Neurossgarten () was a quarter of northwestern

Königsberg Königsberg (; ; ; ; ; ; , ) is the historic Germany, German and Prussian name of the city now called Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussians, Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teuton ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. Its territory is now part of

Kaliningrad Kaliningrad,. known as Königsberg; ; . until 1946, is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, an Enclave and exclave, exclave of Russia between Lithuania and Poland ( west of the bulk of Russia), located on the Prego ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

History

The name ''Neuroßgarten'' means "new horse pasture" in

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

, with the eastern Königsberg suburb of

Rossgarten Rossgarten's marketplace, the Roßgärter Markt Rossgarten () was a quarter of northeastern Königsberg, Germany. It was also occasionally known as Altrossgarten (''Altroßgarten'') to differentiate it from Neurossgarten in northwestern Königsb ...

(or ''Altroßgarten'') being its namesake. The area of Neurossgarten was first mentioned as the ''Altstädtischer Roßgarten'' in 1466 in archives of the

Teutonic Knights The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem was formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to t ...

, and consisted of meadows, pastures, gardens, and a cemetery used by Steindamm. Neurossgarten was established as a new suburb of

Altstadt ''Altstadt'' () is the German language word for "old town", and generally refers to the historical town or city centre within the old town or city wall, in contrast to younger suburbs outside. '' Neustadt'' (new town), the logical opposite of ...

separate from Steindamm in 1635.Albinus, p. 225 By the ''Rathäusliche Reglement'' of 13 June 1724, King

Frederick William I of Prussia Frederick William I (; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the Soldier King (), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuchâtel. Born in Berlin, he was raised by the Hugu ...

merged Altstadt and Neurossgarten into the united city of Königsberg. By 1890 the area from Neurossgarten's Wagnerstraße through Steindamm to Tragheimer Pulverstraße was the most densely settled part of the city. The quarter was heavily damaged by the 1944

Bombing of Königsberg A bomb is an explosive weapon that uses the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy. Detonations inflict damage principally through ground- and atmosphere-transmitted mechanical ...

and 1945

Battle of Königsberg The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian offensive during World War II. In four days of urban warfare, Soviet Union, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3 ...

Locations

Königsberg Observatory Neurossgarten was bounded by Steindamm to the east and Laak to the south. To the west and north were the streets Deutschordensring (formerly Krausenecksche Wallstraße) and Kniprodestraße (formerly Alte Gasse), followed by the early 17th century

Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...

city walls. Beyond the walls was

Mittelhufen image:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img50 Oberpostdirektion building.jpg, Baltic Fleet headquarters in Kaliningrad, formerly Königsberg's postal headquarters image:PoliceUFSB.jpg, Federal Security Service (Russia), FSB office, formerly Königsberg's police h ...

. Neurossgarten Church was a 17th-century

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

church located in central Neurossgarten. Nearby marketplaces included the Strohmarkt and the Heumarkt. Also located in the quarter were the Botanischer Garten and the Volksgarten, numbering among the few parks within the medieval walls. The former was a

botanical garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens. is ...

planned by Johann Georg Scheffner in 1796 and opened west of the church in 1809. The Botanischer Garten was separated from the Volksgarten to the west by the street Steindammer Wallstraße. Located within the Volksgarten were the

Königsberg Observatory Koenigsberg Observatory (; obs. code: 058) was an astronomical observatory and research facility which was attached to the Albertina University in Königsberg, what is now Kaliningrad, Russia. The observatory was destroyed by Royal Air Force bo ...

and the 1877 Kriegerdenkmal, a war memorial honoring soldiers killed during the

Franco-Prussian War The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 Janua ...

.Albinus, p. 97

Friedrich Bessel Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and geodesy, geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the Sun to another star by th ...

Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel the Elder Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel (31 January 174123 April 1796) was a German satirical and humorous writer. Hippel was born at Gerdauen in the Kingdom of Prussia, where his father was rector of a school. He enjoyed an excellent education at home, a ...

, and

Franz Ernst Neumann Franz Ernst Neumann (11 September 1798 – 23 May 1895) was a German mineralogist and physicist. He devised the first formulas to calculate inductance. He also formulated Neumann's law for molecular heat. In electromagnetism, he is credited for ...

were buried in Neurossgarten's Ehrenfriedhof cemetery.

Institutes and clinics

Many institutes and clinics, especially those affiliated with the

University of Königsberg The University of Königsberg () was the university of Königsberg in Duchy of Prussia, which was a fief of Poland. It was founded in 1544 as the world's second Protestant Reformation, Protestant academy (after the University of Marburg) by Duke A ...

, were located in Neurossgarten and the neighboring quarters of Laak and Steindamm. These included the Geologisches Institut with its Bernstein Museum dedicated to amber, the Chirurgische Klinik, the Augen-Klinik, the Chemisches Laboratorium, the Anatomisches Institut (Anatomie), and the Medizinisches Institut. The latter complex included the Physiologisches Laboratorium, the Pathologisches Klinik, and the Frauen-Klinik. The original Chemisches Institut opened on Besselstraße in 1833. The chemistry institute was moved to Drummstraße in 1888, the same year the Pathologisches-Pharmakologisches Institut opened on Kopernikus-Straße.

Notes

References

* * * * *Karl, G. (1924). ''Geschichtliches Straßenverzeichnis der Stadt Königsberg in Preußen. Einleitung und Ergänzungen bis 1941 von Peter Wörster.'' Königsberg Pr.: Verlag der Königsberger Allgemeinen Zeitung und Verlagsdruckerei. pp. 176. Reprinted by Verein für Familienforschung in Ost- und Westpreußen e.V. Nr. 4. Hamburg, 1992. * {{coord, 54.7131, N, 20.4944, E, source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:DE, display=title Former subdivisions of Königsberg Populated places established in 1635 1635 establishments in Europe