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Nanning; is the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in
southern China Northern China () and Southern China () are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture. Extent The Qinling–Daba Mountains serve as the transition zone between ...
. It is known as the "Green City (绿城) " because of its abundance of lush
subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...
foliage A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, f ...
. Located in the South of Guangxi, Nanning is surrounded by a hilly basin, with a warm,
monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...
-influenced
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
. Beginning in 1949, as it underwent sustained industrial growth, Nanning's economy began developing beyond its former role, and the city became essentially a commercial and administrative centre. Today, Nanning is considered the economic, financial and cultural center of Guangxi, and the chief centre for the training of the Zhuang minority in Guangxi. The People's Park is located in the center of the city. The city also serves as a gateway for the China-ASEAN opening up and cooperation. As of 2024, Nanning was ranked one of the top 200 science cities in the world by scientific research outputs. The city is home to several notable universities in South China, including Guangxi University, Guangxi Medical University,
Guangxi University for Nationalities Guangxi Minzu University (, Zhuang Language, Zhuang: Gvangjsih Minzcuz Dayoz, abbreviated GXUN or Guangxi Minda) is a provincial research university in Nanning, Guangxi. Established in 1952 to serve the Ethnic minorities in China, ethnic minority ...
, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics and Guangxi Arts University.


History


Imperial era

Nanning, an ancient city with a long history and rich culture, was part of Baiyue ethnic groups in the ancient time. In the first year of Daxing period of Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 318), Jinxing County, established here as one of the county towns, ushered a history of 1700 years of Nanning organizational system. During the Zhenguan period of
Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...
(AD 632), it was renamed Yong prefecture (Yongzhou) and established Yongzhou government seat, which is why it has been called Yong () for short. In the first year of Taiding period of
Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...
(AD1318), Yongzhou was renamed Nanning, meaning the Pacified South. Nanning was once the territory of the Baiyue people and became the capital of Jinxing Prefecture which was separated from Yulin Prefecture of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 1076 during the Lý–Song War Yongzhou was besieged by Lý forces. Under the leadership of Su Jian, the garrison held out for forty-two days before succumbing. The city was razed to the ground and its people massacred by
Lý dynasty The Lý dynasty (, , chữ Nôm: 茹李, chữ Hán: 朝李, Vietnamese language, Vietnamese: ''triều Lý''), officially Đại Cồ Việt (chữ Hán: 大瞿越) from 1009 to 1054 and Đại Việt (chữ Hán: 大越) from 1054 to 1225, was ...
. In the
Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...
in 1324, it was renamed Nanning Lu (Nanning Circuit) of Yongzhou. Historically, Nanning was famous for trade, and had permanent business offices from other areas in China since the
Song dynasty The Song dynasty ( ) was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Fiv ...
. In the
Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...
Nanning developed into an economic center of the Zuo River and the You River with the reputation of "Little
Nanjing Nanjing or Nanking is the capital of Jiangsu, a province in East China. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of , and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yang ...
".


People's Republic era

On 4 December 1949, Nanning was captured by the Communist Party. in January 1950, Nanning municipality was set up, and identified as the capital city of Guangxi on 8 February of the same year; in March 1958, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established, and Nanning municipality was the capital city. Nanning served as host for the annual China–
ASEAN The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly abbreviated as ASEAN, is a regional grouping of 10 states in Southeast Asia "that aims to promote economic and security cooperation among its ten members." Together, its member states r ...
Expo (CASEAN Expo) which began in 2004. The city was also the venue for the 2006 World Robotics Olympiad.


Administrative divisions

Nanning has jurisdiction over 7
districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
, 1
county-level city A county-level city () is a County-level divisions of China, county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local or ...
, 4
counties A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...
, and 6 development zones. Development Zones: * Nanning High-Tech Business DZ () * Nanning Economic and technology DZ () * Nanning Overseas Chinese Investment Zone () * Nanning Qingxiu Mountain Resort/ Tourism Area () * Nanning Xiangsi Lake New Area () * Nanning Liujing Industrial Park ()


Cityscape

Nanning is home of the 22nd tallest building in the People's Republic of China, the Guangxi China Resources Tower, at , currently the tallest building in Guangxi and in southwestern China outside of
Chongqing ChongqingPostal Romanization, Previously romanized as Chungking ();. is a direct-administered municipality in Southwestern China. Chongqing is one of the four direct-administered municipalities under the State Council of the People's Republi ...
. Nanning has many parks with tropical lush green landscape, it is one of the "greenest" cities in China, and it's known as "Green City"(). Nanning's downtown skyline is rapidly changing and the city is becoming an important hub in China. Recently, the government has begun a citywide beautification plan which aimed to further clean up the city and improve its image. This involved curtailing the number of street-side food vendors operating without proper licenses and restricting parking in busy streets. The program has achieved initial success, long-term efforts are still needed to deliver lasting results.


Economy

Nanning's GDP in 2015 was 341 billion RMB. The GDP per capita was $7,844. Foreign exports in 2007 were US$10 billion. Foreign fixed asset investment was 34.3 billion RMB. Nanning has six development zones and industrial parks, three of which accounted for 6 billion RMB of Nanning's GDP, more than 8 percent of Nanning's total. Mineral resources include gold, iron, manganese, aluminum, quartz, silver, indium, coal, marble, and granite with a third of China's different types of mineral resources found in Nanning.


Industrial zones

*Nanning Economic & Technological Development Area


Transportation


Metro

Nanning Metro system is known for its Nanning Rail Transit (NNRT), expected to comprise a total of nine lines. The first was completed and put into operation in June 2016, the second began operation in December 2017. Line 3 began operation in 2019, and Line 4 began operation in 2020. Line 1 connects the East and West of Nanning, linking the financial and political center and the academic and research center of Nanning.


Air

* Nanning Wuxu International Airport


Rail

Nanning has two major railway stations: Nanning railway station and Nanning East railway station. The latter one is newer and also the main destination of high-speed trains. A third, Nanning North railway station, is set to open in 2023 with the Guiyang–Nanning high-speed railway. Nanning railway station is a railway junction for the Nanning–Kunming, Nanning–Guangzhou and Hunan–Guangxi Railways. There are also plans to build a high-speed railway to Pingxiang on the Vietnamese border. The goal is to better integrate Pan-
Pearl River Delta The Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. Referred to as the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in official documents, ...
and southeast China with members of the
ASEAN The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly abbreviated as ASEAN, is a regional grouping of 10 states in Southeast Asia "that aims to promote economic and security cooperation among its ten members." Together, its member states r ...
. At the end of 2013, some high-speed service has been introduced on the Hunan–Guangxi railway and on the railway line that connects Nanning with
Beihai Beihai (; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of internati ...
(as well as its branch to Fangchenggang). Guangxi is also a conjunction of Guangzhou-Guiyang Highspeed Rail.


Highways

* China National Highway 210 * China National Highway 322 * China National Highway 324 * China National Highway 325 * G72 Quanzhou–Nanning Expressway * G7201 Nanning Ring Expressway * G7211 Nanning–Youyiguan Expressway * G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway * G80 Guangzhou–Kunming Expressway


Flora and fauna

Nanning's warm climate gives it a large amount of
biodiversity Biodiversity is the variability of life, life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and Phylogenetics, phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distribut ...
. There are many species of animals and more than 3,000 species of plants. The city flower is the Jaba flower, an evergreen shrub, and the city tree is the almond tree which is regarded as the backbone tree used for greening and landscaping throughout the city.


Geography

Nanning is located in the southern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from the border with
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
. It has an administrative area of . Nanning is situated in a hilly basin with elevations between above sea-level. Qingxiu Mountain dominates the southern part of town.


Climate

Nanning has a warm,
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Cfa''), It borders the subtropical monsoon climate (
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Cwa'').with an annual mean temperature of . Summers are hot and humid with July, the hottest month, having a 24-hour average temperature of . Winters are mild and somewhat damp with January, the coolest month, averaging . From February to August, rain is most frequent and
relative humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation (meteorology), precipitation, dew, or fog t ...
consistently averages above 80 percent; the annual rainfall is . The area is also frost-free for all but 3 or 4 days a year and snowfall is virtually unheard of in the city, with only two exceptions since 1900: in December 1975 and in January 2016 snow fell on the city albeit without sticking to the ground. Extreme temperatures have ranged from on 12 January 1955 and May 9, 1958 respectively. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 15 percent in March to 51 percent in September, the city receives 1,579 hours of bright sunshine annually.


Twin towns – sister cities

Nanning is twinned with: * Akita, Japan (2021) *
Antananarivo Antananarivo (Malagasy language, Malagasy: ; French language, French: ''Tananarive'', ), also known by its colonial shorthand form Tana (), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Madagascar. The administrative area of the city, known ...
, Madagascar (2015) *
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, Gambia (1987) *
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, Malaysia (2002) *
Bogor Bogor City (), or Bogor (, ), is a landlocked city in the West Java, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.
, Indonesia (2008) *
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, Australia (1998) * Champasak, Laos (2010) * Commerce City, United States (2009) * Crema, Italy (2016) *
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, Philippines (2007) *
Grudziądz Grudziądz (, ) is a city in northern Poland, with 92,552 inhabitants (2021). Located on the Vistula River, it lies within the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the fourth-largest city in its province. Grudziądz is one of the oldest citie ...
, Poland (2011) * Gwacheon, South Korea (2005) * Haiphong, Vietnam (2006) *
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, Chile (2008) *
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, Ukraine (2019) * Khon Kaen, Thailand (2002) * Klagenfurt, Austria (2002) *
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, Malawi (2011) * Provo, United States (2000) * Sihanoukville, Cambodia (2007) *
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, France (2008) *
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, Myanmar (2009)


Demographics

As of the
2020 Chinese census The Seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (), also referred to as the 2020 Chinese Census, was the seventh National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, national census conducted by the National Bure ...
, Nanning had a population of 8,741,584, of which 5,293,359 live in its built-up (''or metro'') area made of 6 urban districts, Wuming District not being conurbated yet. Nanning is a city in which Zhuang ethnic group live in compact communities. Thirty-five
ethnic groups An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, rel ...
live in compact communities in Nanning, including people of Zhuang, Han, Yao, Hui, Miao, Dong, and Man minorities.


Culture

Nanning is the center of science and technology, education, culture and health in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. There are altogether 54 scientific research institutes subordinate to districts. 10 colleges and 50 trade schools are training specialised personnel of all kinds. Now there are 62 mass cultural organizations, 13 performing groups, 8 cinemas, 285 projecting units, over 70 karaoke halls and over 1000 newsstands. Bookshops and cultural markets can be found everywhere.


Food

Nanning has not only local cuisine but also food from other areas of China and abroad. Traditional food culture can be found around most streets of Nanning. Nanning food shares the style of
Cantonese Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety of Yue Chinese, a Sinitic language belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. It originated in the city of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) and its surrounding Pearl River Delta. While th ...
food and of Southeast Asia.
Chinese cuisine Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from Greater China, China, as well as from Overseas Chinese, Chinese people from other parts of the world. Because of the Chinese diaspora and the historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine ...
including Guangdong,
Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...
,
Hunan Hunan is an inland Provinces of China, province in Central China. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the Administrative divisions of China, province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to the east, Gu ...
and
Jiangsu Jiangsu is a coastal Provinces of the People's Republic of China, province in East China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the List of Chinese administra ...
as well as Japanese, Thai and
Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...
cuisines can be found.
Rice noodles Rice noodles are noodles made with rice flour and water as the principal ingredients. Sometimes ingredients such as tapioca or corn starch are added in order to improve the transparency or increase the gelatinous and chewy texture of the noodle ...
are very popular among the Nanning people. Laoyou rice noodles are the most famous, while other noodle dishes such as Guilin rice noodles and hand made noodles can be found. Laoyou rice noodles (means old friend rice noodles) are made of fry up pepper, sour bamboo shoots, black beans and garlic, then pork, and then soup and rice noodles. The sour-spicy tasting noodles are a very popular and cheap favorite street food for all meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) in Nanning. The dish, Lemon duck, is originally from Nanning.


Tourism

Nanning is close to scenic Guilin, with its world-famous hillscape, northern and western
Guangxi Guangxi,; officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang Province, Hà Giang, Cao Bằn ...
and its minority villages, and the border with
Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...
in the south. Tourist attractions in Nanning include Guangxi Museum, People's Park with the Zhenning Fort, Mount Qingxiu, Guangxi Medicinal Herb Botanical Garden, and Yangmei Ancient Town. Other places of interest include Nanhu Park, Shishan Park and Nanning Zoo.


Colleges and universities

As of 2024, Nanning is ranked one of the top 200 science cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the
Nature Index The Nature Index is a database that tracks institutions and countries/territories and their scientific output since its introduction in November 2014. Originally released with 64 natural-science journals, the Nature Index expanded to 82 natural-sci ...
. * Nanning University () * Nanning Normal University () * Guangxi University () * Guangxi Arts College () * Guangxi Medical University () *
Guangxi University for Nationalities Guangxi Minzu University (, Zhuang Language, Zhuang: Gvangjsih Minzcuz Dayoz, abbreviated GXUN or Guangxi Minda) is a provincial research university in Nanning, Guangxi. Established in 1952 to serve the Ethnic minorities in China, ethnic minority ...
() * Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine () * Guangxi University of Finance and Economics () * Guangxi Police College () Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.


Notable people

* Deng Yingchao; politician, wife of
Zhou Enlai Zhou Enlai ( zh, s=周恩来, p=Zhōu Ēnlái, w=Chou1 Ên1-lai2; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 unti ...
* Shao Changchun; unaffiliated event organizer, violin maker, and academician *
Wang Ou Wang Ou (, born 28 October 1982), also known as Angel Wang, is a Chinese actress and model. She is known for playing Wang Manchun in ''The Disguiser, Disguiser'' and List of Nirvana in Fire characters, Qin Banruo in ''Nirvana in Fire''. Career ...
; actress and model * Zhou Mi; badminton player


See also

* People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region * Silver Lining Foundation


Notes


References


External links


Nanning Government website
{{Authority control 310s establishments Cities in Guangxi Prefecture-level divisions of Guangxi Provincial capitals in China National forest cities in China 4th-century establishments in China National Civilized City