Milledgeville, Georgia
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Milledgeville () is a city in and the
county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or parish (administrative division), civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equiva ...
of Baldwin County,
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
. Founded in 1803 along the
Oconee River The Oconee River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map Accessed April 21, 2011 river in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its origin is in Hall County and it terminates where it join ...
, it served as the state capital of Georgia from 1804 to 1868, including during the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
. The city's layout—modeled after the
grid plan In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogon ...
s of
Savannah, Georgia Savannah ( ) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and the county seat of Chatham County, Georgia, Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the city of Savannah became the Kingdom of Great Brita ...
, and
Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
—reflects Milledgeville's intended role as a planned seat of government. During its years as the capital, Milledgeville quickly became a hub of political activity and cotton-based commerce before facing significant economic changes after the capital was relocated to
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
in 1868. Today, Milledgeville lies along the
Fall Line Freeway The Fall Line Freeway (FLF), also signed as State Route 540 (SR 540), is a highway designed to span the width of the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia from Columbus, Georgia, Columbus at the Alabama state line to Augusta, ...
, a major east-west corridor that connects Milledgeville with historically significant cities like Augusta, Macon, and Columbus. Its historic core, including the Old State Capitol, is preserved within the Milledgeville Historic District in downtown Milledgeville. Milledgeville is home to a public school district, private K-12 schools, and three colleges: Georgia College & State University,
Georgia Military College Georgia Military College (GMC) is a Public college, public military junior college in Milledgeville, Georgia. It is divided into the junior college, a military junior college program, high school, middle school, and elementary school. It was ori ...
, and
Central Georgia Technical College Central Georgia Technical College (CGTC) is a unit of the Technical College System of Georgia (TCSG) and provides education for an eleven-county service area in central Georgia. The school's service area includes Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Dooly, ...
. These institutions contribute to both the cultural and economic vitality of the city. Other key sectors include
healthcare Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement or maintenance of health via the preventive healthcare, prevention, diagnosis, therapy, treatment, wikt:amelioration, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other disability, physic ...
,
retail trade Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is the sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholesale ...
, and
public administration Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day",Kettl, Donald and James Fessler. 2009. ''The Politics of the ...
.
Tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the Commerce, commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. World Tourism Organization, UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as ...
also supports the local economy, with visitors drawn to features like the city's historic architecture,
Lake Sinclair Lake Sinclair is a reservoir, man-made lake in central Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia near Eatonton, Georgia, Eatonton. It is operated by Georgia Power. The lake was named after Benjamin W. Sinclair, a Georgia Power official. Location Located ...
, and
Andalusia Andalusia ( , ; , ) is the southernmost autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomou ...
, the former home of author
Flannery O'Connor Mary Flannery O'Connor (March 25, 1925August 3, 1964) was an American novelist, short story writer, and essayist. She wrote two novels and 31 short stories, as well as a number of reviews and commentaries. O'Connor was a Southern writer who of ...
. Milledgeville is the principal city of the Milledgeville micropolitan area, which had a population of 43,799 as of the 2020 United States census. The city itself had a population of 17,070. In recent years, local leaders have prioritized economic diversification and downtown revitalization as part of broader efforts to support growth and attract investment.


History

Milledgeville served as Georgia’s state capital from 1804 to 1868 and played a central role in shaping the state’s early development. Established during a period of territorial expansion following
treaties A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between sovereign states and/or international organizations that is governed by international law. A treaty may also be known as an international agreement, protocol, covenant, convention ...
with the
Muscogee (Creek) Nation The Muscogee Nation, or Muscogee (Creek) Nation, is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The nation descends from the historic Muscogee Confederacy, a large group of indigenous peoples of the South ...
, the city became the state's center of political activity and remained so through the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
, after which the capital was relocated to
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
. In the decades that followed, Milledgeville responded to the challenges of losing its capital status by expanding public institutions and
higher education Tertiary education (higher education, or post-secondary education) is the educational level following the completion of secondary education. The World Bank defines tertiary education as including universities, colleges, and vocational schools ...
and, more recently, by investing in economic diversification and downtown revitalization. Milledgeville, named for Georgia governor
John Milledge John Milledge (1757February 9, 1818) was an American politician. He fought in the American Revolution and later served as United States Representative, 26th Governor of Georgia, and United States Senator. Milledge was a founder of Athens, Georgi ...
(1802–1806), was established in 1804 as Georgia’s new centrally located
capital Capital and its variations may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** Capital region, a metropolitan region containing the capital ** List of national capitals * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Econom ...
. Its founding followed the 1802 Treaty of Fort Wilkinson, through which the
Muscogee (Creek) Nation The Muscogee Nation, or Muscogee (Creek) Nation, is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The nation descends from the historic Muscogee Confederacy, a large group of indigenous peoples of the South ...
ceded land west of the
Oconee River The Oconee River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map Accessed April 21, 2011 river in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its origin is in Hall County and it terminates where it join ...
to the state. Prior to this, the area had been the subject of prolonged conflict between settlers and the Creek Nation, including violent clashes known as the Oconee War. Planned as a grid-based city similar to
Savannah, Georgia Savannah ( ) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and the county seat of Chatham County, Georgia, Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the city of Savannah became the Kingdom of Great Brita ...
, and
Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
, Milledgeville quickly rose in prominence, serving as Georgia's capital for over six decades until 1868. As Georgia’s capital, Milledgeville grew into a hub of political activity and cotton-based commerce in the decades leading up to the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
. The city's economic expansion was built in part on the labor of
enslaved people Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavemen ...
, who worked on plantations and within the town as
domestic worker A domestic worker is a person who works within a residence and performs a variety of household services for an individual, from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or care for children and elderly ...
s, skilled tradespeople, and general laborers. By 1828, nearly half of Milledgeville's 1,599 residents were enslaved; only 27 identified as free Black residents. Milledgeville continued to expand with the addition of major state institutions, including a penitentiary and the Georgia State Lunatic, Idiot, and Epileptic Asylum (now Central State Hospital). Taverns, hotels, shops, banks, and newspapers also emerged during this period, and in 1838,
Oglethorpe University Oglethorpe University is a Private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Brookhaven, Georgia, United States. It was chartered in 1835 and named in honor of General James Edward Oglethorpe, founder ...
was founded as one of Georgia's earliest chartered colleges. As Milledgeville developed, its appearance began to shift from a frontier town to a more established capital with larger, more refined buildings. Among these were a new statehouse (now known as the Old State Capitol) and an Executive Mansion (now referred to as the Old Governor's Mansion). By the late 1850s, tensions over slavery and states' rights culminated in political crisis. Following the election of
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War ...
in 1860, a secession convention was held on January 16, 1861, with approximately 300 voting delegates in attendance. On January 19, the convention adopted the Ordinance of Secession by a vote of 208 to 80, making Georgia the fifth state to secede from the Union. Shortly afterward, Georgia joined
South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...
,
Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...
,
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
,
Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...
, and
Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...
to form the
Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or Dixieland, was an List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies, unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United State ...
. During the American Civil War, Milledgeville contributed troops and supplies to the Confederate cause, but the community endured several hardships including
inflation In economics, inflation is an increase in the average price of goods and services in terms of money. This increase is measured using a price index, typically a consumer price index (CPI). When the general price level rises, each unit of curre ...
, shortages, and one of several regional food riots. In November 1864, during the American Civil War campaign known as the March to the Sea, Union General
William T. Sherman William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is ...
and 30,000 troops entered Milledgeville. The campaign, which began in
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
and ended in
Savannah A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach th ...
, aimed to weaken the Confederacy by destroying infrastructure, supply lines, and civilian morale. Although Milledgeville avoided widespread destruction, several military sites were damaged, grain and livestock were seized, and homes were looted. After the war's conclusion in 1865, Milledgeville faced major economic disruption. Confederate currency became worthless, infrastructure was damaged, and many citizens
barter In trade, barter (derived from ''bareter'') is a system of exchange (economics), exchange in which participants in a financial transaction, transaction directly exchange good (economics), goods or service (economics), services for other goods ...
ed for basic goods amid widespread poverty. In 1868, the
Georgia General Assembly The Georgia General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each of the General Assembly's 236 members serve two-year terms and are directl ...
moved the state capital to
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
, which was emerging as a transportation and commercial hub. The relocation marked a significant shift in political and economic power, leading to a decline in population that slowed Milledgeville's recovery. Recovery efforts during the Reconstruction era focused on restoring the asylum and penitentiary, while many farmers transitioned to the
crop-lien system The crop-lien system was a credit system that became widely used by cotton farmers in the United States in the South from the 1860s to the 1940s. History Sharecroppers and tenant farmers, who did not own the land they worked, obtained supplie ...
—a practice that often trapped them in cycles of debt. In the following decades, the founding of Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural College (now
Georgia Military College Georgia Military College (GMC) is a Public college, public military junior college in Milledgeville, Georgia. It is divided into the junior college, a military junior college program, high school, middle school, and elementary school. It was ori ...
) on the former state capitol site in 1879, and Georgia Normal and Industrial College (now Georgia College & State University) on the former penitentiary grounds in 1889, contributed to the city's revitalization. The continued operation of the asylum—renamed Georgia State Sanitarium in 1897—alongside these institutions helped sustain Milledgeville’s recovery into the twentieth century. The early 20th century brought additional challenges and change. Milledgeville's agricultural economy was disrupted by the boll weevil infestation, which devastated cotton crops across Georgia, pushing many farmers to diversify their crops or seek employment outside agriculture. Central State Hospital, as the former asylum came to be known, grew into one of the largest mental health institutions in the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
, housing over 12,000 patients by the 1960s. While its scale and mission were once seen as progressive, the hospital also became the subject of criticism over time, particularly related to overcrowding, inadequate treatment, and patient mistreatment—issues that reflected broader shortcomings in institutional mental health care across the U.S. The national movement toward
deinstitutionalization Deinstitutionalisation (or deinstitutionalization) is the process of replacing long-stay psychiatric hospitals with less isolated community mental health services for those diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability. In the 195 ...
and the rise of community-based mental health services later led to a steady decline in the hospital's operations and workforce. Economic diversification efforts gained momentum mid-century. The creation of
Lake Sinclair Lake Sinclair is a reservoir, man-made lake in central Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia near Eatonton, Georgia, Eatonton. It is operated by Georgia Power. The lake was named after Benjamin W. Sinclair, a Georgia Power official. Location Located ...
in 1953 by the Georgia Power Company spurred recreational tourism, and subsequent
historic preservation Historic preservation (US), built heritage preservation or built heritage conservation (UK) is an endeavor that seeks to preserve, conserve and protect buildings, objects, landscapes or other artifacts of historical significance. It is a philos ...
projects in the 1980s and 1990s revitalized downtown Milledgeville. Recognition of the city's
antebellum Antebellum, Latin for "before war", may refer to: United States history * Antebellum South, the pre-American Civil War period in the Southern US ** Antebellum Georgia ** Antebellum South Carolina ** Antebellum Virginia * Antebellum architectu ...
heritage, combined with community development initiatives like the Main Street Program, boosted
heritage tourism Heritage tourism is a branch of tourism centered around the exploration and appreciation of a region's cultural, historical and environmental heritage. This form of tourism includes both tangible elements, such as historically significant sites, ...
and strengthened Milledgeville's cultural identity. In the 21st century, local leaders have continued to diversify and strengthen Milledgeville's economy in response to the downsizing of Central State Hospital. Combined with state budget cuts and the closure of several correctional facilities, these changes significantly impacted the availability of local jobs and economic stability. As a result, the Milledgeville community has focused on attracting private investment, supporting small businesses, and expanding job opportunities in other sectors.


Geography

Milledgeville is situated along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, a geological boundary that marks the transition between the
Piedmont Piedmont ( ; ; ) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the northwest Italy, Northwest of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the ...
and
Coastal Plain A coastal plain (also coastal plains, coastal lowland, coastal lowlands) is an area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast. A fall line commonly marks the border between a coastal plain and an upland area. Formation Coastal plains can f ...
regions of the United States. This location results in gently rolling terrain and a mix of soil types, including red clay common in the Piedmont region. The city lies along the
Fall Line Freeway The Fall Line Freeway (FLF), also signed as State Route 540 (SR 540), is a highway designed to span the width of the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia from Columbus, Georgia, Columbus at the Alabama state line to Augusta, ...
, a major east–west transportation corridor that follows the fall line and connects Milledgeville to other historically significant cities in Georgia, including Columbus, Macon, and Augusta. Milledgeville has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.79%, is water. The
Oconee River The Oconee River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map Accessed April 21, 2011 river in the U.S. state of Georgia. Its origin is in Hall County and it terminates where it join ...
flows just east of the downtown area and continues southward to merge with the
Altamaha River The Altamaha River is a major river in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It flows generally eastward for from its Source (river or stream), origin at the confluence of the Oconee River and Ocmulgee River towards the Atlantic Oce ...
, eventually reaching the
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the ...
. Just north of the city lies Lake Sinclair, a 15,300-acre reservoir created by damming the Oconee River in 1953.


Climate

Milledgeville has a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Cfa'') with hot, humid summers and mild winters. Average high temperatures peak in July, while January tends to be the coldest month. Rainfall is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with summer thunderstorms being common. Snowfall is rare but does occasionally occur during the winter months.


Demographics

As of the 2020 United States census, Milledgeville had a population of 17,070, reflecting a slight decline from the 2010 population of 17,715. The city's median age was 27.1, lower than the state median of 37.4 years. In terms of racial composition, 47.9% of residents identified as White (non-Hispanic), 45.3% as Black or African American (non-Hispanic), 1.6% as Asian (non-Hispanic), 0.2% as American Indian or Alaska Native (non-Hispanic), 0.1% as Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic), 2.2% as some other race (non-Hispanic), and 2.7% as two or more races. Additionally, 3.3% of residents identified as Hispanic or Latino of any race. The median household income in Milledgeville was approximately $39,669, which is below both the state and national averages, and the poverty rate stood at approximately 41.3%, significantly higher than the national average of 13.5%.


Economy

In recent decades, Milledgeville's economy has undergone significant changes as the community worked to offset the decline of employment at state-run facilities. The downsizing of Central State Hospital, combined with state budget cuts and the closure of multiple correctional institutions, led to substantial job losses and economic challenges in the area. The impact was further intensified in the late 2000s, when the city’s manufacturing sector contracted. In 2008, Rheem Manufacturing closed its Milledgeville operations, relocating production to Mexico and eliminating approximately 1,500 jobs. Shortly afterward, Shaw Industries shut down its carpet yarn plant, resulting in an additional 150 job losses. In response to these shifts, local leaders have prioritized diversifying Milledgeville’s economy by attracting private investment, supporting small businesses, and expanding opportunities across a broader range of industries. Efforts to recruit new industries and improve local infrastructure have included grant-supported improvements to the Smith-Sibley Industrial Park and initiatives focused on downtown revitalization. As of 2025, the leading sectors of Milledgeville’s economy by employment numbers include healthcare and social services, education, retail, and public administration. Healthcare and social services account for the largest share of employment, with over 3,600 jobs across more than 200 establishments. Education services, including Milledgeville’s colleges and schools, contribute approximately 2,100 jobs. Retail trade and public administration also remain major employment sectors, with around 2,100 and 1,600 jobs respectively. Milledgeville’s higher education institutions and local tourism, in particular, contribute significantly to employment and commercial activity. The presence of Georgia College & State University and
Georgia Military College Georgia Military College (GMC) is a Public college, public military junior college in Milledgeville, Georgia. It is divided into the junior college, a military junior college program, high school, middle school, and elementary school. It was ori ...
provides not only job opportunities but also drives local business activity through student spending, cultural events, and campus-related initiatives. Tourism adds to the economic base as well, with visitors drawn to attractions such as the Milledgeville Historic District,
Antebellum architecture Antebellum architecture (from Antebellum South, Latin for "pre-war") is the Neoclassical architecture, neoclassical architectural style characteristic of the 19th-century Southern United States, especially the Deep South, from after the birth of ...
, Flannery O'Connor's Andalusia Farm, and outdoor recreation at
Lake Sinclair Lake Sinclair is a reservoir, man-made lake in central Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia near Eatonton, Georgia, Eatonton. It is operated by Georgia Power. The lake was named after Benjamin W. Sinclair, a Georgia Power official. Location Located ...
. In 2016, tourism generated $88.7 million in direct spending in Baldwin County, supported 796 jobs, and contributed over $6 million in state and local tax revenue.


Government

The Milledgeville City Council is the city's legislative body, responsible for passing ordinances and resolutions and overseeing the city's budget. The council consists of six members, each elected to represent one of the city's districts, while the mayor is elected at-large for a four-year term. Together, the mayor and council oversee public spaces, city infrastructure, nuisance regulation, public safety, and the management of street and sidewalk improvements, among other responsibilities. Mary Parham-Copelan, elected in 2017, serves as mayor.


Education


Public schools

Milledgeville's public schools are operated by the Baldwin County School District, which includes multiple elementary, middle, and high schools, as well as early learning and early college programs. As of the 2023–2024 school year, the district serves approximately 4,588 students with 348.90
full-time equivalent Full-time equivalent (FTE), or whole time equivalent (WTE), is a unit of measurement that indicates the workload of an employed person (or student) in a way that makes workloads or class loads comparable across various contexts. FTE is often use ...
(FTE) classroom teachers, resulting in a student–teacher ratio of about 13.15:1. The district includes four elementary schools (Lakeview Academy, Lakeview Primary, Midway Hills Academy, and Midway Hills Primary), one middle school (Oak Hill Middle School), one high school ( Baldwin High School), the Early Learning Center (for Pre-K students), and Georgia College Early College (serving students in grades 6 through 12).


Private schools

Private K–12 education is available through Georgia Military College Preparatory School and John Milledge Academy, both serving grades K-12. These schools offer alternatives to public education, with programs that emphasize college preparation, character development, and extracurricular involvement.


Higher education

Milledgeville is home to three institutions of higher education. Georgia College & State University is the state’s designated public liberal arts university, offering undergraduate and graduate programs across a wide range of disciplines.
Georgia Military College Georgia Military College (GMC) is a Public college, public military junior college in Milledgeville, Georgia. It is divided into the junior college, a military junior college program, high school, middle school, and elementary school. It was ori ...
serves as a public military junior college, with both associate and bachelor's degree programs. In addition,
Central Georgia Technical College Central Georgia Technical College (CGTC) is a unit of the Technical College System of Georgia (TCSG) and provides education for an eleven-county service area in central Georgia. The school's service area includes Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Dooly, ...
operates a local campus that provides career-focused technical training and adult education programs.


Infrastructure

Highways include: * U.S. Route 441 * Georgia State Route 22 *
Georgia State Route 24 State Route 24 (SR 24) is a state highway that travels south-to-north in an S-shaped curve through portions of Bulloch, Screven, Burke, Jefferson, Washington, Baldwin, Putnam, Morgan, and Oconee counties in the east-central ...
*
Georgia State Route 49 State Route 49 (SR 49) is a State highway (US), state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast through portions of Terrell County, Georgia, Terrell, Sumter County, Georgia, Sumter, Macon County, Georgia, Macon, Peach County, Georg ...
Baldwin County operates a demand-response public transportation service. Baldwin County Regional Airport is a general aviation airport located approximately north of downtown Milledgeville.


Notable people

* Melvin Adams Jr, better known as
Fish Scales A fish scale is a small rigid plate that grows out of the skin of a fish. The skin of most jawed fishes is covered with these protective scale (zoology), scales, which can also provide effective Underwater camouflage, camouflage through the us ...
from the band Nappy Roots * Andrew J. Allen, concert saxophonist * Nathan Crawford Barnett, Georgia Secretary of State for more than 30 years * Ella Barksdale Brown, journalist, educator * Kevin Brown, professional baseball player * Javon Bullard, college football player for the
University of Georgia The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia, United States. Chartered in 1785, it is the oldest public university in th ...
* Tasha Butts, basketball player and coach * Wally Butts, college football coach * Earnest Byner, professional football player * Lisa D. Cook, American economist *
Pete Dexter Pete Dexter (born July 22, 1943) is an American novelist. He won the U.S. National Book Award in 1988 for his novel '' Paris Trout''. Early life and education Dexter was born in Pontiac, Michigan. His father died when Dexter was four and he ...
, novelist, journalist and screenwriter * George Doles, Confederate Brigadier General * Henry Derek Elis, vocalist for heavy metal supergroup Act of Defiance * Tillie K. Fowler, politician * Joel Godard, television announcer *
Marjorie Taylor Greene Marjorie Taylor Greene ( Taylor; born May 27, 1974), sometimes referred to by her initials MTG, is an American far-rightSources describing Greene as "far-right" include: * * * * * * * * * * * politician, businesswoman, and cons ...
, United States Representative * Willie Greene, professional baseball player * Floyd Griffin, mayor of Milledgeville, state representative, state senator *
Oliver Hardy Oliver Norvell Hardy (born Norvell Hardy; January 18, 1892 – August 7, 1957) was an American comic actor and one half of Laurel and Hardy, the double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted from 1926 to 1957. He appeared with his ...
, motion picture comedian * Nick Harper, professional football player * Charles Holmes Herty, academic, scientist, businessman and first football coach at the University of Georgia * Leroy Hill, professional football player * Maurice Hurt, professional football player * Edwin Francis Jemison, Civil War soldier who died in battle * Sherrilyn Kenyon, author * Grace Lumpkin, writer *
William Gibbs McAdoo William Gibbs McAdoo Jr.McAdoo is variously differentiated from family members of the same name: * Dr. William Gibbs McAdoo (1820–1894) – sometimes called "I" or "Senior" * William Gibbs McAdoo (1863–1941) – sometimes called "II" or "J ...
, US Secretary of the Treasury *
David Brydie Mitchell David Brydie Mitchell (October 22, 1766 – April 22, 1837) was a Scottish born American politician in Georgia who was elected in 1809 as governor of the state, serving two terms. He was elected again in 1815 for one term. Mitchell moved t ...
, the only Governor of Georgia buried in Milledgeville * Celena Mondie-Milner, professional track and field player * Powell A. Moore, politician and public servant * Otis Murphy, international saxophone soloist and professor at
Indiana University Indiana University (IU) is a state university system, system of Public university, public universities in the U.S. state of Indiana. The system has two core campuses, five regional campuses, and two regional centers under the administration o ...
Jacobs School of Music *
Flannery O'Connor Mary Flannery O'Connor (March 25, 1925August 3, 1964) was an American novelist, short story writer, and essayist. She wrote two novels and 31 short stories, as well as a number of reviews and commentaries. O'Connor was a Southern writer who of ...
, author, winner of the 1972 U.S.
National Book Award for Fiction The National Book Award for Fiction is one of five annual National Book Awards, which recognize outstanding literary work by United States citizens. Since 1987, the awards have been administered and presented by the National Book Foundation, bu ...
* Ulrich Bonnell Phillips, historian * Barry Reese, writer * Lucius Sanford, professional football player * Carrie Bell Sinclair, poet * Tut Taylor, bluegrass musician * Ellis Paul Torrance, psychologist * Larry Turner, professional basketball player * William Usery Jr., labor union activist and U.S. Secretary of Labor *
Carl Vinson Carl Vinson (November 18, 1883 – June 1, 1981) was an American politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives for over 50 years and was influential in the 20th century expansion of the U.S. Navy. He was a member of the Democrati ...
, congressman * J. T. Wall, professional football player * Rico Washington, professional baseball player * Rondell White, professional baseball player * Robert McAlpin Williamson, Republic of Texas Supreme Court Justice and Texas Ranger * Arlene Simmons, "America's Nurse" COVID-19 Public Hero


References


Further reading

* James C. Bonner, ''Milledgeville, Georgia's Antebellum Capital'', Old Capital Press, Milledgeville, Georgia, 2007. . A comprehensive overview of Milledgeville’s history as Georgia’s state capital. * Amy E. Clark-Davis, ''Milledgeville'', Images of America series, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, S.C., 2011. . A photographic overview of the city's history.


External links


Official Website

Visit Milledgeville

Milledgeville Historic Newspapers Archive
at
Digital Library of Georgia The Digital Library of Georgia (DLG) is an online public collection of documents and media about the history and culture of the state of Georgia, United States. The collection includes more than a million digitized objects from more than 200 Georgi ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Milledgeville, Georgia 1804 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) Cities in Baldwin County, Georgia Cities in Georgia (U.S. state) County seats in Georgia (U.S. state) Former state capitals in the United States Milledgeville micropolitan area, Georgia Planned communities in the United States Populated places established in 1804