New Synagogue (Wrocław)
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The New Synagogue (; ) was a former
Reform Reform refers to the improvement or amendment of what is wrong, corrupt, unsatisfactory, etc. The modern usage of the word emerged in the late 18th century and is believed to have originated from Christopher Wyvill's Association movement, which ...
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
congregation and
synagogue A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans. It is a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as wed ...
, located in Breslau,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
(now
Wrocław Wrocław is a city in southwestern Poland, and the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the largest city and historical capital of the region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder River in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Eu ...
,
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
). It was one of the largest synagogues in the
German Empire The German Empire (),; ; World Book, Inc. ''The World Book dictionary, Volume 1''. World Book, Inc., 2003. p. 572. States that Deutsches Reich translates as "German Realm" and was a former official name of Germany. also referred to as Imperia ...
and a centre of Reform Judaism in Breslau. Designed by Edwin Oppler in the
Romanesque Revival Romanesque Revival (or Neo-Romanesque) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture. Unlike the historic Romanesque style, Romanesque Revival buildings tended t ...
style and completed in 1872, the synagogue was destroyed during the ''
Kristallnacht ( ) or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (, ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's (SA) and (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the Hitler Youth and German civilia ...
''
pogrom A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of Massacre, massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews. The term entered the English language from Russian to describe late 19th- and early 20th-century Anti-Jewis ...
which swept across
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...
on 9–10 November 1938.


History

At the time of the synagogue's construction, Breslau had a Jewish population of 20,000, with only
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
and
Hamburg Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-lar ...
larger in size.
Manuel Joël Manuel Joël (or ''Joel''; October 19, 1826 – November 3, 1890) was a German Jewish philosopher and preacher. Biography Manuel Joël was born in Birnbaum (Międzychód), Grand Duchy of Posen. His older brother was the rabbi and scholar David J ...
, who had become the rabbi for the Reform Jewish community in 1863, was the first rabbi to head the community in the new building. He died in 1890, and was followed by Jacob Guttman, who served until his death in 1919. Dr. Hermann Vogelstein became the rabbi in 1920. On November 4, 1938, there was a farewell service for him, and a welcome service for Dr. Reinhold Lewin, who would be the last rabbi.


See also

*
History of the Jews in Germany The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321 CE, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (c. 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish commu ...
*
History of the Jews in Poland The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years. For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jews, Jewish community in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the long pe ...
* List of synagogues in Germany * List of synagogues in Poland


References


External links

* * 1938 disestablishments in Germany 19th-century synagogues in Germany 19th-century synagogues in Poland Buildings and structures demolished in 1938 Former Reform synagogues in Germany Former Reform synagogues in Poland Romanesque Revival architecture in Germany Romanesque Revival architecture in Poland Romanesque Revival synagogues Synagogue buildings with domes Synagogues completed in 1872 Synagogues destroyed during Kristallnacht (Germany) Synagogues in Wrocław Demolished buildings and structures in Poland {{Poland-synagogue-stub