Nikolai Konstantinovich Sudzilovsky (December 15, 1850 – April 30, 1930, also known as Nicholas Russel and Kauka Lukini)Ronald Hayashida & David Kittelson (1977)
"The Odyssey of Nicholas Russel"
'' Hawaiian Journal of History'' vol. 11, 1977, pages 110-124
Archived
May 5, 2016, at the

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. was a revolutionary and scientist. He was from the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

and later emigrated to the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

Biography

Sudzilovsky was born in

Mogilev Mogilev (; , ), also transliterated as Mahilyow (, ), is a city in eastern Belarus. It is located on the Dnieper, Dnieper River, about from the Belarus–Russia border, border with Russia's Smolensk Oblast and from Bryansk Oblast. As of 2024, ...

to a

noble A noble is a member of the nobility. Noble may also refer to: Places Antarctica * Noble Glacier, King George Island * Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land * Noble Peak, Wiencke Island * Noble Rocks, Graham Land Australia * Noble Island, Gr ...

family. He entered the

St. Petersburg University Saint Petersburg State University (SPBGU; ) is a public research university in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Russia. Founded in 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great, the university from the be ...

law department but dropped out on the next year and entered medical department of the

Kiev University The Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (; also known as Kyiv University, Shevchenko University, or KNU) is a public university in Kyiv, Ukraine. The university is the third-oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and ...

where he did not finish his studies. He began to get involved in political activity being one of the organisers of the ''Kiev commune'', a left-wing student organisation in 1873–1874. Getting a job of medical assistant at the Nikolayev prison, he tried to arrange mass escape of the prisoners, but his plot failed and he had to flee from Russia escaping arrest in 1875. In 1876 under the pseudonym ''Nicholas Russel'', Sudzilovsky took part in the Bulgarian

April Uprising The April Uprising () was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April to May 1876. The rebellion was suppressed by irregular Ottoman bashi-bazouk units that engaged in indiscriminate slaughter of both rebels ...

against the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

. In 1877 he graduated from medical faculty of the

University of Bucharest The University of Bucharest (UB) () is a public university, public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy of Bucharest, P ...

. Russel was one of the organisers of the socialist movement in

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

, published a socialist paper, and carried out socialist propaganda among the Russian troops during the

Russo-Turkish War The Russo-Turkish wars ( ), or the Russo-Ottoman wars (), began in 1568 and continued intermittently until 1918. They consisted of twelve conflicts in total, making them one of the longest series of wars in the history of Europe. All but four of ...

. He also fought in Romania's war of independence, being distinguished with the

Order of the Star of Romania The Order of the Star of Romania (Romanian: ''Ordinul Steaua României'') is Romania's highest civil Order and second highest State decoration after the Order of Michael the Brave. It is the oldest Order of Romania. It is awarded by the Preside ...

. Dr. Russel was one of the most energetic socialists during his stay in Romania from 1875 until 1881 when he was deported, at the request of the Tsarist authorities, after attempting to hold a celebration of "The 10th Anniversary of the Paris Commune of 1871". In 1887, Sudzilovsky moved to

San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...

and later

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; ) is an island U.S. state, state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland. One of the two Non-contiguous United States, non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska), it is the only sta ...

, becoming an American citizen. There he became a founder of the

Home Rule Party of Hawaii The Hawaiian Independent Party (later renamed the Independent Home Rule Party), was a political party active in Hawaii from 1900 to 1912, during which time Hawaii was controlled by the United States and administered as the Territory of Hawaii. Th ...

in 1892, which opposed Hawaii's joining the United States. In 1900 under the name ''Kauka Lukini'', Sudzilovsky was elected Hawaii Senator, in 1901 was elected as 1st Hawaii Senate President. During the

Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire. The major land battles of the war were fought on the ...

of 1904–1905 Sudzilovsky actively conducted socialist propaganda among Russian prisoners of war. Following the demands of Russia's foreign minister, the US government revoked his citizenship. Sudzilovsky spent the last years of his life in the

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

and China. He was author of several works on

medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...

and

sociology Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. The term sociol ...

and was member of the American Genetics Society.

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sudzilovsky, Nikolai 1850 births 1930 deaths People from Mogilev University of Bucharest alumni Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States American socialists People of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) Untitled nobility from the Russian Empire Recipients of the Order of the Star of Romania