Michał Twaróg of Bystrzyków (; ) (c. 1450–1520) was a Polish

philosopher Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

and

theologian Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of ...

of the early 16th century.

Life

Michał Twaróg studied at Paris in 1473–77, during the period when, following the

anathema The word anathema has two main meanings. One is to describe that something or someone is being hated or avoided. The other refers to a formal excommunication by a Christian denomination, church. These meanings come from the New Testament, where a ...

tization of the

Nominalist In metaphysics, nominalism is the view that universals and abstract objects do not actually exist other than being merely names or labels. There are two main versions of nominalism. One denies the existence of universals—that which can be inst ...

s (1473), the Scotist school of philosophy enjoyed its greatest triumphs there. He brought

Scotism Scotism is the philosophical school and theological system named after John Duns Scotus, a 13th-century Scottish philosopher-theologian. The word comes from the name of its originator, whose ''Opus Oxoniense'' was one of the most important ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

and taught at the

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University (, UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by Casimir III the Great, King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and one of the List of oldest universities in con ...

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

from 1485, serving as its rector in 1513–14. Twaróg was the author of many works of philosophy and theology revered by contemporary historians. As the

abbot Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the head of an independent monastery for men in various Western Christian traditions. The name is derived from ''abba'', the Aramaic form of the Hebrew ''ab'', and means "father". The female equivale ...

of the

collegiate church In Christianity, a collegiate church is a church where the daily office of worship is maintained by a college of canons, a non-monastic or "secular" community of clergy, organised as a self-governing corporate body, headed by a dignitary bearing ...

in Wojnicz (1497–1520) he supported financially the functioning of the local hospital. A prominent student of Twaróg was

Jan of Stobnica Jan of Stobnica (ca. 1470 - 1530), was a Polish philosopher, scientist and geographer of the early 16th century. Life Jan was born in Stopnica, and was educated at the Jagiellonian University (Kraków Academy), where he taught as professor betwee ...

(c.1470–1519), a moderate Scotist, professor at the same Jagiellonian University (''Kraków Academy'') between 1498 and 1514, who took account also of the theories of the Ockhamists,

Thomist Thomism is the philosophical and theological school which arose as a legacy of the work and thought of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), the Dominican philosopher, theologian, and Doctor of the Church. In philosophy, Thomas's disputed questions ...

s and

Humanist Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry. The meaning of the term "humanism" ha ...

Władysław Tatarkiewicz Władysław Tatarkiewicz (; 3 April 1886 – 4 April 1980) was a Polish philosopher, historian of philosophy, historian of art, esthetician, and ethicist. Early life and education Tatarkiewicz began his higher education at Warsaw University ...

, ''Zarys dziejów filozofii w Polsce'' (A Brief History of Philosophy in Poland), n the series:Historia nauki polskiej w monografiach (''History of Polish Learning in Monographs''), olumeXXXII, Kraków, Polska Akademia Umiejętności (

Polish Academy of Learning The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning (, PAU), headquartered in Kraków and founded in 1872, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences (the other being the Po ...

), 1948. This monograph draws from pertinent sections in earlier editions of the author's Historia filozofii (History of Philosophy), pp. 6–7.

Notes

References

* George J. Lerski, Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki
Historical dictionary of Poland, 966-1945
Published by Greenwood Publishing Group. Page 221 * Wirtualna Polska, Encyklopedia

* Edward H. Lewinski-Corwin
The Political History of Poland
University of California, San Diego. Copyright, 1917. * Miasto i Gmina Wojnicz, official website
ZASŁUŻENI WOJNICZANIE

External links

Works by Michał Twaróg of Bystrzyków
in digital library

Polona Polona is a Polish digital library, which provides digitized books, magazines, graphics, maps, music, fliers and manuscripts from collections of the National Library of Poland and co-operating institutions. It began its operation in 2006. Colle ...

University of Paris alumni Academic staff of Jagiellonian University 1450s births 1520 deaths 16th-century Polish philosophers 16th-century Polish male writers {{Poland-philosopher-stub

Life

See also

Notes

References

External links