would further scientific knowledge and perhaps eclipse the achievements of Captain

James Cook Captain (Royal Navy), Captain James Cook (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British Royal Navy officer, explorer, and cartographer famous for his three voyages of exploration to the Pacific and Southern Oceans, conducted between 176 ...

Crew

Among those joining the Baudin expedition were Sub-lieutenants Louis-Claude (Louis) de Saulses de Freycinet and his older brother Henri-Louis (Henri). Louis did not initially sail as a 'geographer'. Both were eventually promoted to Lieutenant, and Louis was later given command of the schooner , purchased in Sydney to enable improved inshore surveying. Another member of the expedition, someone who was ultimately to have a highly significant influence on its outcomes, was the 25-year-old assistant zoologist

Officers and sailors

Captains Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader or highest rank officer of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police depa ...

: Nicolas Thomas Baudin (1754–1803) (''Géographe'') and

Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin Counter-Admiral Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin (13 October 1768 – 23 April 1839) was a French Navy officer and explorer. He fought in numerous naval engagements during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and conducted several explor ...

(1768–1839) (''Naturaliste''). Surgeon-Physician and

naturalist Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...

: Pierre François Keraudren (1769–1858) (Le Géographe)(Preparations not on board) Sub-lieutenants

and, his older brother, Henri-Louis de Freycinet

Sailor A sailor, seaman, mariner, or seafarer is a person who works aboard a watercraft as part of its crew, and may work in any one of a number of different fields that are related to the operation and maintenance of a ship. While the term ''sailor'' ...

Hyacinthe de Bougainville Hyacinthe Yves Philippe Potentien, baron de Bougainville (; 26 December 1781 – 18 October 1846) was a French naval officer. He was the son of Louis-Antoine de Bougainville.Randier, p.292 He became Rear-Admiral on 1 May 1838. Career As a y ...

midshipman A midshipman is an officer of the lowest Military rank#Subordinate/student officer, rank in the Royal Navy, United States Navy, and many Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth navies. Commonwealth countries which use the rank include Royal Cana ...

second-class, and François-Antoine Boniface Heirisson,

;

Charles Baudin Charles Baudin (; 21 July 1784 – 7 June 1854), was a French admiral, whose naval service extended from the First Empire through the early days of the Second Empire. Biography Charles Baudin was born on 21 July 1784 in Paris. His father was ...

, midshipman.

Jacques-Philippe Mérigon de Montgéry Jacques-Philippe Mérigon de Montgéry (25 July 1781 – 9 September 1839) was a French naval officer and military technologist. He was involved in innovating naval weaponry and defences including anti-ship mines, torpedoes, iron cladding, and roc ...

was a 2nd class midshipman aboard ''Géographe'' and landed sick at Île-de-France on 25 April 1801.

Scientists and artists

A total of 24 various scientists and artists including five gardeners accompanied Baudin on the expedition. It was an unprecedented number to be assembled for a voyage at the time. However, after only six months at sea, and before reaching Australia, ten of the group were disembarked at Mauritius mainly due to illness. Subsequently, five others died. In fact, only six of the original group of scientists and artists would complete the journey home.

Publications

* (This work has the

Freycinet Map of 1811 The Freycinet Map of 1811 is the first map of Australia to be published which shows the full outline of Australia. It was drawn by Louis de Freycinet and was an outcome of the Baudin expedition to Australia. It preceded the publication of Matthew Fl ...

, the first published map showing the full outline of Australia.) *

Louis Pierre Vieillot Louis Pierre Vieillot (10 May 1748, Yvetot – 24 August 1830, Sotteville-lès-Rouen) was a French ornithologist. Vieillot is the author of the first scientific descriptions and Linnaean names of a number of birds, including species he collected ...

, ''Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle'' ('New Dictionary of Natural History', 1816–1819): new bird species described

Collections

Over 200,000 specimens from the expedition were deposited in

Muséum national d'histoire naturelle The French National Museum of Natural History ( ; abbr. MNHN) is the national natural history museum of France and a of higher education part of Sorbonne University. The main museum, with four galleries, is located in Paris, France, within the Ja ...

(zoology) and

Jardin des Plantes The Jardin des Plantes (, ), also known as the Jardin des Plantes de Paris () when distinguished from other ''jardins des plantes'' in other cities, is the main botanical garden in France. Jardin des Plantes is the official name in the present da ...

(botany). Live plants, animals and birds were also sent to Empress Josephine Bonaparte's gardens at

Château de Malmaison The Château de Malmaison () is a French château situated near the left bank of the Seine, about west of the centre of Paris, in the commune of Rueil-Malmaison. Formerly the residence of Empress Joséphine de Beauharnais, along with the Tui ...

References

* François Péron, ''Voyage de découverte aux terres Australes'' (3 volumes, Paris, 1807–1816

* François Péron, ''A Voyage of Discovery to the Southern Hemisphere: Performed by Order of the Emperor Napoleon, During the Years 1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804'', London, Richard Phillips, 1809

* Christine Cornell (ed. & transl.), ''The Journal of Post Captain Nicolas Baudin'', Adelaide, Friends of the State Library of South Australia, 1974. *

Edward Duyker Edward Duyker (born 21 March 1955) is an Australian historian, biographer and author born in Melbourne. Edward Duyker's books include several ethno-histories – ''Tribal Guerrillas'' (1987), ''The Dutch in Australia'' (1987) and ''Of the Star ...

, François Péron: An Impetuous Life: Naturalist and Voyager, Miegunyah/MUP, Melb., 2006, pp. 349, . *Horner, F. ''The French Reconnaissance: Baudin in Australia'' 1801–1803, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1987 . * Jack Horner, "Extracting the truth about Baudin. -and his expedition to Australia, 1800-1804", ''Canberra Historical Journal'', no.21, Mar 1988, pp. 42–44. *Louis Pierre Vieillot (1748–1831), ''Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle (1816–1819)'' * Jacqueline Bonnemains, Elliott Forsyth, Bernard Smith, ''Baudin in Australian Waters: The Artwork of the French Voyage of Discovery to the Southern Lands, 1800-1804'', New York, Oxford U. Pr. with Australian Acad. of Sci., 1988. * Madeleine Ly-Tio-Fane et Jacqueline Bonnemains, '' Le Géographe et Le Naturaliste à L’Ile-de-France 1801, 1803, Ultime Escale du Captaine Baudin: Deuxième Partie, Le Voyage de Découvertes aux Terres australes'', Port Louis auritius MSM Limited, 2003. * Steve Reynolds, ''Nicolas Baudin's Scientific Expedition to the Terres Australes'', ''Marine Life Society of South Australia Journal'', no.12, December 2001

* Fornasiero, Jean; Monteath, Peter and West-Sooby, John. ''Encountering Terra Australis: the Australian voyages of Nicholas Baudin and Matthew Flinders'', Kent Town, South Australia, Wakefield Press, 2004. {{ISBN, 1-86254-625-8 * Jean Fornasiero and John West-Sooby, "Baudin's Books", ''Australian Journal of French Studies'', Vol.39, Issue 2, May 2002, pp. 215–249. * Jean Fornasiero, Peter Monteath and John West-Sooby, "Old quarrels and new approaches: Nicolas Baudin and Matthew Flinders", ''South Australian Geographical Journal'', v.106, 2007, pp. (1)-15. * Jean Fornasiero, "Deux observateurs del'homme aux Antipodes: Nicolas Baudin et François Péron", in ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * John West-Sooby, "Le "Sourire Grinçant" du Capitaine Baudin", ''Australian Journal of French Studies'', Vol. 41, Issue 2, May 2004, pp. 79–97. * Jane Southwood and Donald Simpson, "Baudin's Doctors: French Medical Scientists in Australian Waters, 1801-1803", ''Australian Journal of French Studies'', Vol. 41, Issue 2, May 2004, pp. 152–164. * J. P. Faivre, "De Nouveau sur L'expedition Baudin?", ''Revue Francaise d'Histoire d'Outre-Mer'', Vol. 52, Issue 187, 1965, pp. 286–290. * Robert J. King, "Jorgen Jorgensen and the Baudin Expedition", ''The Great Circle'', Vol. 23, Issue 2, December 2001, pp. 44–52. * Michel Jangoux, "La Premiere Relache Du 'Naturaliste' au Port Jackson (26 Avril-18 Mai 1802): le Temoignage du Capitaine Hamelin", ''Australian Journal of French Studies'', Vol. 41, Issue 2, May 2004, pp. 126–151. * Michel Jangoux, "Les Zoologistes et Botanistes qui Accompagnerent le Capitaine Baudin aux Terres Australes", ''Australian Journal of French Studies'', Vol. 41, Issue 2, May 2004, pp. 55–78. * Jangoux, Michel. ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * Michèle BATTESTI, 'Nicolas Baudin, membre de l’état major du vice-amiral Bruix (mai/août 1799)’, in ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * Jean Luc CHAPPEY, 'Nicolas Baudin et la Société des Observateurs de l’Homme', in ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * Frédéric DURAND, 'Les tristes escales timoraises de Nicolas Baudin', in ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * Claude WANQUET, 'L’île de France au début du XIXe siècle 1800, in ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * Bernard METIVIER, 'Lamarck et les invertébrés de l'expédition de découvertes aux Terres australes', in ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * François MOUREAU, 'Bernardin de St Pierre, Nicolas Baudin et l’île de France : une rencontre improbable', in ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * José OLIVER, 'Ténériffe, île-relâche des grands voyages d’exploration', in ''Portés par l'air du temps: les voyages du Capitaine Baudin: Etudes sur le 18e siècle'', vol.38, Bruxelles, Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 2010. * R.Kingston, ''A not so Pacific voyage: the 'floating laboratory' of Nicolas Baudin'', ''Endeavour'', vol. XXXI, no. 4, December 2007, pp. 145–151
elsevier.com
* Jacques Vialle, "Le Destin Tragique de Pierre-François Bernier, Astronome de L'expedition Baudin", ''Australian Journal of French Studies'', Vol. 41, Issue 2, May 2004, pp. 165–170. * Christian Jouanin, "Nicolas Baudin Charge de Reunir une Collection pour la future Imperatrice Josephine", ''Australian Journal of French Studies'', Vol. 41, Issue 2, May 2004, pp. 43–54. * B. S. Baldwin, "Flinders and the French", ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia. South Australian Branch'', v.65, 1963–1964, pp. 53–67. * B. S. 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