Muhammad I Of Córdoba
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Muhammad I of Cordoba (; 823–886) was the Fifth Umayyad ruler of
al-Andalus Al-Andalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most o ...
. He ruled during a time of thriving art, architecture and culture in Islamic
Iberia The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, compri ...
in the 9th century, turning Cordoba into a cultural and political center.


Reign

Muhammad I engaged in diplomacy with
Charles the Bald Charles the Bald (; 13 June 823 – 6 October 877), also known as CharlesII, was a 9th-century king of West Francia (843–877), King of Italy (875–877) and emperor of the Carolingian Empire (875–877). After a series of civil wars during t ...
, the Carolingian king of the West Franks, sending him camels in 865.


Martyrs of Cordoba

Under the reign of Muhammad I, what became later known as the Cordoban Martyr Movement took place. While a majority of Cordoban Christians conformed to Islamic society and lived comfortably as a result, there were still some who fervently defended their faith. During the mid 9th century there was a group of outspoken Cordoban Christians who publicly denounced Muhammad. As a result of their protests, 50 Christians were executed by the Umayyad government. The source of this event comes from a rediscovered 16th century manuscript.


Architecture

Muhammad I is credited with some of the work done on the Great Mosque of Cordoba in the 9th century. He may have completed the first major expansion of the mosque begun by his father, Abd ar-Rahman II. He also added a '' maqsura''. In 855 he restored the entrance called ("Gate of the Viziers"), known today as the , which is an important early example of the prototypical Moorish gateway. One of Muhammad I's wives, Umm Salama, also founded a cemetery and a mosque named after her in the northern suburbs of Cordoba. Over time, this cemetery turned into the city's largest.


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* * 823 births 886 deaths Emirs of Córdoba 9th-century monarchs in Europe People from Córdoba, Spain {{Al-Andalus-royal-stub 9th-century Arab people City founders