Mintaro, South Australia
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Mintaro is a historic town in the eastern
Clare Valley The Clare Valley is a valley located in South Australia about north of Adelaide in the Clare and Gilbert Valleys council area. It is the river valley formed by the Hutt River but is also strongly associated with the roughly parallel Hill Riv ...
, east of the
Horrocks Highway Horrocks Highway is a major north–south arterial route through regional South Australia, between Quorn in the Flinders Ranges, and Gawler, on the north-eastern fringe of suburban Adelaide. Route Horrocks Highway commences at the intersectio ...
, about north of
Adelaide Adelaide ( , ; ) is the list of Australian capital cities, capital and most populous city of South Australia, as well as the list of cities in Australia by population, fifth-most populous city in Australia. The name "Adelaide" may refer to ei ...
,
South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...
. The town lies at the south-eastern corner of the
Hundred of Clare The Hundred of Clare is a cadastral unit of hundred in the northern Mount Lofty Ranges centred on the town of Clare. It is one of the 16 hundreds of the County of Stanley. History The hundred was proclaimed in 1850 by Governor Henry Young and ...
, within the
Clare Valley wine region The Clare Valley wine region is one of Australia's oldest wine regions, best known for Riesling wines. It lies in the Mid North of South Australia, approximately 142 km north of Adelaide. The valley runs north-south, with Horrocks High ...
. Established in 1849, Mintaro is situated on land which was bought originally by Joseph and Henry Gilbert, which they sub-divided into 80 allotments. Mintaro was originally intended as a stopping and resting place for the bullock teams carting copper ore from the Burra mine to Port Wakefield. By 1876 the population was recorded as 400. Mintaro continued to develop as a rural service centre during the 1870s and early 1880s, when pastoral and agricultural activities boomed in the state's
mid north The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains and south of the Far North and the outback. It is generally accepted to extend from Spencer Gulf east to the Barrier Highway, including the coastal plain, the souther ...
. After 1930, there was a general decline in rural populations and little development took place within the town for several decades. The Mintaro district includes prominent
Martindale Hall Martindale Hall is a Georgian style mansion near Mintaro, South Australia which appeared in the film '' Picnic at Hanging Rock''. Construction Martindale Hall was built for a wealthy bachelor pastoralist, Edmund Bowman Jr (1855–1921). T ...
and Kadlunga, two large pastoral properties. Known for its high quality, Mintaro
slate Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade, regional metamorphism. It is the finest-grained foliated metamorphic ro ...
is produced from what is believed to be the oldest continuing operating quarry in Australia. Although Mintaro is primarily an agricultural community,
tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the Commerce, commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. World Tourism Organization, UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as ...
plays an increasingly important role. Due to its historical and cultural significance, the entire town of Mintaro was declared a State Heritage Area for South Australia in 1984. In recent years, Mintaro has become a popular tourist destination and had increased
building restoration Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property describes the process through which the material, historical, and design integrity of any immovable cultural property are prolonged through carefully planned interventions. The indivi ...
and
residential development A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family resident ...
.


Geography and climate

Mintaro is located in the eastern
Clare Valley The Clare Valley is a valley located in South Australia about north of Adelaide in the Clare and Gilbert Valleys council area. It is the river valley formed by the Hutt River but is also strongly associated with the roughly parallel Hill Riv ...
, about 126 km north of
Adelaide Adelaide ( , ; ) is the list of Australian capital cities, capital and most populous city of South Australia, as well as the list of cities in Australia by population, fifth-most populous city in Australia. The name "Adelaide" may refer to ei ...
,
South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a States and territories of Australia, state in the southern central part of Australia. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, which in ...
east of the
Horrocks Highway Horrocks Highway is a major north–south arterial route through regional South Australia, between Quorn in the Flinders Ranges, and Gawler, on the north-eastern fringe of suburban Adelaide. Route Horrocks Highway commences at the intersectio ...
. The town lies at the south-eastern corner of the
Hundred of Clare The Hundred of Clare is a cadastral unit of hundred in the northern Mount Lofty Ranges centred on the town of Clare. It is one of the 16 hundreds of the County of Stanley. History The hundred was proclaimed in 1850 by Governor Henry Young and ...
, in the undulating hills of South Australia's
Mid North The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains and south of the Far North and the outback. It is generally accepted to extend from Spencer Gulf east to the Barrier Highway, including the coastal plain, the souther ...
, within the
Clare Valley wine region The Clare Valley wine region is one of Australia's oldest wine regions, best known for Riesling wines. It lies in the Mid North of South Australia, approximately 142 km north of Adelaide. The valley runs north-south, with Horrocks High ...
. The region contains a series of valleys with altitudes ranging from 300m to over 500m
above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level. In geodesy, it is formalized as orthometric height. The zero level ...
, with an annual average of 9.3 sunlight hours per day. The town is situated in a valley below Mount Horrocks at the crossroads of Jolly Way, Copper Ore Road, Min Man Road and Mintaro/Leasingham Roads. The main road in Mintaro is Burra Street. Mintaro's climate is
Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...
, with typically warm to hot summers and cool to cold moist winters.''Climate and Weather''
. Clare Valley Rocks. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
Daily average temperatures range from 8.0 °C in winter to 21.4 °C in summer with an annual average rainfall of 632mm. Rainfall mostly occurs in winter and spring months (June - September). There is occasional
hail Hail is a form of solid Precipitation (meteorology), precipitation. It is distinct from ice pellets (American English "sleet"), though the two are often confused. It consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice, each of which is called a hailsto ...
and although rare, snowfall has been recorded in the area.


Flora and fauna

Prior to the
European settlement of South Australia European, or Europeans, may refer to: In general * ''European'', an adjective referring to something of, from, or related to Europe ** Ethnic groups in Europe ** Demographics of Europe ** European cuisine, the cuisines of Europe and other We ...
, the Clare Valley region consisted of grassy-woodlands and open grasslands providing an abundance of food for the Indigenous
Ngadjuri The Ngadjuri people are a group of Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands lie in the mid north of South Australia with a territory extending from Gawler in the south to Orroroo in the Flinders Ranges in the north. Name Their ethn ...
people. The most common native tree species in the region are Eucalyptus
blue gum Blue gum is a common name for subspecies or the species in ''Eucalyptus globulus'' complex, and also a number of other species of ''Eucalyptus'' in Australia. In Queensland, it usually refers to ''Eucalyptus tereticornis'', which is known elsewher ...
, E. peppermint gum, E.
red stringybark ''Eucalyptus macrorhyncha'', commonly known as the red stringybark, is a species of medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, stringy, grey to brown bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of between se ...
and
Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific ...
(commonly known as ''sheoak''). The
Spring Gully Conservation Park Spring Gully Conservation Park, formerly the Spring Gully National Park), is a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia in the localities of Sevenhills and Spring Gully about south of the town centre in Clare. The ...
is located about 15 km to the west of Mintaro.


History

The original inhabitants of the Clare Valley were the Indigenous
Ngadjuri The Ngadjuri people are a group of Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands lie in the mid north of South Australia with a territory extending from Gawler in the south to Orroroo in the Flinders Ranges in the north. Name Their ethn ...
people, who spent thousands of years in the area before European settlement. It is believed that they had major camping sites at
Clare Clare may refer to: Places Antarctica * Clare Range, a mountain range in Victoria Land Australia * Clare, South Australia, a town in the Clare Valley * Clare Valley, South Australia Canada * Clare (electoral district), an electoral district * Cl ...
and Auburn, including the region now known as Mintaro. The Mintaro district was explored by Europeans in mid-1839, first by John Hill, and then by
Edward John Eyre Edward John Eyre (5 August 181530 November 1901) was an English land explorer of the Australian continent, colonial administrator, Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand's New Munster province, and Governor of Jamaica. Early life Eyre was born in ...
. The area north of
Gawler Gawler, established in 1839, is the oldest country town in the state of South Australia. It was named after the second Governor (British Vice-Regal representative) of the colony of South Australia, George Gawler. It is about north of the st ...
was officially opened by a series of special surveys in the early 1840s. Land in the Barossa and
Clare Valley The Clare Valley is a valley located in South Australia about north of Adelaide in the Clare and Gilbert Valleys council area. It is the river valley formed by the Hutt River but is also strongly associated with the roughly parallel Hill Riv ...
s was quickly taken up. The first settler in Mintaro was pastoralist James Stein who from 1841 held occupation licences for extensive sheep runs stretching from Mount Horrocks through Farrell Flat to the Burra district.Australian Dictionary of Biography
''Tanner, Alfred John (Jack) (1887–1955)''
. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
Stein subsequently established his homestead on a tributary of the
Wakefield River The Wakefield River is an ephemeral river that flows to an estuary in the Australian state of South Australia. Course and features The river rises above , flowing southward, passing the towns of Watervale and Auburn, where it is fed by seve ...
, in a valley beneath Mount Horrocks, about three kilometres west of present Mintaro. With the discovery of
copper Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orang ...
at
Kapunda Kapunda is a town on the Light River near the Barossa Valley in South Australia. It was established after a discovery in 1842 of significant copper deposits. The population was 2,917 at the 2016 Australian census. The southern entrance to th ...
in 1844, and then Burra in 1845, the area became attractive to both
settler A settler or a colonist is a person who establishes or joins a permanent presence that is separate to existing communities. The entity that a settler establishes is a Human settlement, settlement. A settler is called a pioneer if they are among ...
s and
investors An investor is a person who allocates financial capital with the expectation of a future return (profit) or to gain an advantage (interest). Through this allocated capital the investor usually purchases some species of property. Types of in ...
. In 1848 the Patent Copper Company established the 'Gulf Road' between the Burra Mine and Port Wakefield, along which
bullock teams A bullock cart or ox cart (sometimes called a bullock carriage when carrying people in particular) is a two-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle pulled by oxen. It is a means of transportation used since ancient times in many parts of the world. Th ...
carried
copper ore Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orang ...
for shipment to Adelaide.History
. Mintaro South Australia. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
Between 1848 and 1851 several villages were established along the Gulf Road to take advantage of the trade generated by the bullock traffic. The towns were established about apart because that was the distance a bullock team could travel in a day. Among the first of these towns was Mintaro. Mintaro is situated on land which was bought originally by
Joseph Joseph is a common male name, derived from the Hebrew (). "Joseph" is used, along with " Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the modern-day Nordic count ...
and Henry Gilbert. They divided sections of the surrounding land into 80 allotments in 1849.''Mintaro''
. Mintaro Historical Society. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
The village of Mintaro was originally intended as a stopping and resting place for the bullock teams ( muleteers) carting the copper ore from the mine to the port, and returning with coal and supplies.Mintaro State Heritage Area (2008). History of Mintaro. Published by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The first allotments surveyed and sold in Mintaro faced the Gulf Road (now Burra Street). As a result, Mintaro's early layout reflects the copper route, with streets aligned at 45 degrees to the north-south grid of the surveyed sections and government roads. The Magpie and Stump Hotel, at the entrance to the village, was first
licensed A license (American English) or licence (Commonwealth English) is an official permission or permit to do, use, or own something (as well as the document of that permission or permit). A license is granted by a party (licensor) to another part ...
(as the Mintaro Hotel) in December 1850, though it may have been operating earlier. The period from 1850 to 1860 was a prosperous one. A large proportion of the town's buildings date from this time and are located on the original subdivision. Significant
slate Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade, regional metamorphism. It is the finest-grained foliated metamorphic ro ...
deposits were discovered in the early 1850s by a local farmer and the Mintaro Slate Quarry opened in 1854. By the early 1860s Mintaro slate was famous. By the early 1880s there were about 50 men employed at the
quarries A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground. The operation of quarries is regulated in some jurisdictions to manage their safet ...
. The town's development was set back when the railway from Adelaide to Gawler was opened in 1857, and the copper teams were re-routed through
Saddleworth Saddleworth is a civil parishes in England, civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. It comprises several villages and Hamlet (place), hamlets as well as suburbs of Oldham on the Saddleworth Moor, west ...
and Riverton. However, the slate quarries were being expanded at this time, and a
flour mill A gristmill (also: grist mill, corn mill, flour mill, feed mill or feedmill) grinds cereal grain into flour and middlings. The term can refer to either the grinding mechanism or the building that holds it. Grist is grain that has been separat ...
was built in 1858. Mintaro developed as a service centre for the surrounding farming districts, which provided supplies for the mining townships at
Kapunda Kapunda is a town on the Light River near the Barossa Valley in South Australia. It was established after a discovery in 1842 of significant copper deposits. The population was 2,917 at the 2016 Australian census. The southern entrance to th ...
and Burra. Over the next decade the population grew, and in 1866 the village expanded to an adjacent section.Mintaro State Heritage Area. History. Published by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. During the 1860s and 1870s public buildings appeared in the town, including a
school A school is the educational institution (and, in the case of in-person learning, the Educational architecture, building) designed to provide learning environments for the teaching of students, usually under the direction of teachers. Most co ...
, and a substantial number of
Irish Catholics Irish Catholics () are an ethnoreligious group native to Ireland, defined by their adherence to Catholic Christianity and their shared Irish ethnic, linguistic, and cultural heritage.The term distinguishes Catholics of Irish descent, particul ...
settled in and around Mintaro. In 1876 the population was recorded as 400. The Burra mine closed in 1877, but Mintaro continued to develop as a rural service centre during the 1870s and early 1880s, when pastoral and agricultural activities boomed in the state's mid north. Mintaro railway station (renamed Merildin in 1918) was built in 1870 when the northern railway line was extended from Roseworthy to Burra. It is situated about 7 kilometres east of the township. Mintaro was well placed to continue as an agricultural service centre despite the closure of the Burra mines. The surrounding farming districts of the fertile Gilbert Valley were able to reap the rewards of excellent wheat and wool prices during South Australia's rural boom of the 1870s and early 1880s. This wealth was reflected in two large pastoral properties near Mintaro. Both
Martindale Hall Martindale Hall is a Georgian style mansion near Mintaro, South Australia which appeared in the film '' Picnic at Hanging Rock''. Construction Martindale Hall was built for a wealthy bachelor pastoralist, Edmund Bowman Jr (1855–1921). T ...
, built in 1879-80, and Kadlunga homestead, purchased in 1881 by Sir Samuel Way, reflected a way of life similar to that of
English nobility The British nobility is made up of the peerage and the gentry of the British Isles. Though the UK is today a constitutional monarchy with strong democratic elements, historically the British Isles were more predisposed towards aristocratic gove ...
. Mintaro, like rural village counterparts in England, provided these properties with a ready source of local labour. Live
hare coursing Hare coursing is the pursuit of hares with greyhounds and other sighthounds, which chase the hare by sight, not by scent. In some countries, it is a legal, competitive activity in which dogs are tested on their ability to run, overtake and turn ...
was conducted from 1884 to 1986 (102 years) by the Mintaro Greyhound Coursing Club. Following passage of the ''Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 106 of 1985'', live hare coursing stopped, but drag lure coursing continued until 1997, when it permanently ceased. The early 20th century, until the 1929 Depression, was a relatively prosperous period for the rural lower and
mid north The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains and south of the Far North and the outback. It is generally accepted to extend from Spencer Gulf east to the Barrier Highway, including the coastal plain, the souther ...
regions. After 1930, there was a general decline in rural populations. The continuing function of the slate quarry helped Mintaro survive, but little development took place within the town for several decades. Because of its rich natural and
cultural heritage Cultural heritage is the heritage of tangible and intangible heritage assets of a group or society that is inherited from past generations. Not all heritages of past generations are "heritage"; rather, heritage is a product of selection by socie ...
, Mintaro was designated as a State Heritage Area on 20 September 1984. The designation of a State Heritage Area is intended to ensure that changes to and development within the Mintaro area are managed in a way that the area's cultural significance is maintained. During the latter part of the 20th century some adaptation of historic buildings occurred to serve a growing demand in tourism and, in recent times, there has been increased
residential development A residential area is a land used in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas. These include single-family housing, multi-family resident ...
. Passenger trains through Mintaro ended in December 1986. Bulk grain trains continued through the town until March 2004.


Nomenclature

There are a range of theories around the naming of the township of Mintaro. Once thought to be of Spanish origin, Mintaro is now thought to be Aboriginal. In his 1892 booklet, ''Our Pastoral Industry'', Sir F. W. Holder stated that the local
Ngadjuri The Ngadjuri people are a group of Aboriginal Australian people whose traditional lands lie in the mid north of South Australia with a territory extending from Gawler in the south to Orroroo in the Flinders Ranges in the north. Name Their ethn ...
word "Mintadloo" may have over time degenerated or morphed into Mintaro. This was given credence by pioneering
Mid North The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains and south of the Far North and the outback. It is generally accepted to extend from Spencer Gulf east to the Barrier Highway, including the coastal plain, the souther ...
pastoralist, Thomas Goode, who stated, "the blacks called the area 'mintadloo' but I don't know what it means." Later, South Australian historian,
Geoff Manning Geoffrey Haydon Manning (1926–2018) was an Australian author and historian. He is known particularly for his books on South Australian placenames; ''Manning's Place Names of South Australia'' (1990) is particularly well-known and available onli ...
, citing anthropologist
Norman Tindale Norman Barnett Tindale AO (12 October 1900 – 19 November 1993) was an Australian anthropologist, archaeologist, entomologist and ethnologist. He is best remembered for his work mapping the various tribal groupings of Aboriginal Australians ...
's work, attributed the town's name to the local word ''mintinadlu'' (also rendered ''Mintadloo'' or ''Minta - Ngadlu'') meaning 'netted water'. This is thought to be a reference to the local Indigenous practice of using nets to trap
emu The emu (; ''Dromaius novaehollandiae'') is a species of flightless bird endemism, endemic to Australia, where it is the Tallest extant birds, tallest native bird. It is the only extant taxon, extant member of the genus ''Dromaius'' and the ...
s,
kangaroo Kangaroos are marsupials from the family Macropodidae (macropods, meaning "large foot"). In common use, the term is used to describe the largest species from this family, the red kangaroo, as well as the antilopine kangaroo, eastern gre ...
s and other creatures in the area for food. In contrast to Holder, Goode and Manning, according to a 1908 newspaper article, the name ''Mintaro'' is of Spanish origin, meaning 'camping place' or 'resting place'. This was based on the fact that Spanish language, Spanish-speaking mule drivers (Arriero, then known as muleteers) from Uruguay, Chile and Argentina transported Copper, copper ore from the Burra, South Australia, Burra Mine to Port Wakefield in the mid-1850s. The muleteers used Mintaro as a resting place. The town's early history records show that as many as 100 Spanish-speaking mule drivers passed through and rested in the town each day.''Mintaro''
(8 February 2004). The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Between 1853 and 1857 mule teams driven by muleteers were a common sight in the area. However, with the exception of Mantaro River, ''Río Mantaro'' (a long river running through the central region of Peru), there does not appear to be any words similar to Mintaro in the Spanish language. Whatever the true derivation of its name, the district was called ''Mintara'' in some of the earliest Advertising, advertisements. Born in 1849, cricketer Frederick Muir listed his birthplace as ''Mintara, Australia''. The ''Township of Mintaro'' name first appeared in an advertisement on 6 November 1849. The town is pronounced "min-TAIR-oh" by the Clare Valley community.


Slate and flagstones

Mintaro slate is produced from what is believed to be the oldest continuing operating quarry in Australia.Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources
''Mintaro state heritage area''
. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
The slate was discovered in the early 1850s by a local farmer. In 1856 an English stonemason, Thompson Priest, leased the slate bearing area adjacent to the site of the original discovery and mining began in 1856. Cornish Methodist miners were brought from England for this purpose.Mintaro Slate Official Site
''Company History''
. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
The Open-pit mining, open-cut quarry is located about 1.5 km west of the township. By 1860 Mintaro was South Australia's leading producer of high quality slate. Mintaro slate was exhibited at the 1862 1862 International Exhibition, London International Exhibitions where it received the highest awards for large slab size and excellent flatness. In 1910, the slate was described as some of the finest stone to be got in any part of the world. Among its many uses and qualities, the perfectly flat slate surface makes it ideal for Billiard table, billiard and pool tables. Walter Lindrum, the Australian billiard player who was the world champion from 1932 to 1950, praised the quality of Mintaro slate claiming it was equal to anything he had played on. He later practiced at his Melbourne home on a table made from a single slab of slate from Mintaro. Australian tennis player, Lleyton Hewitt, installed single slab three-quarter-sized tables also made from Mintaro Slate in his Adelaide house and Melbourne apartment.''Mintaro Slate and Flagstone''
. Clare Valley.com.au Retrieved 11 January 2018.
The slate was used initially as a local building material as well as in the construction of Fermentation in winemaking, fermenting tanks at Clare Valley wine region, Clare Valley wineries, Leaching (chemistry), acid leaching tanks at the
Kapunda Kapunda is a town on the Light River near the Barossa Valley in South Australia. It was established after a discovery in 1842 of significant copper deposits. The population was 2,917 at the 2016 Australian census. The southern entrance to th ...
Copper extraction, copper mines, cricket pitches, Track pan, water troughs, Headstone, tombstones, fencing, Electric switchboard, switchboards and school blackboards.Lollino, Giorgio et al. (2014, p. 215 & 216)
''Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5''
. .
Most of the heritage listed homes and ruins in Mintaro are built predominantly from locally mined slate. When Thompson Priest died in 1888, his quarry was acquired by a Melbourne firm. During the Economic history of Australia#1890–1900, economic depression of the 1890s, the quarry languished for several years and wound down its production. In 1911 a local syndicate, the Mintaro Slate and Flagstone Company Limited, was formed and in 1912 an area of 60-80 acres adjacent to the quarry was purchased from Sir Samuel Way, together with the Melbourne agency which had been the distributor for Victoria. With effective new management increased slate production began.Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources
Mintaro State Heritage Area: Guidelines for new development
. This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under th
Attribution 3.0 Australia Australia
license.
In 1981 the quarrying operations were again sold and reformed as the Mintaro Slate Quarries Pty Ltd, wholly owned in South Australia. The slate and flagstone deposits are part of the Mintaro Shale Formation within the Adelaide Rift Complex, Belair Subgroup. They were deposited on the sea floor during low energy conditions in the Adelaide Rift Complex about 800 million years ago. They are grey, evenly bedded, finely laminated metasiltstones or slate with minor dolomitic siltstone. At Mintaro, the natural jointing and fracturing are widely spaced and facilitates the mining of large slabs. Many prominent buildings in Adelaide feature Mintaro slate, including Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament House, St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Adelaide, St Francis Xavier Cathedral, South Australian Museum, Supreme Court of South Australia, Supreme Court, Adelaide Town Hall, St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide, St Peters Cathedral and State Library of South Australia, Mortlock Library. Mintaro slate has been used in every Australian city and also in many regional areas. In recent time use of the slate has established a niche market that includes paving, kitchen and table tops, fireplaces, flooring, verandah edging and heritage surfaces. The slate remains well known internationally for its use in billiard tables.


Martindale Hall

The South Australian Heritage Register, heritage listed Martindale Hall is a Neoclassical architecture, Neoclassical and Georgian architecture, Georgian styled mansion, modelled on the Dalemain estate in England's Lake District.Puddy, Rebecca (20 June 2016)
''Miranda returns to joint fight for Picnic at Hanging Rock hall''
The Australian. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
The Hall is situated within 19 hectares (47 acres) of pastoral property and located about 2.5 km south of Mintaro. It was built for Bowman brothers#History, Edmund Bowman after he inherited the Martindale Estate from his father. Completed in 1880, the mansion was built of Freestone (masonry), freestone from the neighbouring Manoora, South Australia, Manoora quarries. Almost all the skilled tradesmen who worked on Martindale came from England who returned when the construction was completed. The house and surrounding property was named after Martindale, Cumbria, Martindale in Cumbria, which was close to the family's home town. The 32-room mansion cost £30,000 (about A$5.62 million today) to build.Martindale Hall Historic Museum
''Martindale Hall''
. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Bowman, who was a well-known pastoralist in South Australia, used the property for sheep farming. In 1890, after several years of Drought in Australia, droughts and low wool prices, debt, growing debt forced Bowman to put the Martindale homestead up for sale. It was bought by William Tennant Mortlock in 1892. Mortlock continued with sheep farming, developed the gardens and orchards and pursued his horse racing interests.Australian Dictionary of Biography
''Mortlock, William Ranson (1821–1884)''
. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
He was a supporter of racing, and bred Yudnappinna, which won the A.R.C. Grand National in 1911.Obituaries Australia
''Mortlock, William Tennant (1858–1913)''
. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Mortlock sat in the Parliament of South Australia, State Parliament for several years representing the electoral district of Flinders. Mortlock and his wife, Rosina Tennant, had six children although only two survived to adulthood. When William Mortlock died in 1913 the family estate was inherited by his son, John Andrew Tennant Mortlock, who returned to South Australia to take control of the estate, which included Martindale Hall. He resided at the Hall and became a successful pastoralist and Merino, stud Merino breeder. A keen traveller, Mortlock decorated and furnished the Hall with mementos from Africa and Asia. Most are still on display today and include a genuine 16th Century ceremonial Samurai suit. An active member of St Peter's Anglican Church of Australia, Anglican Church in Mintaro, Mortlock was also a keen yachtsman, an amateur film-maker and an orchid exhibitor. Shortly after he was diagnosed with cancer, Mortlock married Dorothy Beech in December 1948. Dying childless in March 1950, his wife became the heir to the Mortlock fortune. Preferring to live in Adelaide, Dorothy left after her husband's death and the mansion remained Abandonment (legal), uninhabited and derelict for almost 30 years. Upon her death in 1979, she bequeathed Martindale Hall and the surrounding estate to the University of Adelaide. On 24 July 1980, it was listed as a state heritage place on the South Australian Heritage Register. In 1986, Martindale Hall and the surrounding estate was handed to the Government of South Australia, South Australian Government by the University. On 5 December 1991, the land on which the building is located was proclaimed as the Martindale Hall Conservation Park under the ''National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972'' for "the purpose of conserving the historic features of the land." From 1991 to late 2014, the property was managed under lease as a Tourism in Australia, tourism enterprise, offering heritage bed and breakfast accommodation, weddings, other functions and access to the grounds and Hall to day visitors. From 2015 the property was managed by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (South Australia), Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, which in August 2015 received an unsolicited bid for the purchase or long-term lease of Martindale Hall, wanting to turn it into a five-star luxury resort. However, the National Trust of Australia, National Trust bid to stop private developers taking control of the Hall because they wanted the estate to remain in public hands and be accessible to everyone. The iconic and award-winning Australian film, Picnic at Hanging Rock (film), ''Picnic at Hanging Rock'', was partially filmed at Martindale Hall in 1975. The Hall remains open to the public and attracts about 100,000 visitors annually.


Kadlunga

The South Australian Heritage Register, heritage listed, mixed-farming property of Kadlunga is located about west of Mintaro. Kadlunga has been described as one of the most historic properties in the
Mid North The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains and south of the Far North and the outback. It is generally accepted to extend from Spencer Gulf east to the Barrier Highway, including the coastal plain, the souther ...
area. The property has three rivers which pass through it—Broughton River (South Australia), Broughton, Wakefield River, Wakefield and Hutt River (South Australia), Hutt—and has an annual average rainfall of . It has 36 dams, 15 bores and wells, and two water licenses. The first European settler at Kadlunga was pastoralist James Stein who, from 1841, held occupation licences for extensive sheep runs stretching from Mount Horrocks through Farrell Flat to the Burra district. Stein established his Homestead (buildings), homestead on a tributary to the Wakefield River, in a valley beneath Mount Horrocks, and named it Kadlunga, an Aboriginal word for 'sweet hills', after the abundant Banksia marginata, honeysuckle located there at the time. However, the property was also known as Katalunga in its early period. Stein built a two-storey homestead, completed in 1857, constructed of random coursed bluestone. Sir Samuel Way, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of South Australia purchased the property in 1881. In following decades, Kadlunga Station became a famed sheep and horse stud. The first registered Percheron, Percheron horses to arrive in Australia, in 1915, were sent to Kadlunga. The property was successively owned by some prominent South Australians including John Chewings, Sir Samuel Way and Alexander Melrose. The Gosse family (descendants of Melrose) owned the property for over 100 years before selling the Estate (land), estate in 2017. The original 1857 house was virtually rebuilt during the 1919-20 Renovation, alterations for Alexander Melrose. The existing bluestone was Cement render, rendered during the extensions to match the colour of the new walls of locally quarried, roughly squared random-coursed sandstone, with brick quoins and surrounds to openings. The house now consists of fifteen rooms and all interior fittings date from the 1919-20 alterations. The verandah enclosed the two-storeyed section and the laundry and kitchen in the single-storey wing to the north, while the balcony almost encircles the first floor of the main body of the house.Department of the Environment and Energy. Australian Heritage Database
''Search result for Kadlunga''
Retrieved 15 January 2018.
Extensive farm Dry stone, dry stone walls were built by Italian Prisoner of war, prisoners of war during World War II. Due to intrinsic architectural significance and associated history with prominent South Australian Sir Samuel Way and other early pioneers, the historic stone buildings of the Kadlunga Estate were listed on the Register of the Australian Heritage Database, National Estate on 21 March 1978.


Merildin

Merildin is a historic locality easterly adjacent to Mintaro and now part of the bounded locality of Mintaro. Mintaro Railway station on the Roseworthy-Peterborough railway line, northern line to Burra was built about east of Mintaro in 1870. In 1918 it was renamed to Merildin station. Merildin is considered to be the main Drainage basin, catchment area of the upper
Wakefield River The Wakefield River is an ephemeral river that flows to an estuary in the Australian state of South Australia. Course and features The river rises above , flowing southward, passing the towns of Watervale and Auburn, where it is fed by seve ...
. The name Merildin is derived from an Indigenous word meaning "stopping place".


Present day

The Mintaro state heritage area is a rare South Australian example of a well-preserved, mid 19th century village. Thirty-three specific sites within the Mintaro state heritage area are state heritage-listed. It also provides tourist accommodation for visitors to the Clare Valley. Mintaro's main commercial centre and the majority of its significant 19th century buildings are located along Burra Street. The town is relatively isolated with little surrounding development. The historic centre of Mintaro contains a predominance of early Victorian architecture, Victorian buildings and other sites that contribute to its character and designation as a state heritage area. At one time, the town contained all the basic facilities needed to cater for its own population and for the surrounding area but today many of these buildings have been converted to guest accommodation. It has a number of bed and breakfast establishments and a hotel. There are two winery Glossary of wine terms#cellar door, cellar doors in the town, galleries, eateries, a gift shop and a hedge maze.''Mintaro Maze''
. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
Surrounded by vineyards and farms, Mintaro is still an agricultural community. A Megawatt#Megawatt, 100 megawatt Photovoltaic power station, solar farm, to be known as the Chaff Mill Solar Farm, was proposed in 2017 to be located on farmland about 3.5 km to the north-east of the town.


Agriculture

Primarily an Agriculture in Australia, agricultural community, Mintaro is surrounded by mixed-use farmland and viticulture, vineyards. Both are a vital part of the region and South Australia's economy. The main type of farming is Pastoral farming#Australia, pastoralism. Seasonally, Wheatbelt (Australia), wheat and canola fields are a common sight in the Mintaro region. The Clare Valley wine region, Clare Valley is one of Australia's oldest wine-producing areas, with a wine-making history dating back over 150 years.''Clare Valley Vineyards''
Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Celebrated for its Reisling#Australia and New Zealand, Riesling, the region also produces many other wine styles, including Cabernet Sauvignon#Australia, Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz wine, Shiraz. Today, there are more than 5,000 hectares under vine, and over 40 cellar door outlets.


Demographics

The 2016 Australian census listed Mintaro's population at 188 (93 males and 95 females). There were no Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders, Torres Strait Islander people. The median age was 54 years and children (0 – 14 years) made up 14% of the population. 81.4% of people were born in Australia. The most common ancestries in Mintaro were English 38.7%, Australian 27.7%, German 10.6%, Irish 7.7% and Scottish 7.3%.


Governance

Mintaro is governed at the council level by the District Council of Clare and Gilbert Valleys. At state level, Mintaro lies within the electoral district of Frome and federally, the electoral division of Grey. Any development in the town is subject to state heritage approval. The peak local body is the Mintaro Progress Association. The association works in partnership with the Clare and Gilbert Valleys Council to ensure local concerns and issues are brought before the council.


Sport

The MINMAN Sporting Club represents the affiliation of the Mintaro and Manoora, South Australia, Manoora Australian rules football and netball teams.''MINMAN Eagles''
. Mintaro South Australia. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
Known as the Wedge-tailed eagle, Eagles, the football club competes in the North Eastern Football League. The netball club competes in the North Eastern Netball Association. The club, football oval and netball courts are located in Mintaro at Mortlock Park on the corner of Leasingham and Jacka Roads. The Bowls, Mintaro Bowling Club was established in 1959. There are men's, women's and social (the Night Owls) competitions. The club and home games are played at Burra Street, adjacent to Torr Park on a natural grass surface. Also on Burra Street is the Tennis in Australia, Mintaro Tennis Club with three synthetic grass courts. The Cricket in Australia, Auburn-Mintaro Cricket Club represents the combined districts of Auburn and Mintaro. Known as the Myrmecia (ant), Bullants, the club competes in the Stanley Cricket Association. Home games are played at the Auburn recreational grounds on Saddleworth Road.


Tourism

Although Mintaro is primarily an agricultural community, in recent times Enotourism, tourism associated with the Clare Valley wine region, wine industry has played an increasingly important role. A number of heritage bed and breakfast establishments are located in the precinct to cater for accommodation demand. The best way to explore and see Mintaro is by foot. Self-guided walking tours around town to view the historic heritage-listed buildings and ruins can take up to two hours. The Mintaro Garden Rooms are located on Kingston Road. The award-winning garden (formerly known as Timandra Garden) is open to the public and popular for weddings, picnics and functions. The
Clare Valley The Clare Valley is a valley located in South Australia about north of Adelaide in the Clare and Gilbert Valleys council area. It is the river valley formed by the Hutt River but is also strongly associated with the roughly parallel Hill Riv ...
gourmet weekend commenced in 1984 and is held in May every year to celebrate the end of vintage. The festival gives visitors an insight into the process of making wine as well as an opportunity to sample local cooking at over 30 wineries. Live music is played at some venues. The traditional living hedge maze is located on the corner of Jacka Road and Wakefield Street. Constructed in 1995, the maze is made from a network of over 800 Pinophyta, conifer plants and is open most days except Tuesdays and public holidays. The Mintaro Maze Easter Bunny, Bunny Hunt is held at Easter and the Haggis, Haggis Hunt during the Clare Valley gourmet weekend. Located a short drive outside Mintaro off Jolly Way on Polish Hill Road, the Polish Hill River, South Australia, Polish Hill River Church Museum was established in 1996. The museum was established by the South Australian Polish community to document and commemorate the contribution of Polish migrants to the development of South Australia. The museum is open from 11 am to 4 pm on first Sunday of each month (except January). Although not officially part of the Riesling Trail, Mintaro is a popular Cycling in Australia, bicycling destination recommended by Bicycling Australia. All three courses of the Gran Fondo style Clare Classic road cycling event run through Mintaro.Clare Classic
''Course Overview''
Retrieved 3 March 2018.


Notable residents


Gallery

File:Magpie & Stump Hotel, Mintaro cropped.jpg, Magpie & Stump Hotel, Mintaro File:Mintaro - Institute hall.JPG, Mintaro Institute hall File:Mintaro Catholic Church.JPG, Mintaro Catholic Church File:Mintaro church 1.JPG, Mintaro Anglican church, now a Healing Space File:Mintaro - Antique shop.JPG, An 1800s cottage in Burra Street File:Mintaro Cottage.png, A renovated Mintaro heritage cottage


See also

* List of wineries in the Clare Valley * List of historic houses in South Australia * List of mines in Australia * List of power stations in South Australia * List of museums in South Australia
A landmark of faith : Church of the Immaculate Conception Mintaro and its parishioners, 1856-2006 / Gerald Lally


References


External links


Mintaro History and Touring InformationClare Valley TourismClare & Gilbert Valleys Council
{{authority control Tourist attractions in South Australia South Australian Heritage Register Mining towns in South Australia Mid North (South Australia) Populated places established in 1849