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Natália de Oliveira Correia,
GOSE
Gose () is a warm fermented beer that is usually brewed with at least 50% of the grain bill being malted wheat (with the rest being malted barley such as Pilsner malt), fruit syrups - such as lemon and coriander - and salt - either added or a ...
, GOL (13 September 1923 – 16 March 1993) was a Portuguese intellectual, poet and social activist, as well as the author of the official lyrics of the "
Hino dos Açores
The "Hymn of the Azores" () is the official regional anthem used during some ceremonies in the Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. For official purposes, the national anthem, "A Portuguesa", is always used during government events, in sp ...
", the regional anthem of the Autonomous Region of the
Azores
The Azores ( , , ; , ), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira). It is an archipelago composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atl ...
. Her work spanned various genres of Portuguese media and she collaborated with many Portuguese and international figures. A member of the Portuguese National Assembly (1980–1991), she regularly intervened politically on behalf of the arts and culture, in the defense of human rights and women's rights.
Along with
José Saramago
José de Sousa Saramago (; 16 November 1922 – 18 June 2010) was a Portuguese people, Portuguese writer. He was the recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature for his "parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony ith which ...
, Armindo Magalhães, Manuel da Fonseca and Urbano Tavares Rodrigues">Manuel da Fonseca">ith which ...
, Armindo Magalhães, Manuel da Fonseca and Urbano Tavares Rodrigues, she helped create the FNDC, ''Frente Nacional para a Defesa da Cultura'' (the National Front for the Defense of Culture). She was a central figure in the artistic scene, who met with peoples central to Portuguese culture and literature in the 1950s and 1960s. Her works have been translated into various languages.
Biography
Natália Correia was born in Fajã de Baixo (
Ponta Delgada
Ponta Delgada (; ) is the largest municipality (''concelho'') and executive capital of the Autonomous Region of the Azores in Portugal. It is located on São Miguel Island, the largest and most populous in the archipelago. As of 2021, it has 67,2 ...
), São Miguel Island, São Miguel,
Azores
The Azores ( , , ; , ), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal (along with Madeira). It is an archipelago composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atl ...
. She was the daughter of Maria José de Oliveira, a primary school teacher born in
Capelas
Capelas (; Portuguese language, Portuguese for ''chapels'') is a Freguesia (Portugal), civil parish along the northern coast of the Concelho, municipality of Ponta Delgada, on the island of São Miguel Island, São Miguel in the Portugal, Portugues ...
who had a small success with writing romances, and Manuel de Medeiros Correia; married in 1918. At the age of eleven, Natália and her older sister, Carmen de Oliveira Correia, and mother moved to
Lisbon
Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ...
, while their father emigrated to
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
. She began her studies in Lisbon, and quickly found her interest in literature, inititally publishing her first work, for children: ''A Grande Aventura de Um Pequeno Herói'' and specific poetry.
She continued her career in drama, romance, translation, journalism, and editing, becoming familiar with the media in all its forms, as well as television. It was during her work on the program ''Mátria'' that she advocated her own special form of feminism, which flowed counter to the politically correct format of the movement. She called it ''matricismo,'' where she showed the woman as an archetype of liberal eroticism: passionate and feminine; later her literary notions of ''patria'' (the nation or fatherland) and m''átria'' (the woman) would be extended to ''fratria'' (fraternity).
Correia's deep affection for her native island's natural beauty is demonstrated profoundly in the themes, images and symbols portrayed in her works, as well as by her affinity with fellow countrymen authors
Antero de Quental
Antero Tarquínio de Quental (; old spelling ''Anthero''; 18 April 184211 September 1891) was a Portuguese poet, philosopher, and writer. Quental is regarded as one of the greatest poets of his generation and is recognized as one of the most inf ...
and contemporary
Vitorino Nemésio
Vitorino Nemésio Mendes Pinheiro da Silva (19 December 1901 – 20 February 1978) was a Portuguese poet, author and intellectual from Terceira, Azores, best known for his novel ''Mau Tempo No Canal (literally, ''Bad Weather in the Channel'' bu ...
. She was much influenced by
surrealism
Surrealism is an art movement, art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike s ...
,
Galician-Portuguese poetry, and
mysticism
Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute (philosophy), Absolute, but may refer to any kind of Religious ecstasy, ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or Spirituality, spiritual meani ...
, and her works span the spectrum from poetic romanticism to satire. She worked in many different genres: poetry, essays, theater, and anthologies.
With a talent for oratory and a combative nature, she became active in the opposition movement to the
Estado Novo regime of
António Oliveira Salazar
Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language–speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular m ...
, participating in the ''Movimento de Unidade Democrática'' (Movement for Democratic Unity) in 1945, and supporting the Presidential candidacies of Generals
Norton de Matos Norton may refer to:
Places
Norton, meaning 'north settlement' in Old English, is a common place name. Places named Norton include: Canada
* Rural Municipality of Norton No. 69, Saskatchewan
* Norton Parish, New Brunswick
** Norton, New Brunswick, ...
(1949) and
Humberto Delgado
Humberto da Silva Delgado (Portuguese pronunciation: ˈbɛɾtu dɛɫˈɡadu 15 May 1906 – 13 February 1965) was a General of the Portuguese Air Force, diplomat and politician.
Early life and military career
Delgado was born in Brogueira, To ...
(1958), as well as joining the ''Comissão Eleitoral de Unidade Democrática'' (Electoral Commission of the Democratic Unity) in 1969. For her activism she was condemned to three years in prison, with a suspended sentence, for the publication of her work ''Antologia da Poesia Portuguesa Erótica e Satírica'' (Anthology of Portuguese Erotic Poetry and Satire), considered offensive by the authorities in 1966. She was also tried for editorial responsibility for ''
Novas Cartas Portuguesas'' (New Portuguese Letters) written by
Maria Isabel Barreno
Maria Isabel Barreno de Faria Martins GOIH (10 July 1939 – 3 September 2016) was a Portuguese writer, essayist, journalist and sculptor. She was one of the authors of the book '' Novas Cartas Portugesas'' (''New Portuguese Letters''), togethe ...
,
Maria Velho da Costa
Maria de Fátima de Bivar Velho da Costa (26 June 1938 – 23 May 2020) was a Portuguese writer who was awarded the Camões Prize in 2002. She took part in the Portuguese Feminist Movement, and became one of the authors of the book ''New Portugue ...
and
Maria Teresa Horta.
Natália was responsible for coordinating the publications of ''Editora Arcádia'', one of the important Portuguese editorials of the time. In 1971, with colleagues Isabel Meireles, Júlia Marenha and
Helena Roseta, she started the bar ''Botequim'', where during the decade between 1970 and 1980 she met with a great part of the Portuguese intellectual community.
Political life
In 1980, she was elected to Parliament as a member of the PPD (
Partido Popular Democrático).
She was a friend of
António Sérgio, associated with Movimento da Filosofia Portuguesa (Movement of Portuguese Philosophy), David Mourão-Ferreira, José-Augusto França, Luiz Pacheco,
Almada Negreiros,
Mário Cesariny
Mario is the Italian, French, Croatian, Czech, Norwegian, Slovak, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovene, Polish, Spanish, Danish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Bulgarian, Greek, German, Dutch, and English form of the Latin Roman name Marius.
The video ...
,
Ary dos Santos ARY may stand for:
* Abdul Razzak Yaqoob, a Pakistani expatriate businessman
* Andre Romelle Young, real name of Dr. Dre
* Ary and the Secret of Seasons, an action adventure video game
* ARY Digital, a Pakistani television network
* ARY Digital Net ...
,
Amália Rodrigues
Amália da Piedade Rebordão Rodrigues (23 July 1920 – 6 October 1999), known as simply Amália Rodrigues () or popularly as Amália, was a Portuguese fado singer (''fadista'').
Dubbed ''Rainha do Fado'' ("Queen of Fado"), she was instrumen ...
, and Fernando Dacosta. An enthusiast of the café-concert scene in Portugal, she supported her friend the cross-dresser Guida Scarllaty (the actor Carlos Ferreira). Her home was also a stage for famous writers such as
Henry Miller
Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. He broke with existing literary forms and developed a new type of semi-autobiographical novel that blended character study, so ...
,
Graham Greene
Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991) was an English writer and journalist regarded by many as one of the leading novelists of the 20th century.
Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a re ...
and
Ionesco.
In 1991, Correia received the Grand Prize in Poetry from the Associação Portuguesa de Escritores (Association of Portuguese Writers), for her book ''Sonetos Românticos'' (Romantic Sonnets). In the same year, she was conferred the ''
Ordem da Liberdade
The Order of Liberty, or the Order of Freedom (), is a Portuguese honorific civil order that distinguishes relevant services to the cause of democracy and freedom, in the defense of the values of civilization and human dignity. The order was cre ...
'' (Order of Liberty); she was already the holder of the ''
Ordem de Santiago'' (Order of St. James).
Personal life
She was married four times: in 1942, to
Álvaro Pereira
Álvaro Daniel Pereira Barragán (; born 28 November 1985) is a Uruguayan former professional association football, footballer. Mainly a left-back, he could perform equally as a left midfielder.
After starting out at Miramar Misiones he went on ...
; in 1949, to William Creighton Hyler; in 1950, to Alfredo Machado and finally in March 1990, to Dórdio Leal Guimarães. It was Alfredo Luiz Machado (1904–1989), her "great passion", much older and a widower that marked her personal life. Her 1990 marriage to
Dórdio Guimarães, at 67 years of age, was much more a marriage of convenience with a collaborator and friend.
Death
Correia died in the early morning of 16 March 1993 in
Lisbon
Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ...
, of a heart-attack, after returning from the
Bar Botequim. In her will, the Azorean bequeathed many of her possessions to the
Autonomous Region of the Azores; a permanent exposition in the Public Library and Regional Archive in
Ponta Delgada
Ponta Delgada (; ) is the largest municipality (''concelho'') and executive capital of the Autonomous Region of the Azores in Portugal. It is located on São Miguel Island, the largest and most populous in the archipelago. As of 2021, it has 67,2 ...
celebrates her literary history. The institution holds many of her literary works (which it shares with the
National Library of Lisbon), including many unedited volumes, biographical documents, iconography and correspondence, as well as many works of art her private library.
Literature
*''Grandes Aventuras de um Pequeno Herói'' = ''Great Adventures of A Little Hero'' (infantile romance), 1945
*''Anoiteceu no Bairro'' (romance), 1946; 2004
*''
Rio de Nuvens'' (poem), 1947
*''Descobri Que Era Europeia: impressões duma viagem à América'', 1951; 2002
*''Sucubina ou a Teoria do Chapéu'' (theatrical), with
Manuel de Lima, 1952
*''Poemas'' = ''Poems'' (poem), 1955
*''Dimensão Encontrada'' (poem), 1957
*''O Progresso de Édipo'' (dramatic poem), 1957
*''Passaporte'' = ''Passport'' (poem), 1958
*''Poesia de Arte e Realismo Poético'' (''Art Poems and Poetic Realisms'') (essay), 1959
*''
Comunicação'' = ''Communication'' (dramatic poem), 1959
*''Cântico do País Emerso'' (poem), 1961
*''A Questão Académica de 1907'' (''An Academic Question of 1907'') (essay), 1962
*''Antologia de Poesia Portuguesa Erótica e Satírica: dos cancioneiros medievais à actualidade'' (anthology), 1965; 2000
*''O Homúnculo, tragédia jocosa'' (theatrical), 1965
*''Mátria'' (poem), 1967 a
*''A Madona'' (romance), 1968; 2000
*''O Encoberto'' (theatrical), 1969; 1977
*''O Vinho e a Lira'' (poem), 1969
*''
Cantares dos Trovadores Galego-Portugueses'' (anthology), 1970; 1998
*''As Maçãs de Orestes'' (poem), 1970
*''Trovas de D. Dinis,
robas d'el Rey D. Denis' (poem), 1970
*''A Mosca Iluminada'' (poem), 1972
*''
O Surrealismo na Poesia Portuguesa'' (''The Surrealism in Portuguese Poetry'') (anthology), 1973; 2002
*''
A Mulher, antologia poética'' (anthology), 1973
*''O Anjo do Ocidente à Entrada do Ferro'' (poem), 197llc3
*''Uma Estátua para Herodes'' (Ensaio), 1974
*''Poemas a Rebate'', (poem), 1975
*''Epístola aos Iamitas'' (poem), 1976
*''Não Percas a Rosa. Diário e algo mais (25 de Abril de 1974 - 20 de Dezembro de 1975)'' (diary), 1978; 2003
*''O Dilúvio e a Pomba'' (poem), 1979
*''Erros Meus, Má Fortuna, Amor Ardente'' (theatrical), 1981; 1991
*''
Antologia de Poesia do Período Barroco'' (''Poetic Anthology of the Baroque Period'') (anthology), 1982
*''Notas para uma Introdução às Cantigas de Escárnio e de Mal-Dizer Galego-Portuguesas'' (essay), 1982
*''
A Ilha de Sam Nunca: atlantismo e insularidade na poesia de António de Sousa'' (anthology), 1982
*''A Ilha de Circe'' (''Circe's Island'') (romance), 1983; 2001
*''A Pécora'', play written in 1967 (theatrical), 1983; 1990
*''
O Armistício'' (poem) = ''The Armistice'', 1985 a
*''Onde está o Menino Jesus?'', 1987
*''Somos Todos Hispanos'' (essay), 1988; 2003
*''
Sonetos Românticos'' (''Romantic Sonnets'') (poem), 1990; 1991
*''As Núpcias'' (Romance), 1992
*''O Sol nas Noites e o Luar nos Dias'' (''The Sun in the Nights And The Moon During The Days'') (complete poem), 1993; 2000
*''Memória da Sombra, versos para esculturas de António Matos'' (poem), 1993l
*''D. João e Julieta, peça escrita em 1959'' (theatrical), 1999
*''A Ibericidade na Dramaturgia Portuguesa'' (essay), 2000
*''
Breve História da Mulher e outros escritos'' (anthology), 2003
*''
A Estrela de Cada Um'' (anthology), 2004
References
External links
Info*(in English
Info
{{DEFAULTSORT:Correia, Natalia
1923 births
1992 deaths
Azorean writers
20th-century Portuguese poets
Portuguese essayists
People from Ponta Delgada
Portuguese women essayists
Portuguese women poets
20th-century Portuguese women writers
Portuguese women novelists
20th-century Portuguese novelists
20th-century essayists
20th-century Portuguese journalists
20th-century Portuguese women journalists