Mihály Vörösmarty (archaically English: Michael Vorosmarthy 1 December 180019 November 1855) was a
Hungarian poet and
dramatist
A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes plays, which are a form of drama that primarily consists of dialogue between characters and is intended for theatrical performance rather than just
reading. Ben Jonson coined the term "playwri ...
who lived and worked in the
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...
.
Biography

He was born at
Puszta-Nyék (now
Kápolnásnyék), of a
noble
A noble is a member of the nobility.
Noble may also refer to:
Places Antarctica
* Noble Glacier, King George Island
* Noble Nunatak, Marie Byrd Land
* Noble Peak, Wiencke Island
* Noble Rocks, Graham Land
Australia
* Noble Island, Gr ...
Roman Catholic family. His father was a steward of the
Nádasdys. Mihály was educated at
Székesfehérvár
Székesfehérvár (; ; ; ; Serbian language, Serbian: ''Стони Београд''; ), known colloquially as Fehérvár (), is a city in central Hungary, and the country's ninth-largest city. It is the Regions of Hungary, regional capital of C ...
by the
Cistercians
The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...
and at
Pest by the
Piarists
The Piarists (), officially named the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools (), abbreviated SchP, is a religious order of clerics regular of the Catholic Church founded in 1617 by Spanish priest Joseph Calasanz ...
. The death of the elder Vörösmarty in 1817 left his widow and numerous family in poverty. As a tutor to the Perczel family, however, Vörösmarty contrived to pay his own way and go through his academic course at Pest.
The activities of the
Diet of 1825 enkindled his patriotism and gave a new direction to his poetry. He had already begun a drama, ''Salomon''. He flung himself into public life and fell in love with Etelka Perczel, who was from a higher social class. Many of his lyrics concern this unrequited love. Meanwhile, his patriotism found expression in the heroic epic ''Zalán futása'' (''The Flight of Zalán'', 1824), which, while dealing with the Hungarian past, also dealt with contemporary political concerns. This new epic marked a transition from the classical to the romantic school. Vörösmarty was hailed by
Károly Kisfaludy
Károly Kisfaludy (5 February 1788 – 21 November 1830) was a Hungarian dramatist and artist, brother of Sándor Kisfaludy. He was the founder of the national drama.
Early life
The youngest of eight children, his mother died in childbirth, ...
and the Hungarian romanticists as one of their own. He had forsaken the law for literature, and his financial situation deteriorated. Between 1823-31, he composed four dramas and eight smaller epics, partly historical, partly fanciful. Of these epics he always regarded ''Cserhalom'' (1825) as the best, but later criticism preferred ''A két szomszédvár'' (''Two Neighbouring Castles'', 1831).
When the
Hungarian Academy was established on 17 November 1830 he was elected a member of the philological section, and ultimately succeeded Károly Kisfaludy as director with an annual pension of 500 florins. He was one of the founders of the
Kisfaludy Society, and in 1837 started two periodicals: the ''Athenaeum'' and the ''Figyelmező''. The first was the chief bellettristic periodical, and the second was a critical periodical.
From 1830-43, he devoted himself mainly to drama, including ''
Csongor és Tünde'' (''Csongor and Tünde'', 1830), a five-act play inspired by Albert Gergei's ''Prince Árgirus'' and by Shakespeare's ''
A Midsummer Night's Dream
''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' is a Comedy (drama), comedy play written by William Shakespeare in about 1595 or 1596. The play is set in Athens, and consists of several subplots that revolve around the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. One s ...
''; and ''Vérnász'' (''Blood Wedding'', 1833), which won the Academy's 200-gulden prize.
''Csongor és Tünde'' was described by
György Lukács
György Lukács (born Bernát György Löwinger; ; ; 13 April 1885 – 4 June 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, literary historian, literary critic, and Aesthetics, aesthetician. He was one of the founders of Western Marxism, an inter ...
in 1911 as the best Hungarian play of the nineteenth century. He also published several volumes of poetry. His song "
Szózat
The Szózat (; in English: "The Appeal") is a Hungarian patriotic song. De facto, it is regarded as "the second national anthem" of Hungary, beside the Himnusz, which is a constitutionally defined state symbol.
The lyrics were written in 1836 ...
" ("Appeal", 1836) was to become a second national anthem, and he wrote "Az elhagyott anya" ("The Abandoned Mother", 1837) and "Az uri hölgyhöz" ("To the Noble Lady", 1841). His marriage in 1843 to inspired him to compose a new cycle of love poems. They had five children, including
Béla
Béla may refer to:
* Béla (crater), an elongated lunar crater
* Béla (given name), a common Hungarian male given name
See also
* Bela (disambiguation)
* Belá (disambiguation)
* Bělá (disambiguation) Bělá may refer to:
Places in the Cze ...
and
Ilona. In 1848, in conjunction with
Arany and
Petőfi, he contributed to a translation of
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...
's works.
With the support of
Lajos Kossuth
Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (; ; ; ; 19 September 1802 – 20 March 1894) was a Hungarian nobleman, lawyer, journalist, politician, statesman and governor-president of the Kingdom of Hungary during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, r ...
and
Imre Cseszneky
Imre () is a Hungarian masculine first name, which is also in Estonian use, where the corresponding name day is 10 April. It has been suggested that it relates to the name Emeric, Emmerich or Heinrich. Its English equivalents are Emery and He ...
, he was elected to represent
Jankovác at the diet of 1848, and in 1849 was made one of the judges of the high court. The national catastrophe (the fall of
the revolution of 1848-49) profoundly affected him. For a short time he was an exile, and when he returned to Hungary in 1850 he was already in serious decline. In 1854, he wrote his last poem, "A vén cigány" ("The Old Gypsy"). He moved back to
Pest to be close to doctors, and died there, in the same house where Károly Kisfaludy had died 25 years earlier. He was buried in Kerepesi Cemetery. His funeral, on 21 November, was a day of national mourning. His penniless children were provided for by a national subscription collected by
Ferenc Deák, who acted as their guardian.
Honors
*A monument by
Ede Kallós and
Eduard Telcs, constructed in the 1900s, stands in
Budapest
Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...
in the
square
In geometry, a square is a regular polygon, regular quadrilateral. It has four straight sides of equal length and four equal angles. Squares are special cases of rectangles, which have four equal angles, and of rhombuses, which have four equal si ...
which bears his name.
* Mihály Vörösmarty stamp was issued by Hungary on 5 May 1937 showing his portrait.
* Another stamp was issued by Hungary on 28 July 1955 in the Poets series.
References
External links
*
*
Mihály Vörösmartyat Hunlit.hu
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vorosmarty, Mihaly
1800 births
1855 deaths
Dramatists and playwrights from the Austrian Empire
Poets from the Austrian Empire
People from Fejér County
Hungarian nobility
Hungarian Roman Catholics
Opposition Party (Hungary) politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of Hungary (1848–1849)
Hungarian male poets
19th-century Hungarian male writers
19th-century Hungarian poets
Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery