The Mokotów Tollhouses (

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Polish people, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken * Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin ...

: ''Rogatki Mokotowskie'') are two Neoclassical

tollhouse A tollhouse or toll house is a building with accommodation for a toll collector, beside a tollgate on a toll road, canal, or toll bridge. History Many tollhouses were built by turnpike trusts in England, Wales and Scotland during the 18th and ...

pavilions in

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

, within the

Downtown ''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in American and Canadian English to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district ( ...

district. They are placed on both sides of the Puławska Street at the

Union of Lublin Square Union of Lublin Square (Polish language, Polish: ''Plac Unii Lubelskiej'') is an Town square, urban square and a roundabout in Warsaw, Poland, within the Downtown, Warsaw, Downtown district. It forms an intersection of Polna, Marszałkowska Street ...

. The tollhouses were designed by

Jakub Kubicki Jakub Kubicki (1758–1833) was a Polish classicist architect and designer. Biography Born in Warsaw in 1758, into a bourgeois family, Jakub Kubicki graduated from the Jesuit College, at the same time that he was taking lessons from Dom ...

and opened in 1818.

History

The first tollhouses in

appeared after 1770, which coincided with the construction of the

Lubomirski Ramparts Lubomirski Ramparts () was a 12 kilometre-long earthwork surrounding the city of Warsaw in late 18th and 19th century. A line of earthworks with a dry moat separated the city of Warsaw from the countryside. Erected by Stanisław Lubomirski, the ...

, a fortifications line surrounding the city. They were placed at the largest roads leading in and outside the city. By the end of the 18th century, tollhouses were present in ten locations, including

Mokotów Mokotów () is a district of Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. It is densely populated, and hosts many companies and foreign embassies. Only a small part of the district is lightly industrialised (''Służewiec Przemysłowy''), while the majori ...

.''Encyklopedia Warszawy''. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 732. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. (in Polish) Between 1816 and 1823, across the city, new tollhouse buildings were constructed, designed by architect

, in the Neoclassical style. In total 9 sets were constructed, each consisting of two identical pavilions. Each set was designed differently.Jerzy S. Majewski: Warszawa nieodbudowana. Królestwo Polskie w latach 1815–1840. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Veda, 2009, s. 160–161. ISBN 978-83-61932-00-0. (in Polish)Mariusz Karpowicz (editor): ''Sztuka Warszawy''. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1986, p. 221. ISBN 83-01-04060-2. (in Polish) The Mokotów Tollhouses were constructed between 1816 and 1818. They were placed at the

, on both sides of today's Puławska Street.Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Andrzej Rottermund: ''Atlas architektury Warszawy''. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady, 1977, p. 208. (in Polish) One pavilion housed a tax collector, whole the other, a police officer. One of the pavilions was damaged in 1944 during the

Warsaw Uprising The Warsaw Uprising (; ), sometimes referred to as the August Uprising (), or the Battle of Warsaw, was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from ...

in the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, and renovated afterwards.Eugeniusz Szwankowski: ''Ulice i place Warszawy''. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1970, p. 232–233. (in Polish) In 1965 the building received the status of a protected cultural property. Together with the Grochów Tollhouses, they are the only still remaining historical tollhouses in the city. On 19 October 2016, a museum was opened in the west pavilion dedicated to

Sue Ryder Margaret Susan Cheshire, Baroness Ryder of Warsaw, Baroness Cheshire, (; 3 July 1924 – 2 November 2000), commonly known as Sue Ryder, was a British volunteer with Special Operations Executive in the Second World War, and a member of th ...

, a British volunteer with

Special Operations Executive Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a British organisation formed in 1940 to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in German-occupied Europe and to aid local Resistance during World War II, resistance movements during World War II. ...

in the

, and a member of the

First Aid Nursing Yeomanry The First Aid Nursing Yeomanry (Princess Royal's Volunteer Corps) (FANY (PRVC)) is a British independent all-female registered charity structured like a military reserve unit. which primarily provides surge relief to civil and military authoriti ...

, who afterwards established charitable organisations, notably the Sue Ryder Foundation (now known as simply

Characteristics

Mokotów Tollhouses consist of two symmetrical pavilions, placed on both sides of the Puławska Street, at the

. They are listed under address numbers 1 for the east pavilion, and 2 for the west pavilion. Each pavilion has a base in the shape of a curved rectangle, to match the curvature of the roundabout at the Union of Lublin Square. They were designed in the Neoclassical style, with a

portico A portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls. This idea was widely used in ancient Greece and has influenced many cu ...

that has two

Doric order The Doric order is one of the three orders of ancient Greek and later Roman architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian. The Doric is most easily recognized by the simple circular capitals at the top of t ...

columns. The east pavilion houses a museum dedicated to

, a volunteer with

in the

, and a member of the

, who afterwards established charitable organisations, notably the Sue Ryder Foundation (now known as simply

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mokotow Tollhouses Buildings and structures in Warsaw 1818 establishments in Poland Buildings and structures completed in 1818 Transport infrastructure completed in 1818 Śródmieście Południowe Toll houses Neoclassical architecture in Warsaw Neoclassical buildings and structures