Mong or Mung (مونگ ) is a village and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

History

According to

Alexander Cunningham Major General Sir Alexander Cunningham (23 January 1814 – 28 November 1893) was a British Army engineer with the Bengal Sappers who later took an interest in the history and archaeology of India. In 1861, he was appointed to the newly crea ...

, Mong was built on the ancient city of

Nicaea Nicaea (also spelled Nicæa or Nicea, ; ), also known as Nikaia (, Attic: , Koine: ), was an ancient Greek city in the north-western Anatolian region of Bithynia. It was the site of the First and Second Councils of Nicaea (the first and seve ...

which was founded by

Alexander the Great Alexander III of Macedon (; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the Ancient Greece, ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedon. He succeeded his father Philip ...

in commemoration of his victory over Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes. However, the ruins of the

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

of Nicea have not been found yet, not least because the landscape has changed somewhat.P. H. L. Eggermont, ''Alexander's campaign in Southern Punjab'' (1993). The 1910 edition of ''

Encyclopædia Britannica The is a general knowledge, general-knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It has been published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. since 1768, although the company has changed ownership seven times. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, ...

'' cited Mong as the location of Nicaea, but the latest edition does not state this. According to '' The Imperial Gazetteer of India'': "The overthrow of the

Bactria Bactria (; Bactrian language, Bactrian: , ), or Bactriana, was an ancient Iranian peoples, Iranian civilization in Central Asia based in the area south of the Oxus River (modern Amu Darya) and north of the mountains of the Hindu Kush, an area ...

ns by the Parthians in the latter half of the second century brought another change of rulers, and the

coins A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by ...

of the Indo-Scythian king Maues (c. 120 BCE), who is known to local tradition as Raja Moga, have been found at Mong". At the end of the first century CE the whole of the Punjab was conquered by the Yueh-chi." Centuries later, at almost the same location, a few kilometers away from Mong, in the

Second Anglo-Sikh War The Second Anglo-Sikh War was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the East India Company which took place from 1848 to 1849. It resulted in the fall of the Sikh Empire, and the annexation of the Punjab region, Punjab and what sub ...

, the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

forces under Lord Gough and the Khalsa Sikh Army fought the Battle of Chillianwala.

References

{{Coord, 32, 38, 48, N, 73, 30, 36, E, display=title Union councils of Mandi Bahauddin District Villages in Mandi Bahauddin District