Military Dependents' Village
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Military dependents' villages () are communities in
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
built in the late 1940s and the 1950s whose original purpose was to serve as provisional housing for soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines of the
Republic of China Armed Forces The Republic of China Armed Forces ( zh, t=中華民國國軍) are the national military forces of the Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC), which is now based primarily in the Taiwan Area but Republic of China (1912–1949), formerly governed Mai ...
, along with their dependents from
mainland China "Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a Geopolitics, geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addit ...
after the Government of the Republic of China (ROC) and the
Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the one party state, sole ruling party of the country Republic of China (1912-1949), during its rule from 1927 to 1949 in Mainland China until Retreat ...
(KMT) retreated to Taiwan in 1949. They ended up becoming permanent settlements, forming distinct cultures as enclaves of mainlanders in Taiwanese cities. Over the years, many military dependents' villages have suffered from problems such as housing dereliction, abandonment, urban decay, and becoming
slum A slum is a highly populated Urban area, urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty. The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete, and they are p ...
s. The houses in these villages were often haphazardly and poorly constructed, having been built hastily and with limited funding. The residents had no private land ownership rights for the houses they lived in, as the land was government property. Following the passage of the ''Act for Rebuilding Old Quarters for Military Dependents'' in 1996, the government began an aggressive program of demolishing these villages and replacing them with highrises, giving the residents rights to live in the new apartments. As of 2019, there are less than 30 left out of an original number of 879, and some have been preserved as historic sites. In a broad sense, the word can also mean the quarters for U.S. Military Advisory Group officers and their dependents in Taiwan.


Architecture

In the 1950s, most Dependents' Villages, except the legacy from the Japanese colonization, were built with minimal building standards on public land. The very common properties were built with straw-laid roof and mud-consolidated bamboo wall. It was only after the 1960s that the military reconstructed properties with bricks; and at the same time incorporated private toilets, bathrooms, kitchens, main pillars, roof tiles and electrical circuits into the properties. Till this, the properties of the Dependents Village had finally reached the same standards aligning with the rest of the architectures in Taiwan. By the end of the 1970s, Taiwan's property market was heated up with tremendous amount of newly built and renovated properties. However, due to housing ownership problems, houses in the Dependents Villages could not be rebuilt and replaced. Most of them suffered from outdated facilities and crowdedness. Each house had only 6–10 ping (1 ping ≈ 3.3 square metres) excluded the attached garden. Hence brick construction or reinforced brick-built, low level juàncūn properties had been comparatively derelict, especially within inner urban area. Generally speaking, juàncūn from ten to hundreds of units tend to segregate themselves from the rest of the society. Although it tightened the relationship within the village, it had unavoidably prevented mingling and communications between the tenants and the rest of the communities outside. Dependents' Villages is a unique cultural landscape that may soon pass into oblivion, as old soldiers pass away and
urban renewal Urban renewal (sometimes called urban regeneration in the United Kingdom and urban redevelopment in the United States) is a program of land redevelopment often used to address real or perceived urban decay. Urban renewal involves the clearing ...
and redevelopment takes place. Also, out of patriotism and anti-Communism, residents of the military dependents' village, sharing the same professionalism, could usually build their own sense of community through frequent social networking. In the early period, considering the sensitivity of soldiers' identity, the surrounding areas of military camps were heavily guarded, including the dependents' village; for the sake of clarification, relatives of soldiers had to present their resident permit in order to have access. Because the salary of soldiers was low at that time, the government provided educational assistance, medical treatment, and daily necessities like rice, flour, salad, and so forth, to supplement their living, which could be received only by showing a certain certificate as evidence. Mahjong is the most popular leisure activity. As the residents of the dependents' village all came from different provinces, along with them, they brought different tastes and regional wheaten foods, which contributed to the elaboration of Taiwanese wheaten food culture. Part of the slang used in military dependents' village later got integrated into the vocabularies of Taiwanese language. Initially, none of the military families would have expected a permanent stalemate across the Taiwan straits. They either hoped to regroup, rearm, and then retake the mainland with US assistance, or feared that Communist armies would press on and take Taiwan too. In either case, the immediate impulse was to consider Taiwan as a temporary refuge for the medium-term.


Urban debates

Juàncūn is a burdened landscape inherited from the martial law era (1949–1987) in Taiwan. It has been seen as an unfair welfare provision that was predominately available to the
Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the one party state, sole ruling party of the country Republic of China (1912-1949), during its rule from 1927 to 1949 in Mainland China until Retreat ...
(KMT) military and their families. The impact to the society in terms of social segregation and imbalance resource allocation has turn out to be more revolted than expected. Juàncūn has now been the focus of dynamic architectural, political and cultural debate shaped by tensions between different collective memories as well as conflicting interests and visions of what the new urban landscape of 'new' Taiwan should be. G. Delanty and P. R. Jones's discourse (2002) about continuous debates and struggles as to which memories and symbols are to be preserved or destroyed from the urban landscape of the city can be clearly realized in the context of juàncūn and its preservation.


Popular culture

Due to a mix of the unique cultural and historical background of these villages, many creative works either feature life in the dependents' villages or are set in them as a background. Some notable examples are included as follows.


Film

* '' Papa, Can You Hear Me Sing'' (), 1983. * '' A Brighter Summer Day'' (), directed by Edward Yang, 1991. * '' Darkness and Light'' (), directed by Chang Tso-chi, 1999. * '' The Best of Times'' (), directed by Chang Tso-chi, 2002. * '' War Game 229'' (), 2011. * '' Four Hands'' (), 2011.


Television series

* '' Story of Our Time'' (), 2008. * '' A Touch of Green'' (), 2015.


Notable people from military dependents' villages


Art

* Huang Yung-Fu


Film

*
Ang Lee Ang Lee (; born October 23, 1954) is a Taiwanese filmmaker. His films are known for their emotional charge and exploration of repressed, hidden emotions. During his career, he has received international critical and popular acclaim and List o ...
* Hou Hsiao-hsien * Doze Niu * Edward Yang * Brigitte Lin * Sylvia Chang * Joey Wong


Music

* Teresa Teng * Chang Yu-sheng * Pan An-bang * Hou Dejian * Richie Jen * Tsai Chin * Annie Yi


Television

* Blackie Chen * Ethan Juan * Frankie Kao


Literature

*
Lung Ying-tai Lung Ying-tai () is a Taiwanese writer, cultural critic, and public intellectual. With more than 30 books to her credit, she not only has a large number of readers in her native Taiwan, but her works also have an impact in Chinese-language commu ...
* Chu T’ien-hsin * Chu T’ien-wen * Yuan Chiung-chiung * Zhang Dachun


Politics

*
James Soong Soong Chu-yu (; born 30 April 1942), also known by his English name James Soong, is a Taiwanese political scientist and politician who is the founder and chairman of the People First Party. Soong was the first and only elected governor of Taiw ...
*
Jason Hu Hu Chih-chiang (; born 15 May 1948), also known by his English name Jason Hu, is a Taiwanese diplomat and politician. He served as the mayor of Taichung from 2001 to 2014, when the city was a Provincial city (Taiwan), provincial city (2001–2 ...
*
Chiang Hsiao-yen Chiang Hsiao-yen (; born 1 March 1942) or John Chiang, formerly surnamed Chang (), is a Taiwanese politician affiliated with the Kuomintang. He is the speculated illegitimate son of Chiang Ching-kuo, former leader of the Republic of China, ...
* Winston Chang * Eric Chu * Hau Lung-pin


Organized crime

* Chen Chi-li * Tung Kuei-sen


See also

* Hsinchu Museum of Military Dependents Village * Public housing in Taiwan * Red Envelope Club * Tiu Keng Leng * Treasure Hill


References

* G. Delanty and P. R. Jones, European Identity and Architecture. European Journal of Social Theory 5 (2002) 453–466. {{DEFAULTSORT:Military Dependents' Village Populated places in Taiwan Residential buildings in Taiwan Military history of Taiwan Kuomintang