Nghĩa Hưng �iʔiə˧˥:hɨŋ˧˧is a former

rural district A rural district was a type of local government area – now superseded – established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales Wales ( ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. I ...

of Nam Định province in the

Red River Delta The Red River Delta or Hong River Delta () is the flat low-lying plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries merging with the Thái Bình River in Northern Vietnam. ''Hồng'' (紅) is a Sino-Vietnamese word for "red" or "crimson". T ...

region of

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

History

Middle ages

According to

Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư The ''Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư'' ( vi-hantu, 大越史記全書; ; ''Complete Annals of Đại Việt'') is the official national chronicle of the Đại Việt, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên under ...

, about the

Tang Dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

, there was a natural

seaport A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manc ...

called "大鴉" (means "crow") in the downstream of the Đáy River. Just know that, around 979, the Champa navy passed through this

to enter the fight with the forces of Emperor

Lê Hoàn Lê Hoàn (10 August 941 – 18 March 1005), posthumously title Lê Đại Hành, was the third ruler of Đại Việt kingdom, ruling from 981 to 1005, and founder of the Early Lê dynasty. He first served as the generalissimo commanding ...

at the citadel of Tràng An. Once again, in February 1044, Emperor Minh Đạo passed this

location In geography, location or place is used to denote a region (point, line, or area) on Earth's surface. The term ''location'' generally implies a higher degree of certainty than ''place'', the latter often indicating an entity with an ambiguous bou ...

to invade

Champa Champa (Cham language, Cham: ꨌꩌꨛꨩ, چمڤا; ; 占城 or 占婆) was a collection of independent Chams, Cham Polity, polities that extended across the coast of what is present-day Central Vietnam, central and southern Vietnam from ...

. He changed its name as "Đại An" (大安, "great peace") to pray for luck. Thus, since the

Lý Dynasty The Lý dynasty (, , chữ Nôm: 茹李, chữ Hán: 朝李, Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: ''triều Lý''), officially Đại Cồ Việt (chữ Hán: 大瞿越) from 1009 to 1054 and Đại Việt (chữ Hán: 大越) from 1054 to 1225, was ...

, Đại An rural district (大安縣, Đại An huyện) began to be formed. Later, the

Ming Dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

changed it to Đại Loan rural district (大灣縣, Đại Loan huyện) and made a part of Kiến Bình prefecture. However, the Later Lê Dynasty restored its old name in 1469 and made it a part of Nghĩa Hưng prefecture (義興府, Nghĩa Hưng phủ). In the 2nd year of

Gia Long Gia Long (Chữ Hán, Chữ hán: 嘉隆) ( (''Hanoi, North''), (''Ho Chi Minh City, South''); 8 February 1762 – 3 February 1820), born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (阮福暎) or Nguyễn Ánh (阮暎), was the founding emperor of the Nguyễn dynas ...

(1803), the

Nguyễn Dynasty The Nguyễn dynasty (, chữ Nôm: 茹阮, chữ Hán: 朝阮) was the last List of Vietnamese dynasties, Vietnamese dynasty, preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruling unified Vietnam independently from 1802 until French protectorate in 1883 ...

made Đại An part of Thanh Hoa outer garrison. But by the 5th year (1806), it was returned to Nghĩa Hưng. About the 3rd year of Minh Mệnh (1822), Nghĩa Hưng prefecture was officially part of Nam Định garrison. Later, by the 13rd year of Minh Mệnh (1832), Nam Định garrison was changed as Nam Định province.

XX century

In 1945, the Government of the

Democratic Republic of Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; ; VNDCCH), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, with sovereignty fully recognized in 1954. A member of the communist Eastern Bloc, it opposed the French-suppor ...

abolished the

prefecture A prefecture (from the Latin word, "''praefectura"'') is an administrative jurisdiction traditionally governed by an appointed prefect. This can be a regional or local government subdivision in various countries, or a subdivision in certain inter ...

regime nationwide. Therefore, Nghĩa Hưng rural district (義興縣, huyện Nghĩa Hưng) was officially established. However, under the

State of Vietnam The State of Vietnam (; chữ Hán: 國家越南; ) was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1949 until 1955, first as an associated state of the French Union and later as an independent state (from 20 July 1954 to 26 October 1955). The s ...

regime, it was called as Nghĩa Hưng district (義興郡, quận Nghĩa Hưng). Later, until 1953, some Nghĩa Hưng

communes A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

on the left bank of the Đào River were transferred to Ý Yên rural district. About the period from 1963 to 1965, the North Vietnamese government continuously reviewed, adjusted and strengthened the boundaries of

hamlet ''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play. Set in Denmark, the play (the ...

village A village is a human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Although villages are often located in rural areas, the term urban v ...

s and

in the

area Area is the measure of a region's size on a surface. The area of a plane region or ''plane area'' refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while '' surface area'' refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three-di ...

of Nghĩa Hưng rural district. On June 30, 1965, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued Decision 239-NV to establish Nông Trường Rạng Đông township (thị trấn Nông Trường Rạng Đông) in Nghĩa Hưng. That was the first

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in Nghĩa Hưng rural district. According to Decision 51-BT of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Vietnam on March 27, 1978, Nam Điền commune was established as new economic zone (vùng kinh tế mới Nam Điền). On February 13, 1987, the

Council of Ministers Council of Ministers is a traditional name given to the supreme Executive (government), executive organ in some governments. It is usually equivalent to the term Cabinet (government), cabinet. The term Council of State is a similar name that also m ...

issued Decision 26-HĐBT to establish Liễu Đề township (thị trấn Liễu Đề) on the basis of merging Nghĩa Hiệp commune and part of Nghĩa Trung commune. Besides, Nông Trường Rạng Đông township has been shortened as Rạng Đông township.

XXI century

On November 19, 2007, the

Government of Vietnam The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (; less formally the Vietnamese Government or the Government of Vietnam, ) is the Cabinet (government), cabinet and the central Executive (government), executive arm of the Politics of Vietn ...

issued Decision 171/2007/NĐ-CP to establish Quỹ Nhất township (thị trấn Quỹ Nhất) on the basis of the entire natural and demographic

of Nghĩa Hòa commune. On July 23, 2024, the National Assembly Standing Committee issued Resolution 1104/NQ-UBTVQH15Nghị quyết số 1104/NQ-UBTVQH15 năm 2024 về việc sắp xếp đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện, cấp xã giai đoạn 2023 – 2025 của tỉnh Nam Định
(vi) on the arrangement of district and commune-level administrative units in Nam Định province, what toom effect from September 1, 2024. Accordingly : *Merging 3 communes Nghĩa Đồng, Nghĩa Minh and Nghĩa Thịnh to being Ông Thịnh commune. *Merging 2 communes Nghĩa Bình and Nghĩa Tân to expand Quỹ Nhất township.

Geography

Topography

Since September 1, 2024, Nghĩa Hưng rural district includes 20 commune-level administrative units. * 3

township A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...

s : Liễu Đề, Quỹ Nhất and Rạng Đông. * 17 communes : Đồng Thịnh, Hoàng Nam, Nam Điền, Nghĩa Châu, Nghĩa Hải, Nghĩa Hồng, Nghĩa Hùng, Nghĩa Lạc, Nghĩa Lâm, Nghĩa Lợi, Nghĩa Phong, Nghĩa Phú, Nghĩa Sơn, Nghĩa Thái, Nghĩa Thành, Nghĩa Trung (district capital), Phúc Thắng. Nghĩa Hưng is the farthest district to the South of both provinces Nam Định and Ninh Bình. Its

terrain Terrain (), alternatively relief or topographical relief, is the dimension and shape of a given surface of land. In physical geography, terrain is the lay of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientati ...

is almost flat, what is formed by the

alluvial Alluvium (, ) is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. Alluvium is also sometimes called alluvial deposit. Alluvium is ...

of the Đáy River. Currently it still tends to receive additional accretion to gradually expand to the

Tonkin Gulf The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern coas ...

from the South. The Southern part of Nghĩa Hưng is merged with the entire

of Kim Sơn rural district to form the Đại An peninsula (formerly the Thần Phù or Thần Đầu peninsula), where is the farthest point of the

. Besides, the

of Nghĩa Hưng has a narrow shape, what has a position like a system of the estuaries. The entire district includes many

canal Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface ...

s and

lake A lake is often a naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface. It is localized in a basin or interconnected basins surrounded by dry land. Lakes lie completely on land and are separate from ...

s, which intertwines each other based on the three most important streams : Đào, Đáy and Ninh Cơ. Therefore, from Nghĩa Hưng can move easily to large municipalities through only Đáy River, which are Ninh Bình,

Nam Định Nam Định () is the capital city of Nam Định province in the Red River Delta of the Northern Vietnam. History From August 18–20 of each year, there is a festival held in Nam Định called the Cố Trạch. This celebration honors Gener ...

Phủ Lý Phủ Lý is the capital city of Hà Nam Province of Vietnam 60 km south of Hanoi on the Day River, river Đáy. History Phủ Lý was taken by the French gunboat, canonnière ''l'Espingole'' and 28 men captained by Adrien-Paul Balny d'Avricourt ...

Hưng Yên Hưng Yên () is a city in the Red River Delta of the Northern Vietnam. It is the old capital of Hưng Yên Province and is a third-graded city according to Vietnam's urban classification table. History Hưng Yên city was originally the expansion ...

and

Hà Nội Hanoi ( ; ; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Vietnam, second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river" (Hanoi is bordered by the Red River (Asia), Red and Black River (Asia), Black Riv ...

. Currently, the entire

coastline A coast (coastline, shoreline, seashore) is the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake. Coasts are influenced by the topography of the surrounding landscape and by aquatic erosion, su ...

of 12 km belonging to 5 localities (Nam Điền, Nghĩa Lợi, Nghĩa Hải, Phúc Thắng and Rạng Đông) has been banned for bathing activities to become a biosphere reserve according to

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

standards. It includes

salt field A dry lake bed, also known as a playa (), is a basin or depression that formerly contained a standing surface water body, which disappears when evaporation processes exceed recharge. If the floor of a dry lake is covered by deposits of alkalin ...

mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline water, saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have particular adaptations to take in extra oxygen a ...

s and some pure

sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is usually defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural ...

beaches.

Population

As of 2024 Nghĩa Hưng rural district had a

population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...

of 200,000. In particular, all people are registered as Kẻ Kinh. Moreover, there is a half of the

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

s. According to records of the

Holy See The Holy See (, ; ), also called the See of Rome, the Petrine See or the Apostolic See, is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City. It encompasses the office of the pope as the Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishop ...

, the

territory A territory is an area of land, sea, or space, belonging or connected to a particular country, person, or animal. In international politics, a territory is usually a geographic area which has not been granted the powers of self-government, ...

of Nghĩa Hưng rural district was honored to be the first place in the whole Indochinese peninsula to welcome the

Gospel Gospel originally meant the Christianity, Christian message ("the gospel"), but in the second century Anno domino, AD the term (, from which the English word originated as a calque) came to be used also for the books in which the message w ...

. It was in 1533, when a man named Ignatius stealthily entered the mission, which was called the "Cross Party" (Thập Tự đảng) later by the Annamese courts. Currently, the

of the rural district belongs to three

deaneries A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residence of a ...

. All are under the Bùi Chu Diocese (or Nam Định Diocese). *Lạc Đạo : 18 parishes with 33,547 parishioners. *Liễu Đề : 12 p.es with 22,575 p.rs. *Quỹ Nhất : 18 p.es with 41,001 p.rs.

History

Middle ages

XX century

XXI century

Geography

Topography

Population

See also

Notes and references

Notes

References

Further reading

Bibliography

External links