Mission Guadalupe del Norte (), also known as Misión de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe del Norte, is a
Spanish mission located in
Valle de Guadalupe
The Valle de Guadalupe (Guadalupe Valley) is an agricultural region in the Ensenada Municipality, Baja California, Mexico that produces an estimated 70 percent of Mexican wine. In recent years, it has become a popular tourist destination for wi ...
,
Baja California
Baja California, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California, is a state in Mexico. It is the northwesternmost of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1952, the area was known as the North Territory of B ...
. It was founded by the
Dominican missionary
Félix Caballero in June 1834
in an area long inhabited by the
Kumeyaay people
The Kumeyaay, also known as 'Iipai-Tiipai or by the historical Spanish name Diegueño, is a tribe of Indigenous peoples of the Americas who live at the northern border of Baja California in Mexico and the southern border of California in the Uni ...
. The mission was the last of the Dominican missions to be founded, and one of only two founded after Mexico
gained its independence from Spain in 1821.
Location
The mission's inland site, about 25 kilometers east of
Misión San Miguel was presumably chosen for the agricultural potential of its wide valley. Wheat, olives, pears, and grapes were among the crops that were produced.
History
Mission Guadalupe del Norte may have had about 400
Kumeyaay
The Kumeyaay, also known as 'Iipai-Tiipai or by the historical Spanish name Diegueño, is a tribe of Indigenous peoples of the Americas who live at the northern border of Baja California in Mexico and the southern border of California in the Uni ...
Indians in its care. However, conflicts seem to have been frequent, both with the local groups and with
Quechan
The Quechan ( Quechan: ''Kwatsáan'' 'those who descended'), or Yuma, are a Native American tribe who live on the Fort Yuma Indian Reservation on the lower Colorado River in Arizona and California just north of the Mexican border. Despite ...
from as far away as the lower
Colorado River
The Colorado River () is one of the principal rivers (along with the Rio Grande) in the Southwestern United States and in northern Mexico. The river, the List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem), 5th longest in the United St ...
. In 1840, a rebellion under a local leader, Jatñil, forced Caballero to abandon the mission.
Construction
Stone foundations and adobe walls from the short-lived mission survived at the site as late as the middle twentieth century. Only the foundations of the original mission complex remain.
See also
*
Spanish missions in Baja California
The Spanish missions in Baja California were a large number of religious outposts established by Catholic religious orders, the Jesuits, the Franciscans and the Dominicans, between 1683 and 1834. The missionary goal was to spread the Christian do ...
*
Misión El Descanso
Mission El Descanso (), originally Misión San Miguel la Nueva, was a Spanish mission located in what is now Playas de Rosarito Municipality, Baja California. It was the founded by the Dominican missionary Tomás de Ahumada in 1810 in an area ...
- the penultimate Dominican mission to be founded, 1817
*
Mission San Francisco Solano
Mission San Francisco Solano was the 21st, last, and northernmost mission in Alta California. It was named for Saint Francis Solanus. It was the only mission built in Alta California after Mexico gained independence from Spain. The difficult ...
- the last Franciscan mission to be founded, 1824
References
*
Mathes, W. Michael. 2001. "Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe: The Last Mission of the Californias and Theater of Conflicts, 1795–1840". ''Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly'' 37(4):25-29
* Meigs, Peveril, III. 1935. ''The Dominican Mission Frontier of Lower California''. University of California Publications in Geography No. 7. Berkeley.
* Meigs, Peveril, III. 2001. "Guadalupe: Last Mission of the Californias". ''Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly'' 37(4):19-24.
* Vernon, Edward W. 2002. ''Las Misiones Antiguas: The Spanish Missions of Baja California, 1683–1855''. Viejo Press, Santa Barbara, California.
Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe
Our Lady of Guadalupe (), also known as the Virgin of Guadalupe (), is a Catholic title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with four Marian apparitions to Juan Diego and one to his uncle, Juan Bernardino reported in December 1531, when the ...
Landmarks in Ensenada
1834 establishments in Mexico
{{NewSpain-stub