Moutier-Saint-Jean De Réôme
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Moutiers-Saint-Jean Abbey (from Latin ''monasterium sancti Johannis'', , also ''Abbaye Saint-Jean-de-Réome'') was a monastery located in what is now the village of
Moutiers-Saint-Jean Moutiers-Saint-Jean () is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France. It is named after the monastery of Saint John of Réôme. Population See also *Communes of the Côte-d'Or department The following is a list of the 698 ...
(named after the monastery) in the
Côte-d'Or Côte-d'Or () is a département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of Northeastern France. In 2019, it had a population of 534,124.
department in eastern
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
. It is in
Burgundy Burgundy ( ; ; Burgundian: ''Bregogne'') is a historical territory and former administrative region and province of east-central France. The province was once home to the Dukes of Burgundy from the early 11th until the late 15th century. ...
, northwest of
Dijon Dijon (, ; ; in Burgundian language (Oïl), Burgundian: ''Digion'') is a city in and the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Côte-d'Or Departments of France, department and of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in eas ...
. The monastery was founded by a monk named John de Réôme around 450. In the seventh century, during the abbacy of Chunna (''Hunnanus''), a monk from Remiremont, the original
monastic rule Monasticism (; ), also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual activities. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially ...
, which had been that of the ancient saint
Macarius of Alexandria Saint Macarius of Alexandria ( Greek: Μακάριος; died 395) was a monk in the Nitrian Desert. He was a slightly younger contemporary of Macarius of Egypt, and is thus also known as Macarius the Younger. Life Macarius was born about the ...
, was replaced by that of
Luxeuil Luxeuil-les-Bains () is a Communes of France, commune in the Haute-Saône Departments of France, department in the Regions of France, region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté west of Mulhouse in eastern France. History Luxeuil (sometimes rendered Lux ...
, founded by the Irish missionary
Columbanus Saint Columbanus (; 543 – 23 November 615) was an Irish missionary notable for founding a number of monasteries after 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, most notably Luxeuil Abbey in present-day France and Bobbio Abbey in presen ...
. When Jonas of Bobbio stayed at the monastery in 659, during Chunna's abbacy, he was compelled by the monks to write a biography of their founder. The result was the ''Vita Iohannis''. In 816–17, Saint-Jean was reformed according to the synods of Aachen. According to the record of monasteries made around that time, it owed the Carolingian state annually both a monetary gift (''dona'') and a military contribution (''militia''). The abbey became a major center of influence, by kings and nobles over the centuries; at one time it was financed by the
dukes of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy () was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by the Crown lands of France, French crown in 1477, and later by members of the House of Habsburg, including Holy Roman E ...
. Moutiers-Saint-Jean was sacked, burned and rebuilt a number of times; in 1567 the
Huguenot The Huguenots ( , ; ) are a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, ...
army struck off the heads of the two kings on the main doorway.Little, 67 In 1797, after the French Revolution, the entire building was sold as rubble for rebuilding. It lay in ruin for decades, with the sculpture severely defaced, before the Doorway from Moutiers-Saint-Jean was bought from the landowner and moved to New York in 1932, where it is now in
The Cloisters The Cloisters, also known as the Met Cloisters, is a museum in the Washington Heights, Manhattan, Washington Heights neighborhood of Upper Manhattan, New York City. The museum, situated in Fort Tryon Park, specializes in European medieval art ...
museum. Some Romanesque capitals, probably from the
nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...
of the church, are in the Fogg Art Museum, the
Louvre The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world. It is located on the Rive Droite, Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement of Paris, 1st arron ...
, and in the collection at Bard-les-Epoisses. Two spandrels from an arcade are held by the Davis Museum at
Wellesley College Wellesley College is a Private university, private Women's colleges in the United States, historically women's Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1870 by Henr ...
. The remains of the abbey (the 14th-century main gate, the facades of two 17th-century buildings, the grounds of the abbey and the abbey church) are protected by the French government.


See also

* Doorway from Moutiers-Saint-Jean


Notes


Sources

*Barnet, Peter. ''The Cloisters: Medieval Art and Architecture''. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005. * * * * *Little, Charles. "Set in Stone: The Face in Medieval Sculpture". New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2006. *Young, Bonnie. ''A Walk Through The Cloisters''. New York: Viking Press, 1979.


External links

*http://www.abbayedemoutiers.fr/ {{DEFAULTSORT:Moutier-Saint-Jean de Reome Benedictine monasteries in France Buildings and structures in Côte-d'Or