Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi distinguished Professor of

University of Tehran The University of Tehran (Tehran University or UT, fa, دانشگاه تهران) is the most prominent university located in Tehran, Iran. Based on its historical, socio-cultural, and political pedigree, as well as its research and teaching pro ...

, was an

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

Literary researcher and author. He was born in

Mashhad Mashhad ( fa, مشهد, Mašhad ), also spelled Mashad, is the List of Iranian cities by population, second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about from Tehran. It serves as the capital of R ...

, Razavi Khorasan Province,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

on March 18, 1896, and died on November 19, 1986, in

Tehran Tehran (; fa, تهران ) is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and around 16 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most popul ...

. He was one of the teachers in

Astan Quds Razavi Astan Quds Razavi ( fa, آستان قدس رضوی, Āstān-e Qods-e Razavi) is a bonyad based at Mashhad, Iran. It is the administrative organization which manages the Imam Reza shrine and various institutions which belong to the organization. ...

and taught there for many years like his father Mirza Mohammad Baqir Modarres Razavi. In 1927, he joined the

Ministry of Culture Ministry of Culture may refer to: *Ministry of Tourism, Cultural Affairs, Youth and Sports (Albania) *Ministry of Culture (Algeria) *Ministry of Culture (Argentina) * Minister for the Arts (Australia) *Ministry of Culture (Azerbaijan) * Ministry of ...

and taught literary sciences in

and

. At the beginning of the establishment of the

, he was elected as professor and taught in the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies and Faculty of Letters and Humanities there until he retired. In 1976, he chosen as distinguished professor at the University of Tehran.

Genealogy and life

Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi was born in

, Razavi Khorasan Province,

on March 18, 1896. His last name "Modarres" (means teacher in

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

) was related to teaching position of his family on

, which was inherited from father to son in the family since the reign of

Nader Shah Afshar Nader Shah Afshar ( fa, نادر شاه افشار; also known as ''Nader Qoli Beyg'' or ''Tahmāsp Qoli Khan'' ) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian h ...

. The word "Razavi" in his family name is also due to his ancestral relationship with

Ali al-Ridha Ali ibn Musa al-Rida ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُوسَىٰ ٱلرِّضَا, Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā, 1 January 766 – 6 June 818), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan al-Thānī, was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the e ...

. The genealogy of his family series is in the book "Shajareye Tayyebeh" written by Mirza Mohammad Baqir Modarres Razavi (his father) and this book has been republished with additions and comments by Mohammad Taghi. Mohammad Taghi's father, Mirza Mohammad Baqir Modarres Razavi, was born on 18 December 1853 and died on 12 July 1924 and buried in the Imam Reza Shrine. Mohammad Taghi's father was a well-known man and famous people like

Badiozzaman Forouzanfar Badiozzaman Forouzanfar or Badi'ozzamān Forūzānfar (also Romanized as "Badiʿ al-Zamān Furūzānfar") (12 July 1904 in Boshrooyeh in Ferdows County – 6 May 1970 in Tehran) ( fa, بدیع‌الزمان فروزانفر, born ''Ziyaa' Bo ...

chanted at his funeral. Mohammad Taghi's father, Mirza Mohammad Baqir, was a teacher of

Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...

and jurisprudence and did his teaching with interest and order. His class was less closed, scholars also attended his classes eagerly, and his field of study was one of the most populous in

Educations and careers

Mohammad Taghi had already learned

and

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

in childhood, so at the beginning he was accepted in the fourth grade of "Rahimieh" elementary school in

and was soon promoted to the fifth and sixth grades, and reached the seventh grade, which was the last school grade of that era. Because he inherited teaching from his father and learned the lessons well, when he was in the sixth grade, he taught arithmetic, Persian, syntax and grammar to the third grade students. Literary lessons were mostly taught in these schools and there were excellent teachers such as Adib Bojnourdi. A few years later, Mohammad Taghi attended Adib Bojnourdi's class and learned

Theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...

from him. As no higher class was opened in "Rahimieh" School, Mohammad Taghi left the school and began to search for literature teachers, finally he went to "Navvab" School in Mashhad. There he became a student of Abdul Javad Adib Neyshabouri who accepted the enthusiastic new student. After continuing his education at Nawab School, he became master in

Arabic prosody ( ar, اَلْعَرُوض, ) is the study of metre (poetry), poetic meters, which identifies the meter of a poem and determines whether the meter is sound or broken in lines of the poem. It is often called the ''Science of Poetry'' ( ar, عِل� ...

and wrote several books in this field. Copies of his books on this subject are available in

's library. Mohammad Taghi also studied

algebra Algebra () is one of the broad areas of mathematics. Roughly speaking, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols in formulas; it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics. Elementary a ...

geometry Geometry (; ) is, with arithmetic, one of the oldest branches of mathematics. It is concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is c ...

and four articles of

Euclid Euclid (; grc-gre, Wikt:Εὐκλείδης, Εὐκλείδης; BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the ''Euclid's Elements, Elements'' trea ...

with Mirza Abdul Rahman Modarres, a well-known teacher at the time. While the famous scientist Seyed Hassan Meshkan Tabasi was in Mashhad, Mohammad Taghi studied the description of the poem with him for two months. After being watered from the source of literature and mathematics, Mohammad Taghi turned to learning the science of religion and learned jurisprudence and laws in

Islamic Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the mai ...

principles from his father. After that, he turned to

philosophy Philosophy (from , ) is the systematized study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some ...

and learned it from Mirza Askari who considered as one of the great men of wisdom and philosophy in Khorasan Province. He studied French with the encouragement of his father and traveled to

in 1959 with his father's permission. In Tehran, he became a student of Mirza Mohammad Taher Tonekaboni and studied

The Book of Healing ''The Book of Healing'' (; ; also known as ) is a scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by Abu Ali ibn Sīna (aka Avicenna) from medieval Persia, near Bukhara in Maverounnahr. He most likely began to compose the book in 1014, comp ...

and

The Canon of Medicine ''The Canon of Medicine'' ( ar, القانون في الطب, italic=yes ''al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb''; fa, قانون در طب, italic=yes, ''Qanun-e dâr Tâb'') is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian physician-phi ...

Avicenna Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islamic G ...

with him and became a master in this field too. After that, to complete the French language skills and use the books of that language, he went to the French Alliance School and succeeded to learn French completely. After three years and a few months, he left

for

, and after his father's death in 1924, he was given his position of teaching at

, and he began teaching students in the fields he had learned before. Shortly afterwards, Mohammad Taghi was appointed by minister of time Mohammad Tadayon to teach at the "Danesh" School in

, which was the first high school in the city. After five years of teaching there, he came to Tehran and was appointed as a teacher and supervisor at

Shahid Motahari University Shahid Motahari University (Persian: دانشگاه شهید مطهری) was built in 1879 by Mirza Hosein Sepahsalar (Persian: میرزا حسین سهپسالار). The university is located in Baharestan square in Tehran, Iran. After the revo ...

. At the same time, he taught Persian language in several schools includes Dar ul-Funun, Elmiyeh, Sherafat, and Marefat. In 1938, Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi was appointed by minister of time

Ali-Asghar Hekmat Hekmat-e Shirazi حکمت شیرازی or Mirza Ali-Asghar Khan Hekmat-e Shirazi (16 June 1892 – 25 August 1980) was an Iranian politician, diplomat and author who served as the Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Justice, and M ...

as Internal manager and teacher of Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies of

. Shortly afterwards, at the beginning of

Esmail Merat Esmail Merat ( fa, اسماعیل مرآت; 7 March 1893 – 18 December 1949) was Iran's minister of education during Reza Shah reign. He is founder of some faculties of university of Tehran, including law faculty and technical faculty. He has a ...

ministry, the Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies dissolved, so Mohammad Taghi was transferred to the Faculty of Literatures and Humanities of the University of Tehran. At the same time, by order of the

Ministry of Education An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...

, he collaborated in preparation of

Dehkhoda Dictionary The ''Dehkhoda Dictionary'' ( fa, لغت‌نامهٔ دهخدا) is the largest comprehensive Persian encyclopedic dictionary ever published, comprising 200 volumes. It is published by the Tehran University Press (UTP) under the supervision of ...

and was engaged in this activity for two years. Until 1949, he served as teacher in

, after which they gave him the rank of professor because he had ten years of teaching experience at the university. In May 1965, he retired but taught for two more years. In February 1977, he was awarded the title of Distinguished Professor by the University of Tehran.

Death

He died on November 19, 1986, at the age of 91.

Bibliography

* Ahval va Asare Khajeh Nasir al-Dine Toosi (title means ''Biography and works of

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī ( fa, محمد ابن محمد ابن حسن طوسی 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din al-Tusi ( fa, نصیر الدین طوسی, links=no; or simply Tusi in the West ...

'') * Tarikhe Rejale Khorasan (title means ''History of

Khorasan Khorasan may refer to: * Greater Khorasan, a historical region which lies mostly in modern-day northern/northwestern Afghanistan, northeastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan * Khorasan Province, a pre-2004 province of Ira ...

men'') * Tarikhe Mashhad-e Razavi (title means ''History of

Razavi'') * Realeh ee dar Elme Orooz (title means ''A treatise on the

'') * Salshomare Vaqayeh-e Mashhad dar Gharnhaye Panjom ta Sizdahom (title means ''Calendar of events in

in the fifth to thirteenth centuries AH'') * Al-Allameh al-Khajeh Nasir al-Din al-Toosi: Hayat va Asareh (in

) (title means ''Dignitary

: Life and Works'') * Yadboude Haftsadomin Sale Khajeh Nasire Toosi (title means ''Commemoration of the seven hundredth year of Khajeh Nasir Tusi'') * Mashhad dar Aghaze Qarne Chehardahe Khorshidi (title means ''

at the beginning of the fourteenth solar century'')

Textual criticism

Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi has made many efforts to correct, revive and reprint old

books. Some of his works in this field are: * Shajareye Tayyebeh dar Ansabe Selseleye Saadaate Alavieh Razavieh by Mirza Mohammad Baqir Modarres Razavi (title means ''Pure family tree in the lineage of

Sadat Sadat ( ar, سادات) is a suffix, which is given to families believed to be descendants of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. In Iran, after the revolution, it is mandatory to mention "Seyed" or "Sadat" in the names of or whose descent from Muham ...

Alawieh Razavieh dynasty'') * Divan-e Hakim Abul Majde Majdud Ibne Adame Sanayi Ghaznavi (title means '' Diwan of

Sanai Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi ( fa, ), more commonly known as Sanai, was a Persian poet from Ghazni who lived his life in the Ghaznavid Empire which is now located in Afghanistan. He was born in 1080 and died between 1131 ...

'') * Hadiaq al Haqiqah va Shari al Tariqah by

(title means '' The Walled Garden of Truth and

Sharia Sharia (; ar, شريعة, sharīʿa ) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam and is based on the sacred scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and the H ...

of the way'') * Taliqate Hadiqat al Haqiqa (title means ''Suspensions of The Walled Garden of Truth'') * Montakhabe Hadiaq al Haqiqah va Shari al Tariqah (title means ''The selection of The Walled Garden of Truth and

of the way'') * Masnavihaye Hakim Sanayi: Be Enzemame Sharhe Seir al-Ebad elal-Ma'ad (title means '' Masnavis of Hakim

: including description of the

Seir al-Ebad elal-Ma'ad Seir al-Ebad elal-Ma'ad (meaning: the journey of the servants in return to origin) is a poetry book of Sanai in form of Masnavi which moral issues are discussed. Its release date back to year 1131 AD (525 AH). In this book, Sanai discusses the cr ...

'') * Al-Majam fi al-Ma'ayir-e al-Ash'ar-e al-Ajam by Shams Gheis Razi (title means ''Lexicon in the standards of

poetry'') * Tarikhe Bokhara by Mohammad Ibn Jafar Narshakhi (title means ''History of

Bukhara Bukhara (Uzbek language, Uzbek: /, ; tg, Бухоро, ) is the List of cities in Uzbekistan, seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan, with a population of 280,187 , and the capital of Bukhara Region. People have inhabited the region around Bukhara ...

'') * Asas al Eqtebas by

(title means ''The basis of the derivation'') * Divane Anvari by

Anvari Anvari (1126–1189), full name Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mohammad Khavarani or Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mahmud ( fa, اوحدالدین علی ابن محمد انوری) was a Persian poet. Anvarī was born in Abivard (now in Turkmenistan) and died in ...

(title means '' Diwan of

'') * Sharhe Moshkelate Divane Anvari by Abu al-Hassan Hosseini Farahani (title means ''Explain difficult texts of Diwan of

'') * Divane Seyyed Hassan Ghaznavi Molaqqab be Ashraf by

Hassan Ghaznavi Ashrafuddin Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Husayni Ghaznavi ( fa, اشرف‌الدین ابو محمد حسن بن محمد حسینی غزنوی) known as Ashraf (اشرف) was a 12th-century Persian poet. A sayyid, he boasted of his lineage fr ...

(title means '' Diwan of

Sayyid ''Sayyid'' (, ; ar, سيد ; ; meaning 'sir', 'Lord', 'Master'; Arabic plural: ; feminine: ; ) is a surname of people descending from the Prophets in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali ...

Nicknamed Ashraf'') * Tarjomeye Mizan al Kekmat by

Al-Khazini Abū al-Fath Abd al-Rahman Mansūr al-Khāzini or simply al-Khāzini (, flourished 1115–1130) was an Iranian astronomer of Greek origin from Seljuk Persia. His astronomical tables written under the patronage of Sultan Sanjar (', 1115) is co ...

(title means ''Translation of the balance of wisdom'') * Resaleye Asare Alavi by

Al-Isfizari Abū Ḥātim al-Muẓaffar al-Isfazārī (Floruit, fl. late 11th or early 12th century) was an Islamic mathematician, astronomer and engineer from Khurasan. According to the historian and geographer Ibn al-Athir and the polymath Qutb al-Din al ...

(title means ''A treatise on Atmospheric phenomena'') * Majmooeh Resaele Khajeh Nasir al-Din Toosi (title means ''

's collection of essays'') * Mojmal al-Tavarikh by Abu al-Hassan Ibn Mohammad Amin Golestaneh (title means ''The

Compendium A compendium (plural: compendia or compendiums) is a comprehensive collection of information and analysis pertaining to a body of knowledge. A compendium may concisely summarize a larger work. In most cases, the body of knowledge will concern a s ...

of Histories'') * Tansoukh Nameye Ilkhani by

(title means ''Rarity epistle (about jewelry and perfumes) of

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, ...

'') * Karnameye Balkh by

(title means '' The workbook of Balkh'') * Resaleye Bist Bab dar Marefate Ostorlab by

(title means ''Twenty-chapter treatise on the knowledge of

astrolabe An astrolabe ( grc, ἀστρολάβος ; ar, ٱلأَسْطُرلاب ; persian, ستاره‌یاب ) is an ancient astronomical instrument that was a handheld model of the universe. Its various functions also make it an elaborate inclin ...

'')

References

External links

Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi on IdRef

NEWLY-FOUND POEMS OF ANVARI IN AN OLD MANUSCRIPT

A comparative study of god attributes in the hadiqat al-haqiqa
{{DEFAULTSORT:Modarres Razavi, Mohammad Taghi Shahid Motahari University faculty University of Tehran faculty 20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam People related to Persian literature People from Mashhad Iranian Iranologists Iranian literary scholars Researchers of Persian literature Philosophy academics 1896 births 1986 deaths Iranian scholars Iranian bibliographers Iranian literary critics Iranian male writers Muslim writers