Miroslav Ladislav Vitouš (born 6 December 1947) is a Czech jazz bassist. He is known as a founding member of the ensemble Weather Report, and for working as a bandleader and alongside Chick Corea, Jack DeJohnette and others.
Biography
Early life and education
Born in
Prague
Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
, Vitouš began the
violin
The violin, sometimes referred to as a fiddle, is a wooden chordophone, and is the smallest, and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in regular use in the violin family. Smaller violin-type instruments exist, including the violino picc ...
at age six, switching to
piano
A piano is a keyboard instrument that produces sound when its keys are depressed, activating an Action (music), action mechanism where hammers strike String (music), strings. Modern pianos have a row of 88 black and white keys, tuned to a c ...
after about three years, and then to bass at age fourteen. As a young man in Europe, Vitouš was a competitive swimmer. One of his early music groups was the Junior Trio with his brother Alan on drums and
Jan Hammer
Jan Hammer () (born 17 April 1948) is a Czech-American musician, composer, and record producer. He rose to prominence while playing keyboards with the Mahavishnu Orchestra during the early 1970s, as well as with his film scores for television an ...
on keyboards. He studied music at the Prague Conservatory under František Pošta, and won a music contest in Vienna in 1966 that gave him a scholarship to the
Berklee College of Music
Berklee College of Music () is a Private university, private music college in Boston, Boston, Massachusetts. It is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Known for the study of jazz and modern Music of the United ...
in
Boston
Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
, which he attended one year before going to
Chicago
Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...
to play with a group co-led by the classically inclined trombonist Bob Brookmeyer and flugelhorn pioneer Clark Terry.
Early career (1967–1970)
Miles Davis
Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926September 28, 1991) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th century music, 20th-century music. Davis ado ...
saw Vitouš playing in Chicago with Brookmeyer and Terry in 1967 and invited him to join his own group playing at the Village Gate in
New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
. It was with Davis that Vitouš first encountered saxophonist Wayne Shorter, keyboardist
Herbie Hancock
Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an American jazz musician, bandleader, and composer. He started his career with trumpeter Donald Byrd's group. Hancock soon joined the Miles Davis Quintet, where he helped to redefine the role of ...
and the Davis-centric scene that was transforming mainstream jazz from late hard bop into what would be known as
jazz fusion
Jazz fusion (also known as jazz rock, jazz-rock fusion, or simply fusion) is a popular music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined jazz harmony and improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues. Electric gui ...
.
1968 saw the first of Vitouš's partnerships with several musicians who would be a major part of his soundscape over the course of his career. With vibraphonist Roy Ayers, Vitouš played on flautist
Herbie Mann
Herbert Jay Solomon (April 16, 1930 – July 1, 2003), known by his stage name Herbie Mann, was an American jazz Flute, flute player and important early practitioner of world music. Early in his career, he also played tenor saxophone and clarinet ...
the Beatles
The Beatles were an English Rock music, rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. The core lineup of the band comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are widely regarded as the Cultural impact of the Beatle ...
' " Come Together" on '' Muscle Shoals Nitty Gritty''.
Also in 1968, Vitouš and drummer Roy Haynes joined a Chick Corea-led trio, for what would be the first of several outings featuring Vitouš and one or both of them. At the end of the year they released the highly acclaimed '' Now He Sings, Now He Sobs''. Some of the tracks recorded at this time were later included in Corea's 1975 album '' Circling In''.
Finally, 1968 saw Vitouš join drummer Jack DeJohnette, with whom he would often collaborate over the length of his career, on '' The DeJohnette Complex'', DeJohnette's debut album as bandleader. Vitouš and Eddie Gómez split duties on bass. Haynes, multireedist Bennie Maupin, and pianist Stanley Cowell rounded out the ensemble.
The following year, Vitouš recorded his debut album as a bandleader, '' Infinite Search'' for Mann's
Embryo
An embryo ( ) is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism. In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sp ...
label (reissued in 1972 on
Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...
as ''Mountain In The Clouds'' and on a German label as ''The Bass''). The album featured Hancock on the electric piano, Joe Henderson on tenor sax, John McLaughlin on electric guitar, and DeJohnette and
Joe Chambers
Joe Chambers (born June 25, 1942) is an American jazz drummer, pianist, vibraphonist and composer. In the 1960s and 1970s, Chambers gigged with many high-profile artists such as Eric Dolphy, Charles Mingus, Wayne Shorter, and Chick Corea an ...
splitting duties on drums. In 2016, journalist Paul Rigby looked back at the album, calling it "superb" and "an eye-opening glimpse into itoušs glittering past." That year, he recorded his contributions to guitarist Larry Coryell's '' Spaces'' with McLaughlin, Corea, and drummer
Billy Cobham
William Emanuel Cobham Jr. (born May 16, 1944) is a Panamanian–American jazz drummer who came to prominence in the late 1960s and early 1970s with trumpeter Miles Davis and then with the Mahavishnu Orchestra.
He was inducted into the '' Mode ...
. Additional tracks from these sessions were later released on Coryell's 1975 album '' Planet End''.
1969 was also the year that Vitouš first stepped into the recording studio with Wayne Shorter, with whom he'd played under Miles Davis' leadership two years prior. He played on Shorter's twelfth album, '' Super Nova'', alongside McLaughlin, DeJohnette, Corea, and Brazilian percussionist
Airto Moreira
Airto Guimorvan Moreira (born August 5, 1941) is a Brazilian jazz drummer, composer and percussionist. He is married to jazz singer Flora Purim, and their daughter Diana Moreira is also a singer. Coming to prominence in the late 1960s as a membe ...
, among others.
1970 saw Vitouš continue as bandleader as he recorded ''Purple'' for Columbia, supported by McLaughlin, Cobham and the keyboardist and fellow Davis alum Joe Zawinul. He also split bass duties with Walter Booker on Zawinul's eponymous album, to which Shorter contributed soprano saxophone on one track. The album was released on
Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for se ...
the following year.
Again under Shorter's leadership, he played in the 1970 sessions for what would be released in 1974 as '' Moto Grosso Feio'', splitting bass duties with higher-billed fellow Davis alums Carter and Dave Holland. 1969 and 1970's various collaborations between combinations of Shorter, Vitouš, and Zawinul surrounded by other jazz musicians marked a transition to the next, joint stage of their careers.
Founding member of Weather Report (1970–1973)
In 1970, Shorter, Zawinul, and Vitouš formed the founding core of the jazz group Weather Report. There's some dispute over how the band initially coalesced. According to Zawinul, it began when he and Shorter recruited Vitouš, who had recently played with each of them separately. According to Vitouš himself, it was he and Shorter who actually founded Weather Report, with Shorter bringing in Zawinul afterwards. Given the fluidity of the scene's jazz lineups at the time, the recollections need not be mutually exclusive, and in any event, it was those three musicians—all composers—who formed the initial core of the project.
Over their 16-year career, Weather Report explored various types of music, predominantly centered on jazz (initially the " free" variety), but also incorporating elements of
art music
Art music (alternatively called classical music, cultivated music, serious music, and canonic music) is music considered to be of high culture, high phonoaesthetic value. It typically implies advanced structural and theoretical considerationsJa ...
funk
Funk is a music genre that originated in African-American communities in the mid-1960s when musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of various music genres that were popular among African-Americans in the ...
, and rock. While their work was often called jazz fusion, the band members generally distanced themselves from that term. From the start, the band took the unusual approach of abandoning the traditional "soloist/accompaniment" demarcation of straight-ahead jazz and featured opportunities for continuous improvisation by every member of the band.
Vitouš and Zawinul experimented with electronic
effects pedals
An effects unit, effects processor, or effects pedal is an electronic device that alters the sound of a musical instrument or other audio source through audio signal processing.
Common effects include distortion (music), distortion/overdrive, ...
, which up to that time had primarily been used by rock
guitarist
A guitarist (or a guitar player) is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as classical guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselve ...
synthesizer
A synthesizer (also synthesiser or synth) is an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals. Synthesizers typically create sounds by generating waveforms through methods including subtractive synthesis, additive synthesis a ...
Robert Christgau
Robert Thomas Christgau ( ; born April 18, 1942) is an American music journalist and essayist. Among the most influential music critics, he began his career in the late 1960s as one of the earliest professional rock critics and later became a ...
situated the band as a keyboards-and-sax-centered development from the sound of Miles Davis' 1969 album '' In a Silent Way'', on which Zawinul and Shorter had played, but Vitouš had not. Christgau also saw the Vitouš composition "Crystal" off '' I Sing the Body Electric'' as "a flop." "Crystal" was Vitouš's only solely authored contribution to the album whose sleeve featured a highly stylized illustration of a solitary figure standing before a keyboard, and Christgau found the song to be out of step with the literally and metaphorically "electric" direction of the rest of the record.
Creative differences and departure from Weather Report
Vitouš and Zawinul were finding themselves at creative loggerheads, since the former preferred Weather Report's original lightly structured, improvisational approach and the latter wished to continue to integrate other popular
African diaspora
The African diaspora is the worldwide collection of communities descended from List of ethnic groups of Africa, people from Africa. The term most commonly refers to the descendants of the native West Africa, West and Central Africans who were ...
and
African-American
African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. ...
music styles. Retrospectively, Zawinul accused Vitouš of being unable to play funk convincingly (something corroborated by Greg Errico, a former
Sly and the Family Stone
Sly and the Family Stone was an American band formed in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, in 1966 and active until 1983. Their work, which blended elements of funk, soul music, soul, psychedelic rock, gospel music, gospel, and R&B, becam ...
drummer who briefly toured with the band) and claimed that he had not written enough songs. Vitouš countered that he had in fact brought in compositions, but that Zawinul had been unable to play them. Vitouš has also accused Zawinul of having been "a first-class manipulator" primarily interested in commercial success. When Shorter sided with Zawinul, the original three-man partnership broke down acrimoniously and Vitouš left Weather Report, moving on to an illustrious career leading his own band and winning respect as a composer.Prasad, Anil "Miroslav Vitous: Freeing the muse" Innerviews webzine. 2004.
Vitouš co-wrote with Zawinul and recorded his final contribution to Weather Report in 1973. This was "American Tango," which appeared on the band's fourth album '' Mysterious Traveller'' the following year. Vitouš was replaced in the subsequent sessions for ''Mysterious Traveller'' by electric bassist Alphonso Johnson. The record is the band's first to predominantly use electric bass and incorporate the liberal uses of funk, R&B grooves, and rock in what would develop into the hallmark of the band's signature late-period sound. At the same time, a more restricted compositional format became evident on this album, replacing the broadly open improvisation structures used on the first three albums.
Vitouš later said of his total experience with the band, "I enjoyed the beginning of it very much, but it turned into a little bit of a drag in the end because Joe Zawinul wanted to go in another direction. The band was seeking success and fame and they basically changed their music to go a commercial way into a black funk thing". He also felt aggrieved financially, commenting, "I was an equal partner and basically, I didn't get anything. We had a corporation together that was completely ignored. If you have a company and three people own it, and then two people say 'Okay, we don't want to work like this anymore. It's just two of us now', normally, they break down the stock and pay off the third person".
Later career (1974–present)
Collaborations
After leaving Weather Report, Vitouš's default mode was collaboration and work as a sideman with a wide range of partners, from his old bandleader Larry Coryell and the drummer and fellow Weather Report and Coryell alum Alphonse Mouzon to Stan Getz and Flora Purim. He has also worked with Freddie Hubbard and Michel Petrucciani.
Festivals and live performances
In 1981, Vitouš performed at the Woodstock Jazz Festival held in celebration of the tenth anniversary of the Creative Music Studio, and in 1984 he collaborated with fellow bassist Stanley Clarke. In 1988, Vitouš moved back to Europe to concentrate on composing but nonetheless continued to perform in festivals.
Albums on ECM
Vitouš joined the ECM stable of performers in 1978 to play in a trio with guitarist Terje Rypdal and DeJohnette; he had most recently been with
Arista Records
Arista Records ( ) is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the American division of the Japanese conglomerate Sony. The label was previously a division of Bertelsmann Music G ...
. ECM, founded in 1969, was developing a reputation for supporting genre-fluid releases that often freely mixed jazz, classical, and world music influences. ECM's stable of artists would trade contributions back and forth on one anothers' often dense and intellectual albums in a fluent manner that attracted both criticism and praise. Vitouš's classical, collaborative, and versatile bass and fluid give-and-take approach to band-leadership fit the sound of his new label and labelmates over the coming decades. The trio of Rypdal, Vitouš, and DeJohnette followed up their eponymous first album three years later with '' To Be Continued''.
In 1979, Vitouš stepped back into the role of bandleader, recording and releasing '' First Meeting'' on ECM. 1980's '' Miroslav Vitous Group'' was later praised in a five-star review by John Kelman in
All About Jazz
''All About Jazz'' is a website established by Michael Ricci in 1995. A volunteer staff publishes news, album reviews, articles, videos, and listings of concerts and other events having to do with jazz. Ricci maintains a related site, ''Jazz Near ...
as "exceptionally good."Kelman, E AllAboutJazz Review /ref> There followed an occasional run of Vitouš-led albums including '' Journey's End'' (1982), '' Atmos'' (1992—featuring saxophonist
Jan Garbarek
Jan Garbarek () (born 4 March 1947) is a Norwegian jazz saxophonist, who is also active in classical music and world music.
Garbarek was born in Mysen, Østfold, southeastern Norway, the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war, Czesław Gar ...
), '' Universal Syncopations'' (2003, with Garbarek, Corea, McLaughlin, and DeJohnette among others), and '' Universal Syncopations II'' (2004-2005). These received largely positive specialist reviews that often discussed them in the context of the ECM house sound: "highly recommended," "gorgeous sounding and toughly played," and "A quintessentially ECM aesthetic is very much at work on this solid effort, which will be enthusiastically welcomed by those who complain that Vitouš hasn't recorded often enough as a leader."
1982 brought Vitouš back with Corea and Haynes for the first time since the late 1960s, as they released '' Trio Music'' on ECM, following it up two years later with '' Trio Music Live in Europe''. The three reunited again in 2001 for a concert in a series entitled "Rendezvous in New York" in celebration of Corea's 60th birthday. The album of the same name came out not on ECM but on Corea's Stretch label in 2003 and earned Corea a Grammy Award for Best Improvised Jazz Solo for the composition "Matrix".
Vitouš released the solo bass album ''
Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.
Emergence plays a central rol ...
'' on ECM in 1985. David R. Adler said in
Allmusic
AllMusic (previously known as All-Music Guide and AMG) is an American online database, online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on Musical artist, musicians and Mus ...
of the bassist's performance in the solitary format, "''Emergence'' showcases Miroslav Vitouš in a solo bass setting, with no overdubs. It's austere and challenging, but Vitous is never ponderous; he sustains plenty of interest with his passion and staggering technique, dividing his time equally between pizzicato and arco statements."Adler, D. R Allmusic Review accessed September 26, 2011
Vitouš and drummer Peter Erskine joined Garbarek on Garbarek's album ''
StAR
A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma (physics), plasma held together by Self-gravitation, self-gravity. The List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs, nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night sk ...
'' in 1991. The bassist later said of his rapport with the Norwegian saxophonist, "I am a Slavic musician and it is deeply inside of me. I consider arbarekto be like my musical brother."
Miroslav Philharmonik
In 2005, Vitouš released Miroslav Philhamonik, an orchestra and choir virtual instrument he recorded at Dvořák Hall inside the Rudolfinum in Prague. The instrumental parts were performed by the Czech Philharmonic.
Embryo
An embryo ( ) is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism. In organisms that reproduce sexually, embryonic development is the part of the life cycle that begins just after fertilization of the female egg cell by the male sp ...
, 1970)
* 1970: '' Purple'' ( CBS/Sony, 1970) – in Japan only
* 1976?: ''Magical Shepherd'' (Warner Bros., 1976)
* 1976?: ''Majesty Music'' ( Arista, 1976)
* 1977?: ''Miroslav'' (Arista/Freedom, 1977)
* 1978: ''Guardian Angels'' with George Otsuka, John Scofield, Kenny Kirkland, Mabumi Yamaguchi (Trio, 1979)
* 1979: '' First Meeting'' ( ECM, 1980)
* 1980: '' Miroslav Vitous Group'' (ECM, 1981)
* 1982: '' Journey's End'' (ECM, 1983)
* 1985: ''
Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.
Emergence plays a central rol ...
'' (ECM, 1986)
* 1992: '' Atmos'' with Jan Garbarek (ECM, 1993)
* 2002: '' Universal Syncopations'' (ECM, 2003)
* 2004–2005: '' Universal Syncopations II'' (ECM, 2007)
* 2006–2007: ''Remembering Weather Report'' with Michel Portal (ECM, 2009)
* 2010–2011: ''Music of Weather Report'' (ECM, 2016)
* 2015: ''Wings'' with Adam Pierończyk (For Tune, 2015)
* 2016: ''Live at NOSPR'' with Adam Pierończyk (Jazz Sound , 2019) – live
* 2016: ''Ziljabu Nights'' (Intuition, 2016)
* 2016: ''Ad-Lib Orbits'' with Adam Pierończyk (PAO, 2017)
* 2018: ''Moravian Romance'' with Emil Viklický (
Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is often called Earth's "twin" or "sister" planet for having almost the same size and mass, and the closest orbit to Earth's. While both are rocky planets, Venus has an atmosphere much thicker ...
Herbie Mann
Herbert Jay Solomon (April 16, 1930 – July 1, 2003), known by his stage name Herbie Mann, was an American jazz Flute, flute player and important early practitioner of world music. Early in his career, he also played tenor saxophone and clarinet ...
Franco Ambrosetti
Franco Ambrosetti (born 10 December 1941) is a jazz trumpeter, flugelhornist and composer. He was born in Lugano, Switzerland; his father, Flavio Ambrosetti, Flavio, was a saxophonist who once played opposite Charlie Parker.Light Breeze'' (Enja, 1998) – rec. 1997
* Amerie, '' All I Have'' (Columbia, 2002) – rec. 2001–2002
* Buck-Tick, '' Symphonic Buck-Tick in Berlin'' (Invitation, 1990)
* Donald Byrd, '' The Creeper'' (Blue Note, 1981) – rec. 1967
* Mariano Deidda, ''L'Incapacità di Pensare'' (Sette Ottavi/Warner, 2005)
* Jack DeJohnette, '' The DeJohnette Complex'' (Milestone, 1969) – rec. 1968
* Aydin Esen, Vinnie Colaiuta, ''Living'' (Universal/EmArcy, 2001)
* Antonio Farao, Daniel Humair, ''Takes On Pasolini'' (CAM Jazz, 2005)
* Stan Getz, '' The Song Is You'' (Laserlight, 1996) – rec. 1969
* Laszlo Gardony, ''The Secret'' (Antilles/Island, 1988) – rec. 1986
*
Jan Garbarek
Jan Garbarek () (born 4 March 1947) is a Norwegian jazz saxophonist, who is also active in classical music and world music.
Garbarek was born in Mysen, Østfold, southeastern Norway, the only child of a former Polish prisoner of war, Czesław Gar ...
, ''
StAR
A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma (physics), plasma held together by Self-gravitation, self-gravity. The List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs, nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night sk ...
'' (ECM, 1991)
*
Tim Hardin
James Timothy Hardin (December 23, 1941 – December 29, 1980) was an American folk music and blues singer-songwriter and guitarist. In addition to his own success, his songs " If I Were a Carpenter", " Reason to Believe", " Misty Roses" and " ...
Jon Hassell
Jon Hassell (March 22, 1937 – June 26, 2021) was an American trumpet player and composer. He was best known for developing the concept of "Fourth World" music, which describes a "unified primitive/futurist sound" combining elements of various w ...
Steve Kuhn
Steve Kuhn (born March 24, 1938) is an American jazz pianist, composer, arranger, bandleader, and educator. He is the composer of the jazz standard " The Saga of Harrison Crabfeathers".
Biography
Kuhn was born in New York City, New York, to S ...