Montanhas De Teresópolis Municipal Nature Park
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The Montanhas de Teresópolis Municipal Nature Park () is a municipal nature park in the state of
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the America ...
, Brazil. It protects an area of Atlantic Forest. The area has been badly degraded in some areas by human activity before the park was created, but efforts are being made to restore the former ecology.


Location

The Montanhas de Teresópolis Municipal Nature Park is in the northwest part of the municipality of
Teresópolis Teresópolis () is a Brazilian Municipalities of Brazil, municipality located in the States of Brazil, state of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro, in a mountainous region known as ''Região Serrana''. The Serra dos Órgãos National Park li ...
, adjoining the municipalities of
Petrópolis Petrópolis (), also known as the Imperial City, is a municipality in the Southeast Region of Brazil. It is located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, northeast of the city of Rio de Janeiro. According to the 2022 Brazilian census, Petrópolis mun ...
and
São José do Vale do Rio Preto São José do Vale do Rio Preto () is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro. Its population was 21,916 (2020) and its area is 240 km2. The municipality contains the Pedra das Flores Natural Monument, created in ...
. With an area of , it is the largest fully protected municipal conservation unit in the state of Rio de Janeiro. It is in the hydrological basin of the Piabanha, Preto and Paquequer rivers. The park contains an imposing mountain range that contains large rocky outcrops such as the Tartaruga, Camelo and Santana. The park is used by students of the municipality's Alpine Farming , School for environmental education projects in a partnership between the environment and education departments. The park adjoins the
Serra dos Órgãos National Park Serra (Latin for "saw") may refer to: People and fictional characters * Serra (surname), a list of people and fictional characters * Serra (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Serra (footballer), Portuguese footballer Josà ...
at the
Caleme Dam Caleme is a neighborhood located in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth ...
.


History

The Montanhas de Teresópolis Municipal Nature Park was created by municipal decree 3.693 of 6 June 2009. The objectives are to preserve natural ecosystems of great ecological importance and scenic beauty, enabling scientific research and education, recreation in contact with nature and eco-tourism. The park was included in the
Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic The Central Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest Mosaic () is a Protected area mosaic (Brazil), protected area mosaic in the state of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mosaic is inland, to the east of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Histor ...
, which had been created in December 2006. As of 2016 the park did not have a management plan.


Environment

The park protects many springs and important remnants of Atlantic Forest. An ecological survey identified 121 bird species, 31 mammals, including some endangered species, 19 reptiles, 10 amphibians and 8 groups of insects. Much damage was done to the ecology in the past, but it is slowly recovering. Extraction of minerals was common, but is now prohibited, and the traces of quarrying are being covered by vegetation. A partnership between the park and the
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (, UFRJ) is a public university, public research university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the largest federal university in the country and is one of the Brazilian centers of excellence in teaching and r ...
is to plant seedlings of native Atlantic Forest trees in the most degraded areas. Hunting and trapping of birds has been almost eliminated with the help of the people living around the conservation unit.


Headquarters

The Santa Rita center contains a settlement founded by the Swiss zoologist
Émil Goeldi Émil August Goeldi (var. Göldi, Portuguese var. Emílio Augusto Goeldi) (28 August 1859 – 5 July 1917 in Bern), was a Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist. He was the father of Oswaldo Goeldi, a noted Brazilian engraver and illustra ...
in 1891. It was expropriated by the
Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária The Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA (''National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform'') is a federal government authority of the public administration of Brazil. INCRA administers the land reform issues. ...
(INCRA: National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform) in 1990 and made into a rural settlement project with about 100 plots. It contains the park headquarters, accommodation, a leisure area and an interpretive trail. The region was hit by the massive storm of January 2011. The headquarters of the park occupy an area of that was purchased by the municipality in late 2012. Damage to the area from the January 2011 storm had been repaired by 2014. The headquarters include the administrative center, an auditorium, library and areas for research work and permanent exhibitions. Another building to accommodate visitors was planned in 2013.


Other centers

For administrative purposes there are two other distinct centers. The Pedra da Tartaruga (Turtle Rock) center contains the rock mass including the Tartaruga, Camelo and Arrieiro rocks. It has easy trails, a camping area, clean water and toilets. It is used for sports such as hiking, climbing and abseiling. Some damage is caused by motorcyclists on the trails and by granite extractors. The Ponte Nova center is the best preserved area of the park, with well-preserved forest remnants and little human disturbance. Some organic farming is practiced in this area. However, it is threatened by intensive agriculture on the boundary with São José do Vale do Rio Preto. This area is closed to the public.


Notes


Sources

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Montanhas de Teresopolis Municipal Nature Park Municipal nature parks of Brazil Protected areas of Rio de Janeiro (state) 2009 establishments in Brazil