Mongondow, or , is one of the
Philippine languages
The Philippine languages or Philippinic are a proposed group by R. David Paul Zorc (1986) and Robert Blust (1991; 2005; 2019) that include all the languages of the Philippines and northern Sulawesi, Indonesia—except Sama–Bajaw (language ...
spoken in
Bolaang Mongondow Regency as well as
Kotamobagu city and neighbouring regencies (
North Bolaang Mongondow Regency,
South Bolaang Mongondow Regency and
East Bolaang Mongondow Regency) of
North Sulawesi
North Sulawesi () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is mainly located on the Minahasa Peninsula of the island of Sulawesi, south of the Philippines and southeast of Sabah, Malaysia, but also includes various small archipel ...
(Celebes) and
Gorontalo Provinces,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
. With more than 200,000 speakers, it is the major language of the regency. Historically, it served as the official language of the
Bolaang Mongondow Kingdom.
There is some lexical influence from
Malay and
Ternate
Ternate (), also known as the City of Ternate (; ), is the
List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city with the largest population in the province of North Maluku and an island in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia. It was the ''de facto'' provi ...
, as well as the Indonesian national language. It is a threatened language, with a shift to
Manado Malay in the younger generation. The moribund
Lolak language has borrowed much of its lexicon from Mongondow, but appears to be more closely related to
Gorontalo.
Phonology
Mongondow has the following phoneme inventory:
The lateral is pronounced as alveolar when adjacent to the front vowels , . In all other environments, it is a
retroflex
A retroflex () or cacuminal () consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consona ...
.
Grammar
Pronouns
The personal pronouns are:
Numerals
References
Bibliography
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External links
Website about Mongondow grammar*
Gorontalo–Mongondow languages
Languages of Sulawesi
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