Mësonjëtorja or the Albanian School was the first secular school in the

Albanian language Albanian (Endonym and exonym, endonym: , , or ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid, Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan languages, Paleo-Balkan group. It ...

Ottoman Albania Ottoman Albania was a period in History of Albania, Albanian history within the Ottoman Empire, from the Ottoman conquest in the late 15th century to the Albanian Declaration of Independence, Albanian declaration of Independence and official s ...

. It was opened in

Korçë Korçë (; sq-definite, Korça) is the List of cities and towns in Albania, eighth most populous city of Albania and the seat of Korçë County and Korçë Municipality. The total population of the city is 51,152 and 75,994 of Korçë municipal ...

during the late Ottoman period. The school building serves as a museum and is located on the north side of ''Bulevardi Shën Gjergji'' (St. George Boulevard). The opening of the school was a result of the Albanian National Movement which aimed to create an independent Albania and to secure denied rights to

Albanian people The Albanians are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, Albanian culture, culture, Albanian history, history and Albanian language, language. They are the main ethnic group of Albania and Kosovo, ...

within the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

. Among others Mësonjëtorja was an important center of cultural and patriotic education. The school's importance was raised because until then giving lessons in the Albanian language was done in private and secret due to Ottoman rule. The school opened its doors on 7 March 1887 and since then the day is celebrated by Albanians as the "Day of Teachers".

History

In 1885,

Naim Frashëri Naim bey Frashëri, more commonly Naim Frashëri (; ; 25 May 184620 October 1900), was an Albanian historian, journalist, poet, translator, and one of the most prominent figures of the Albanian National Awakening. Regarded as a pioneer of moder ...

, a government civil servant in the education ministry, Sami Frashëri and along with other influential Albanians involved in the

Society for the Publication of Albanian Writings Society for the Publication of Albanian Letters () (Arvanitika: Σ̈oκ̇ε̰ρι ε τε̰ Σ̈τυπȣρι Σ̈κρoν̇α Σ̈κ̇ιπ) was a patriotic organization of Albanians, Albanian intellectuals, promoting publications in Albanian langu ...

managed to get permission from the sultan for the opening of a private Albanian boys elementary school in

. Financial support for the school came from a diaspora organisation Drita (), an Albanian society based in

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ) is the capital and largest city of Romania. The metropolis stands on the River Dâmbovița (river), Dâmbovița in south-eastern Romania. Its population is officially estimated at 1.76 million residents within a greater Buc ...

, while Albanians from Istanbul got Pandeli Sotiri to become its first school director. Both the Society for Albanian Writings and Drita had agreed in past times not to antagonize town notables who were under Greek cultural influence by founding Albanian schools. As such Drita sent one of its members Thimi Marko, a town native on a mission to discuss the matter and he met with the Orthodox Metropolitan and his council (demogerontia) in Korçë. The Constantinople Patriarchate refused have Albanian taught within existing Greek schools belonging to the Korçë Orthodox community. Pandeli Sotiri was sent to Korçë and opened the school on 7 March 1887. Due to a lack of education material Sami, his brother

and several other Albanians wrote textbooks in the Albanian language for the school. During 1887, Pandeli Sotiri had to leave Korçë and administration of the school passed to Petro Nini Luarasi, a revolutionary and Thanas Sina. The Ottoman authorities gave permission only for Christian children to be educated in Albanian, but the Albanians did not follow this restriction and allowed Muslim children to attend. In the first few years, the school overall had some two hundred enrolled students of Muslim and Christian faiths. By 1888, the elementary school had 100 Christian and 60 Muslim students. Local pressure against parents sending their children to the school grew. The Constantinople Patriarchate was opposed the school's establishment and along with mainly Greek clerics both were concerned that the development of a national consciousness among Orthodox Albanians could lead to the creation of an Orthodox Albanian church. As such from its founding the metropolitan and Orthodox notables intensified attacks against the school, while the school was denounced as subversive to Orthodox unity by local Greek priests. The Orthodox church threatened excommunication and forced parents to remove their children from attending the school resulting in a drastic drop of student numbers. During the same time Muslims were discouraged from enrollment and forced by the local Ottoman administration to withdraw attending the school as they feared that an Albanian national renaissance might eventuate in revolutionary activity. Over time due to pressure coming from both sides school enrollment went down to eighty students. During the school's existence, the organisation Drita (later renamed as Dituria) and the Albanian Society of Istanbul viewed as one of their aims being to support the elementary school in Korçë. Financial difficulties however plagued the school as Albanians could not raise the needed funds to support it. The pro-Patriarchate party in Korçë falsely accused Albanians involved with the school of raising funds for

Komita Komitadji, Comitadji, or Komita (plural: Komitadjis, Comitadjis, or Komitas) ( Bulgarian, Macedonian and , , , , pl. , , ) was a collective name for members of various rebel bands ( chetas) operating in the Balkans during the final period of th ...

guerilla bands against Ottoman rule. Support came from the people and school managed to survive for fifteen years. Nuçi Naçi, had become the new director of the school and had managed to get support from the Turkish governor general based in Monastir (modern

Bitola Bitola (; ) is a city in the southwestern part of North Macedonia. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba, Nidže, and Kajmakčalan mountain ranges, north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing ...

). A translated version of Sami's play ''Besa yahut Ahde Vefa'' (Pledge of Honour or Loyalty to an Oath) in Albanian celebrating an Albanian identity also became part of the school curriculum in 1901. After a visit (1902) to Bucharest,

Idhomene Kosturi Idhomen Jovan Kosturi (15 May 1873 – 5 November 1943), also known as Idhomeno Kosturi, was an Albanian politician, regent and once acting Prime Minister of Albania. He would become the second representative of Albanian Orthodox population to ...

told Albanians in Korçë that the main concern of Dituria was to improve the boys school through student attainment of higher grades, selecting better teachers and introducing new subjects. The mistrust of Christians by the sultan increased who thought that Albanian education could contribute to the concept of Albanian unity and nationality open to exploitation by foreign interests.

Abdul Hamid II Abdulhamid II or Abdul Hamid II (; ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a Decline and modernizati ...

ordered the school closed down in 1902. Mehmed Ali Pasha Delvina, the new Ottoman governor of Korçë supported the empire, was against Albanian nationalism and in 1902 Nuçi Naçi was arrested and incarcerated in Salonica. The school had survived until 1902 under the teachers Leonidis and Naum Naça who were arrested and declared as traitors by Ottoman authorities at the request of Greek clergy with the school being closed down, vandalised and wrecked. "Due to the support of the people, the Mësonjëtorja e parë shqipe managed to survive for fifteen years, till it was severely attacked by the Greek Orthodox church and the Ottoman government and was finally closed down in 1902. By 1903 the school's trustees Vani Kosturi, Spiro Kosturi, Thimi Marko and

Orhan Pojani Orhan bey Pojani (1846–1913) was a prominent figure involved in the Albanian National Awakening. Orhan and his family were Muslim Albanians, originally from Pojan (hence their surname). Founded in early 1880s, the magazine '' Drita'' by 1884 wa ...

were also arrested and imprisoned in Salonica, while Pojani was exiled to

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

. Albanian efforts for an Albanian school are represented in Greek sources as a failure due to weak demand and limited funding, but Michael Palairet notes that Greek interference undermined the school.

References

External links

Buildings and structures in Korçë Elementary and primary schools in Albania Education in Albania Albanian National Awakening Schools in Korçë History of education in Albania {{Albania-school-stub

History

See also

References

External links