Misión Santa Rosalía De Mulegé
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Mission Santa Rosalía de Mulegé is located in the oasis of
Mulegé Mulegé is a city in Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, situated on the Gulf of California. Located on the Gulf of California, the population was 3,834 according to the Mexican census of 2020. History Indigenous peoples have lived in ...
, in
Mulegé Municipality Mulegé is the northernmost municipalities of Mexico, municipality of the Mexico, Mexican States of Mexico, state of Baja California Sur. It is the largest municipality by area in Mexico, with an area of 33,092.20 km2 (12,777 sq mi). In th ...
, northeastern Baja California Sur state, México. It is an
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia The Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH, ''National Institute of Anthropology and History'') is a Federal government of the United Mexican States, Mexican federal government bureau established in 1939 to guarantee the researc ...
listed Cultural Heritage Monument.


Etymology

The mission is named after both
Saint Rosalia Rosalia (; ; 1130–1166), nicknamed ("the Little Saint"), is the patron saint of Palermo in Italy, Camargo in Chihuahua, and three towns in Venezuela: El Hatillo, , and El Playón. She is especially important internationally as a saint in ...
and the indigenous
Cochimí The Cochimí were the Indigenous inhabitants of the central part of the Baja California peninsula, from El Rosario in the north to San Javier in the south. Information on Cochimí customs and beliefs has been preserved in the brief observati ...
settlement of
Mulegé Mulegé is a city in Mulegé Municipality, Baja California Sur, situated on the Gulf of California. Located on the Gulf of California, the population was 3,834 according to the Mexican census of 2020. History Indigenous peoples have lived in ...
.


History

The mission was founded in 1705 by the
Jesuit The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...
missionary Juan Manuel de Basaldúa and financed by the Marqués de Villapuente at a ranchería of the local Cochimí people known as ''Mulegé'', on the eastern Baja California Peninsula, in
Viceroyalty of New Spain New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( ; Nahuatl: ''Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl''), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain. It was one of several ...
. The site lies near the entrance of Bahía de Concepción, on the coast of the
Gulf of California The Gulf of California (), also known as the Sea of Cortés (''Mar de Cortés'') or Sea of Cortez, or less commonly as the Vermilion Sea (''Mar Vermejo''), is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean that separates the Baja California peninsula from ...
. A hurricane in 1717 devastated the agricultural fields that supported the original settlement. Construction of a stone church was begun in 1766. In 1768, when the
Franciscans The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest conte ...
took over responsibility for colonial Baja California from the Jesuits, there were reportedly still some 300 Cochimí neophytes kept at Mulegé. However, by 1770, the mission was virtually deserted. The
Dominicans Dominicans () also known as Quisqueyans () are an ethnic group, ethno-nationality, national people, a people of shared ancestry and culture, who have ancestral roots in the Dominican Republic. The Dominican ethnic group was born out of a fusio ...
, who succeeded the Franciscans in Baja in 1773, began rebuilding, but the population remained less than 100. The mission ceased to function in 1828. The present church buildings have been extensively restored.


See also

*
Spanish missions in Baja California The Spanish missions in Baja California were a large number of religious outposts established by Catholic religious orders, the Jesuits, the Franciscans and the Dominicans, between 1683 and 1834. The missionary goal was to spread the Christian do ...
*
Spanish missions in California The Spanish missions in California () formed a List of Spanish missions in California, series of 21 religious outposts or missions established between 1769 and 1833 in what is now the U.S. state of California. The missions were established by ...
*
List of Jesuit sites This list includes past and present buildings, facilities and institutions associated with the Society of Jesus. In each country, sites are listed in chronological order of start of Jesuit association. Nearly all these sites have be ...


References

* Vernon, Edward W. 2002; ''Las Misiones Antiguas: The Spanish Missions of Baja California, 1683–1855'' — Viejo Press, Santa Barbara, California.


External links


Panorama of "Mission Santa Rosalía"

Panorama of "The Oasis of Mulegé"
Rosalia Mulegé Municipality 1705 in New Spain 1705 establishments in New Spain Religious buildings and structures completed in 1768 1768 establishments in New Spain {{NewSpain-stub