Mẫu Thượng Thiên (

Chữ Hán ( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...

: 母上天) or Mẫu Đệ Nhất (母第一) is one of the four heavenly mothers in the

Four Palaces Four Palaces (; chữ Hán: ) is a major denomination of the Đạo Mẫu, an indigenous shamanic belief in Vietnam. This branch is popular in the North of Vietnam and has a profound association with Thánh Trần worship, the worship of Đức ...

Vietnamese folk religion Vietnamese folk religion () or Đạo Lương (道良) is a group of spiritual beliefs and practices adhered to by the Vietnamese people. About 86% of the population in Vietnam are reported irreligion, irreligious, but are associated with this t ...

.Hy V. Luong ''Tradition, Revolution, and Market Economy in a North Vietnamese Village'' 2010 Page 307 "In Sơn Dương, many of the non-Buddhist deities — mẫu thượng thiên (goddess of the upper sky),

mẫu thượng ngàn Lâm Cung Thánh Mẫu (Chữ Hán: ) or Mẫu Thượng Ngàn or Bà Chúa Thượng Ngàn (Princess of the Forest) is ruler of the Forest Palace among the spirits of the Four Palaces in Vietnamese indigenous religion. In legend the Princess of ...

(goddess of the highlands),

mẫu Thoải Mẫu Thoải (Chữ Hán: 母水, or Thủy Cung Thánh Mẫu (Chữ Hán: ) is a goddess in Vietnamese non-Buddhist Vietnamese folk religion, traditional religion. The goddess features in Chầu văn religious ceremonies and music. She presides ...

(goddess of water), Hắc hổ (black tigers), etc.—were worshipped in the house for ..." She is one of the spirits invoked in the form of lên đồng mediumship particularly associated with

Đạo Mẫu Đạo Mẫu (, ) is the worship of mother goddesses which was established in Vietnam in the 16th century. This worship is a branch of Vietnamese folk religion but is more shamanic in nature. Đạo is a Sino-Vietnamese word for "religion," simila ...

worship. The following characters are often considered as the Mẫu Thượng Thiên or the Mẫu Đệ Nhất: * Thanh Vân Princess ( Mẫu Cửu Trùng Thiên) * Tây Thiên Quốc Mẫu Lăng Thị Tiêu (Mẫu Tây Thiên, Chúa Tây Thiên) *

Liễu Hạnh Princess Liễu Hạnh (, chữ Hán: 柳杏公主) is one of The Four Immortals in Vietnamese folk religion, and also a leading figure in the Four Palaces belief of the Đạo Mẫu, in which she governs the Earth realm and represents the Heav ...

Princess (Mẫu Liễu Hạnh, Bà Chúa Liễu) * Mẫu

Thiên Y A Na Thiên Y A Na (chữ Hán: 天依阿那) is a Vietnamese goddess. She is worshipped in the Vietnamese folk religion and Đạo Mẫu, the mother goddess beliefs. She is also known as Lady Po Nagar, the Cham deity from whom she originated. The Cham ...

(Thiên Hậu Thánh Mẫu, Bà Chúa Ngọc)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mau Thuong Thien Vietnamese folk religion Vietnamese goddesses Vietnamese deities Vietnamese gods